Retrograde Signaling in the Development and Modification of
... via a presynaptic cAMP-dependent protein kinase to enhance action potential-evoked Ca2/ influx (128). Ultrastructural studies of early neuromuscular contacts revealed close membrane appositions between the nerve and muscle membranes, with an extracellular gap of õ10 nm (48, 204). Thus direct interac ...
... via a presynaptic cAMP-dependent protein kinase to enhance action potential-evoked Ca2/ influx (128). Ultrastructural studies of early neuromuscular contacts revealed close membrane appositions between the nerve and muscle membranes, with an extracellular gap of õ10 nm (48, 204). Thus direct interac ...
Speech Science XI
... The basilar membrane gets wider as it spirals from the base at the oval window to the helicotrema at the apex. The travelling waves build up to maximum amplitudes at different places along the scala vestibuli, according to their component frequencies: higher frequencies closer to the base, lower fre ...
... The basilar membrane gets wider as it spirals from the base at the oval window to the helicotrema at the apex. The travelling waves build up to maximum amplitudes at different places along the scala vestibuli, according to their component frequencies: higher frequencies closer to the base, lower fre ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... and contact several hundreds of target neurons locally or distally. But, the function of the axon is not purely limited to the conduction of the action potential from the site of initiation near the cell body to the terminal. Recent experimental findings shed new light on the functional and computat ...
... and contact several hundreds of target neurons locally or distally. But, the function of the axon is not purely limited to the conduction of the action potential from the site of initiation near the cell body to the terminal. Recent experimental findings shed new light on the functional and computat ...
Chapter 17- The Special Senses
... C) Transduction of light into a receptor potential occurs in the outer segments rods and cones. D) Photoreceptor outer segments are renewed very slowly, if at all. E) Photopigments are composed of derivatives of vitamin E called tocopherol and opsin proteins. 28) How does light excite the bipolar ce ...
... C) Transduction of light into a receptor potential occurs in the outer segments rods and cones. D) Photoreceptor outer segments are renewed very slowly, if at all. E) Photopigments are composed of derivatives of vitamin E called tocopherol and opsin proteins. 28) How does light excite the bipolar ce ...
Optical recording of electrical activity in intact neuronal networks
... possible to reconstruct the related computations. Unfortunately, this is not possible with current techniques for several reasons. Generally, the more precise the method of neuronal recording is (e.g. patch-clamp), the more limited the number of simultaneously recorded neurons becomes. Conversely, g ...
... possible to reconstruct the related computations. Unfortunately, this is not possible with current techniques for several reasons. Generally, the more precise the method of neuronal recording is (e.g. patch-clamp), the more limited the number of simultaneously recorded neurons becomes. Conversely, g ...
Nerve activates contraction
... •The neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synapse and bind to receptors on the membrane of the next neuron ...
... •The neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synapse and bind to receptors on the membrane of the next neuron ...
Hearing, I: The Cochlea - American Journal of Neuroradiology
... the round window by otosclerotic plaques may render prosthetic stapedectomy ineffective because of the incompressible nature of the labyrinthine fluid. It is interesting that the entire fluid volume of the perilymphatic spaces of the inner ear is only 0.2 mL, yet without it hearing would not be poss ...
... the round window by otosclerotic plaques may render prosthetic stapedectomy ineffective because of the incompressible nature of the labyrinthine fluid. It is interesting that the entire fluid volume of the perilymphatic spaces of the inner ear is only 0.2 mL, yet without it hearing would not be poss ...
Spinal Cord Motor Activity
... The remaining 10% are on the soma, which have the highest priority. The unitary EPSP at a single synapse is about 0.2 mV in amplitude. Depending on the MN, sufficient of these must be activated to cause a depolarization of 5-10 mV at the axon hillock and thereby evoke an AP. b. Temporal summation re ...
... The remaining 10% are on the soma, which have the highest priority. The unitary EPSP at a single synapse is about 0.2 mV in amplitude. Depending on the MN, sufficient of these must be activated to cause a depolarization of 5-10 mV at the axon hillock and thereby evoke an AP. b. Temporal summation re ...
Creatine
... Cont… During intense exercise for half a minute, phosphocreatine is broken down to creatine and phosphate, and the energy released is used to regenerate the primary source of energy, ATP Extra creatine in the muscle may also increase the rate of regeneration of phosphocreatine following exercis ...
... Cont… During intense exercise for half a minute, phosphocreatine is broken down to creatine and phosphate, and the energy released is used to regenerate the primary source of energy, ATP Extra creatine in the muscle may also increase the rate of regeneration of phosphocreatine following exercis ...
Exam II Questions / Answers
... Functional: (neurons are grouped according to the direction in which the nerve impulse travels relative to the CNS) ...
... Functional: (neurons are grouped according to the direction in which the nerve impulse travels relative to the CNS) ...
Cortical Neurons and Circuits: A Tutorial
... In some basic ways cortical neurons are all alike. Their cell membranes all exhibit an electric potential difference (the membrane voltage) between the inside (cytoplasm) and outside (extracellular region) of the cell. Their membrane voltage varies in response to the flow of ions through dedicated p ...
... In some basic ways cortical neurons are all alike. Their cell membranes all exhibit an electric potential difference (the membrane voltage) between the inside (cytoplasm) and outside (extracellular region) of the cell. Their membrane voltage varies in response to the flow of ions through dedicated p ...
Cortical Neurons and Circuits: A Tutorial
... In some basic ways cortical neurons are all alike. Their cell membranes all exhibit an electric potential difference (the membrane voltage) between the inside (cytoplasm) and outside (extracellular region) of the cell. Their membrane voltage varies in response to the flow of ions through dedicated p ...
