Ch. 9 - Ltcconline.net
... a. all the folds of the christae provide increased surface area 4. electrons arrive having been carried by an NADH molecule. a. Oxygen (O2) is the final electron acceptor b. each Oxygen atom combines with 2 H’s to form H2O 5. Most carrier molecules are in the protein complexes which span the inner m ...
... a. all the folds of the christae provide increased surface area 4. electrons arrive having been carried by an NADH molecule. a. Oxygen (O2) is the final electron acceptor b. each Oxygen atom combines with 2 H’s to form H2O 5. Most carrier molecules are in the protein complexes which span the inner m ...
Unit 3.3: Cell Transport and Homeostasis
... areas of higher to lower concentration. Types of passive transport include simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. • Active transport requires energy from the cell. It occurs when substances move from areas of lower to higher concentration or when very large molecules are transported. ...
... areas of higher to lower concentration. Types of passive transport include simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. • Active transport requires energy from the cell. It occurs when substances move from areas of lower to higher concentration or when very large molecules are transported. ...
Electron Transport Chain
... oxidized to provide the energy for the synthesis of ATP. In electron transport or the respiratory chain, • hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed from one electron acceptor or carrier to the next until they combine with oxygen to form H2O. • energy released during electron transp ...
... oxidized to provide the energy for the synthesis of ATP. In electron transport or the respiratory chain, • hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed from one electron acceptor or carrier to the next until they combine with oxygen to form H2O. • energy released during electron transp ...
Cell Membrane
... • 3) Receptors – Proteins that receive chemical signals (called ligands) from other cells and cause a reaction to occur in the cell • Has a shape that fits a specific messenger, such as a hormone. It can either turn on a process directly or initiate a signal transduction pathway (a series of steps t ...
... • 3) Receptors – Proteins that receive chemical signals (called ligands) from other cells and cause a reaction to occur in the cell • Has a shape that fits a specific messenger, such as a hormone. It can either turn on a process directly or initiate a signal transduction pathway (a series of steps t ...
Respiration
... 1) Where do light dependent reactions take place? 2) How are the equations of respiration and photosynthesis similar? 3) List the three parts of ATP. 4) Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cell respiration is to_____________. 5) Where on the ATP molecule is a bond broken to make ADP? ...
... 1) Where do light dependent reactions take place? 2) How are the equations of respiration and photosynthesis similar? 3) List the three parts of ATP. 4) Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cell respiration is to_____________. 5) Where on the ATP molecule is a bond broken to make ADP? ...
Slide 1
... • 1. channel proteins – have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel to move across the membrane • 2. carrier proteins - bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane • 3. pumps – carrier proteins that require the hydrolysis of ATP (or GTP) t ...
... • 1. channel proteins – have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel to move across the membrane • 2. carrier proteins - bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane • 3. pumps – carrier proteins that require the hydrolysis of ATP (or GTP) t ...
Lecture #4 Date
... CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) • Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) • For each acetyl CoA that enters: – 3 NAD+ reduced to 3 NADH; – 1 FAD reduced to FADH2 – 1 ATP molecule produced ...
... CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) • Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) • For each acetyl CoA that enters: – 3 NAD+ reduced to 3 NADH; – 1 FAD reduced to FADH2 – 1 ATP molecule produced ...
Photosynthesis Practice Examination/Instructor: Mr
... 6. The chief purpose of the dark reaction of photosynthesis is the production of (1.) oxygen (2.) NADP+ (3.) carbohydrate (4.) carbon dioxide 7. Quantitatively more photosynthesis occurs in (1.) tropical rainforests (2.) the temperate zones (3.) fresh water (4.) the oceans 8. The Hatch-Slack pathway ...
... 6. The chief purpose of the dark reaction of photosynthesis is the production of (1.) oxygen (2.) NADP+ (3.) carbohydrate (4.) carbon dioxide 7. Quantitatively more photosynthesis occurs in (1.) tropical rainforests (2.) the temperate zones (3.) fresh water (4.) the oceans 8. The Hatch-Slack pathway ...