... In some basic ways cortical neurons are all alike. Their cell membranes all exhibit an electric potential difference (the membrane voltage) between the inside (cytoplasm) and outside (extracellular region) of the cell. Their membrane voltage varies in response to the flow of ions through dedicated p ...
Axons break in animals lacking β-spectrin
... Defects were also rare in β-spectrin mutant embryos (fraction of neurons with defects: wild type = 1.3%; unc-70(s1502) = 3.1%; P = 0.31 in a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test). However, β-spectrin mutant animals accumulated defects with time. At hatching, the percentage of neurons with defects had incr ...
... Defects were also rare in β-spectrin mutant embryos (fraction of neurons with defects: wild type = 1.3%; unc-70(s1502) = 3.1%; P = 0.31 in a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test). However, β-spectrin mutant animals accumulated defects with time. At hatching, the percentage of neurons with defects had incr ...
Multiple Modes of Action Potential Initiation and Propagation in
... resulted in a stepwise change in the relative peak timing, indicating that as the distal excitatory input increased, the initiation site shifted suddenly from the soma/axon initial segment to the distal dendrite. The maximum time difference by which the dendritic action-potential peak could lead the ...
... resulted in a stepwise change in the relative peak timing, indicating that as the distal excitatory input increased, the initiation site shifted suddenly from the soma/axon initial segment to the distal dendrite. The maximum time difference by which the dendritic action-potential peak could lead the ...
Stochastic Model of Central Synapses: Slow Diffusion of Transmitter
... A detailed mathematical analysis of the diffusion process of neurotransmitter inside the synaptic cleft is presented and the spatio-temporal concentration profile is calculated. Using information about the experimentally observed time course of glutamate in the cleft the effective diffusion coeffici ...
... A detailed mathematical analysis of the diffusion process of neurotransmitter inside the synaptic cleft is presented and the spatio-temporal concentration profile is calculated. Using information about the experimentally observed time course of glutamate in the cleft the effective diffusion coeffici ...
Spinal Nerves Posterior View
... • PUDENDAL NERVE: this is the nerve that can be anesthetized during childbirth as an alternative to an epidural (a pudendal nerve block is also called a saddle block because the numb areas are where you would be touching a saddle). • PHRENIC NERVE: allows the diaphragm to contract. If it gets severe ...
... • PUDENDAL NERVE: this is the nerve that can be anesthetized during childbirth as an alternative to an epidural (a pudendal nerve block is also called a saddle block because the numb areas are where you would be touching a saddle). • PHRENIC NERVE: allows the diaphragm to contract. If it gets severe ...
Spinal Nerves Posterior View
... • PUDENDAL NERVE: this is the nerve that can be anesthetized during childbirth as an alternative to an epidural (a pudendal nerve block is also called a saddle block because the numb areas are where you would be touching a saddle). • PHRENIC NERVE: allows the diaphragm to contract. If it gets severe ...
... • PUDENDAL NERVE: this is the nerve that can be anesthetized during childbirth as an alternative to an epidural (a pudendal nerve block is also called a saddle block because the numb areas are where you would be touching a saddle). • PHRENIC NERVE: allows the diaphragm to contract. If it gets severe ...
Neurons - LPS.org
... a course in psychology, not biology! In the next two modules, we’ll be covering material that looks suspiciously as though it belongs in a biology textbook. What’s going on? Think of it this way. If your biological being suddenly disappeared, there would be nothing left. Without a body, there could ...
... a course in psychology, not biology! In the next two modules, we’ll be covering material that looks suspiciously as though it belongs in a biology textbook. What’s going on? Think of it this way. If your biological being suddenly disappeared, there would be nothing left. Without a body, there could ...
17 TMJ - student.ahc.umn.edu
... Difference between unipennate, bipennate & multipennate: Muscles with central tendon Muscle fiber bundles attached to one side, two sides or around multiple central tendons ...
... Difference between unipennate, bipennate & multipennate: Muscles with central tendon Muscle fiber bundles attached to one side, two sides or around multiple central tendons ...
PNS: Cranial Nerves
... • Response to unusual stimulus • Takes over to increase activities • Remember as the “____” division • Exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment ...
... • Response to unusual stimulus • Takes over to increase activities • Remember as the “____” division • Exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment ...
Raven Ch
... (EPSP). How would these differ at an inhibitory synapse? Answer— Action potential arrives at the end of the axon. Ca2+ channels open. Ca2+ causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the axon membrane at the synapse. Synaptic vesicles release their neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse acro ...
... (EPSP). How would these differ at an inhibitory synapse? Answer— Action potential arrives at the end of the axon. Ca2+ channels open. Ca2+ causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the axon membrane at the synapse. Synaptic vesicles release their neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse acro ...
01-Spinal Reflexes Student`s Copy
... impulse from one neuron feed back to restimulate itself for long time, this (1) prolongs the response so that it outlives the stimulus for a considerable time . (2) augments ( reinforces ) the response . It eventually stops or wanes out due to fatigue or due to inhibitory impulses from other parts ...
... impulse from one neuron feed back to restimulate itself for long time, this (1) prolongs the response so that it outlives the stimulus for a considerable time . (2) augments ( reinforces ) the response . It eventually stops or wanes out due to fatigue or due to inhibitory impulses from other parts ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... up to 10 times more muscle cells that it did originally, creating a giant motor unit. Therefore, total quantity of muscle fibers that belong to a single motor unit increases, though the number of motor units decrease. Consequently, the twitch tension and action potentials recorded by stimulating a s ...
... up to 10 times more muscle cells that it did originally, creating a giant motor unit. Therefore, total quantity of muscle fibers that belong to a single motor unit increases, though the number of motor units decrease. Consequently, the twitch tension and action potentials recorded by stimulating a s ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.