Hemolytic Anemias due to Other Intracorpuscular Defects
... The condition is exacerbated during sleep when CO2 levels rise and the pH drops. It is believed to be caused by an abnormal clone of stem cells (idiopathic or due to marrow damage). All of the cell lines lack several anchored membrane proteins and this makes them abnormally sensitive to the co ...
... The condition is exacerbated during sleep when CO2 levels rise and the pH drops. It is believed to be caused by an abnormal clone of stem cells (idiopathic or due to marrow damage). All of the cell lines lack several anchored membrane proteins and this makes them abnormally sensitive to the co ...
Cellular Respiration – Chapter 7 – Lesson 2 – Aerobic Cellular
... Recall that by the end of Stage 1, glycolysis, the cell had formed 2 ATPs, 2NADHs and 2 pyruvate molecules—all in the cytoplasm Stage 2 begins when the two pyruvate molecules formed in glycolysis are transported through the two mitochondrial membranes into the matrix ...
... Recall that by the end of Stage 1, glycolysis, the cell had formed 2 ATPs, 2NADHs and 2 pyruvate molecules—all in the cytoplasm Stage 2 begins when the two pyruvate molecules formed in glycolysis are transported through the two mitochondrial membranes into the matrix ...
Assembly, Function, and Dynamics of the
... for studying chloroplast gene expression, especially when it is combined with classical genetic analysis. It has been possible to dissect regulatory elements such as promoters and 5⬘ and 3⬘ untranslated regions, and to use chimeric genes consisting of chloroplast regulatory elements fused to reporte ...
... for studying chloroplast gene expression, especially when it is combined with classical genetic analysis. It has been possible to dissect regulatory elements such as promoters and 5⬘ and 3⬘ untranslated regions, and to use chimeric genes consisting of chloroplast regulatory elements fused to reporte ...
TERTIARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS
... • Above this temperature, the structure unfolds and function is lost ...
... • Above this temperature, the structure unfolds and function is lost ...
Biology 233
... 3) Citric Acid Cycle (TCA cycle, Kreb’s cycle) 2 acetyl CoA enter cycle and are broken down occurs in mitochondrial matrix in one cycle: 1 (2C) acetyl CoA + (4C) molecule -----> (6C) citric acid citric acid is oxidized (4 H2 removed by coenzymes) and decarboxylated (2 CO2 removed) net gain (per gluc ...
... 3) Citric Acid Cycle (TCA cycle, Kreb’s cycle) 2 acetyl CoA enter cycle and are broken down occurs in mitochondrial matrix in one cycle: 1 (2C) acetyl CoA + (4C) molecule -----> (6C) citric acid citric acid is oxidized (4 H2 removed by coenzymes) and decarboxylated (2 CO2 removed) net gain (per gluc ...
No Slide Title
... RESPIRATION 2. CELLULAR RESPIRATION - Process by which organic compounds are broken down to yield energy for work • This energy molecule is _________ ...
... RESPIRATION 2. CELLULAR RESPIRATION - Process by which organic compounds are broken down to yield energy for work • This energy molecule is _________ ...
SpoIIQ Anchors Membrane Proteins on Both Sides of
... spore formation localize to defined subcellular positions and this localization is critical for their activity. Upon the initiation of sporulation, the developing cell (called the sporangium) divides into two compartments of unequal size and dissimilar fates. The smaller compartment (the forespore) ...
... spore formation localize to defined subcellular positions and this localization is critical for their activity. Upon the initiation of sporulation, the developing cell (called the sporangium) divides into two compartments of unequal size and dissimilar fates. The smaller compartment (the forespore) ...
Electron Transport Chain
... We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This is the path that is taken when oxygen is present. ...
... We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This is the path that is taken when oxygen is present. ...
AP Biology Review - Blue Valley Schools
... 7. Tissues – a tissue is a group of similar cells 8. Cells – the basic unit of structure and function of all living things 9. Organelles – the functional components that make up cells 10. Molecules – a molecule is a chemical structure consisting of two or more small chemical units called atoms Ecosy ...
... 7. Tissues – a tissue is a group of similar cells 8. Cells – the basic unit of structure and function of all living things 9. Organelles – the functional components that make up cells 10. Molecules – a molecule is a chemical structure consisting of two or more small chemical units called atoms Ecosy ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Hydrogen ions are stripped of their energy, and large amounts of ATP are formed. –Takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. –The used ions and Hydronium are combined with –oxygen to form H2O. –Produces: • 34 ATP ...
... • Hydrogen ions are stripped of their energy, and large amounts of ATP are formed. –Takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. –The used ions and Hydronium are combined with –oxygen to form H2O. –Produces: • 34 ATP ...
Enzymes
... • Bioenergetics describe transfer and utilization of energy in biologic systems, it makes use of few basic ideas of thermodynamics, particularly the concept of free energy • Changes in free energy (ΔG) provide a measure of energetic feasibility of a reaction & can allow prediction of whether a react ...
... • Bioenergetics describe transfer and utilization of energy in biologic systems, it makes use of few basic ideas of thermodynamics, particularly the concept of free energy • Changes in free energy (ΔG) provide a measure of energetic feasibility of a reaction & can allow prediction of whether a react ...
Protein folding
... Eight -helices connected by bends (b-turns). # Stabilized by hydrophobic interactions (and vdW forces). ⇒ Most hydrophobic residues oriented toward the interior of the molecule (Hydrophobic core) # Compact ⇒ Only 4 H2O molecules can fit inside. # Polar R groups on the surface ⇒ Solubility # Bur ...
... Eight -helices connected by bends (b-turns). # Stabilized by hydrophobic interactions (and vdW forces). ⇒ Most hydrophobic residues oriented toward the interior of the molecule (Hydrophobic core) # Compact ⇒ Only 4 H2O molecules can fit inside. # Polar R groups on the surface ⇒ Solubility # Bur ...
Aminoacids. Protein structure and properties.
... Glycoproteins are: • hormones • extracellular matrix proteins • proteins involved in blood coagulation • antibodies • mucus secretion from epithelial cells • protein localized on surface of cells • receptors (transmit signals of hormones or growth factors from outside environment into the cell) Suga ...
... Glycoproteins are: • hormones • extracellular matrix proteins • proteins involved in blood coagulation • antibodies • mucus secretion from epithelial cells • protein localized on surface of cells • receptors (transmit signals of hormones or growth factors from outside environment into the cell) Suga ...
Lecture 20
... ATP is made in the mitochondria and used in the cytosol. Fatty acids are make in the cytosol and broken down in the mitochondria. Separation of pathways exerts a greater control over opposing pathways and the intermediates can be controlled by transport across the separating membranes. ...
... ATP is made in the mitochondria and used in the cytosol. Fatty acids are make in the cytosol and broken down in the mitochondria. Separation of pathways exerts a greater control over opposing pathways and the intermediates can be controlled by transport across the separating membranes. ...
Slide 1
... Because ferric iron and oxidized manganese are exceedingly insoluble at near neutral pH values, reduction of iron and manganese minerals is thought to occur through direct cell contact with the mineral surface. Recent studies suggest that dissolved, redox-reactive compounds can serve as electron shu ...
... Because ferric iron and oxidized manganese are exceedingly insoluble at near neutral pH values, reduction of iron and manganese minerals is thought to occur through direct cell contact with the mineral surface. Recent studies suggest that dissolved, redox-reactive compounds can serve as electron shu ...
Sample exam questions Chapter 11 Carbohydrates
... D. cytochrome c E. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 33) Proton flow through the ATP synthase enzyme A. provides the energy for adding a phosphate to ADP to make ATP * B. results in an equilibration of protons inside and outside of the mitochrondria. C. produces local pH changes in the active site w ...
... D. cytochrome c E. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 33) Proton flow through the ATP synthase enzyme A. provides the energy for adding a phosphate to ADP to make ATP * B. results in an equilibration of protons inside and outside of the mitochrondria. C. produces local pH changes in the active site w ...
Thylakoid
A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal or stroma thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.