Accessory muscle in the hypothenar region: a functional approach
... branch of the main trunk of the ulnar nerve. An anomalous muscle with similar origin has been described earlier by Netscher and Cohen (1998) with no indication of the insertion pattern. Wingerter et al. (2003) identified a variant, which inserted similarly to the muscle found here, but originated fro ...
... branch of the main trunk of the ulnar nerve. An anomalous muscle with similar origin has been described earlier by Netscher and Cohen (1998) with no indication of the insertion pattern. Wingerter et al. (2003) identified a variant, which inserted similarly to the muscle found here, but originated fro ...
The Adenosine Story Goes Ionic: CaV2.1
... Ca2+ channels. CaV2.1 channels are involved in controlling vesicular release from presynaptic terminals; therefore, attenuation of neurotransmission at CaV2.1-expressing synapses is an important pathway for sleep induction through adenosine. Voltage-gated, Ca2+-permeable ion channels are found at bo ...
... Ca2+ channels. CaV2.1 channels are involved in controlling vesicular release from presynaptic terminals; therefore, attenuation of neurotransmission at CaV2.1-expressing synapses is an important pathway for sleep induction through adenosine. Voltage-gated, Ca2+-permeable ion channels are found at bo ...
Cholinergic induction of network oscillations at 40 Hz in the
... induced by carbachol was blocked by the muscarinic antagonists atropine (10 mM; n ¼ 8), and pirenzepine (M1-subtype-selective; 10 mM; n ¼ 10; Fig. 1a). The 40-Hz oscillatory activity appeared spontaneously, was continuous over prolonged periods (up to 3 h), and was often nested in theta frequency os ...
... induced by carbachol was blocked by the muscarinic antagonists atropine (10 mM; n ¼ 8), and pirenzepine (M1-subtype-selective; 10 mM; n ¼ 10; Fig. 1a). The 40-Hz oscillatory activity appeared spontaneously, was continuous over prolonged periods (up to 3 h), and was often nested in theta frequency os ...
Cortex Brainstem Spinal Cord Thalamus Cerebellum Basal Ganglia
... Recruitment of muscle fibers proceeds in an orderly fashion. Smaller neurons are recruited first, then larger neurons. Smaller neurons are connected to the slow fatigue resistant fibers and hence slow fibers are activated first. The fast-fatigue resistant fibers are recruited next and finally the fa ...
... Recruitment of muscle fibers proceeds in an orderly fashion. Smaller neurons are recruited first, then larger neurons. Smaller neurons are connected to the slow fatigue resistant fibers and hence slow fibers are activated first. The fast-fatigue resistant fibers are recruited next and finally the fa ...
Lecture 6: Single neuron models
... the mechanisms that generate action potential we understood Neurons integrate inputs (synaptic currents) from other neurons, and when “enough” are received they fire an action potential and reset their membrane voltage ...
... the mechanisms that generate action potential we understood Neurons integrate inputs (synaptic currents) from other neurons, and when “enough” are received they fire an action potential and reset their membrane voltage ...
How does an axon know where to go?
... - Contains several finger-like projections that are called filopodia and sheet-like projections called lamellipodia. - Filopodia and lamellipodia contain actin-filaments. - The growth cone core or central domain contains microtubules, mitochondria and vesicles. ...
... - Contains several finger-like projections that are called filopodia and sheet-like projections called lamellipodia. - Filopodia and lamellipodia contain actin-filaments. - The growth cone core or central domain contains microtubules, mitochondria and vesicles. ...
Glossary OF terms in Spinal Cord Injury Research
... hours during which treatments can be given to prevent progressive or secondary tissue damage. Other investigators may consider the acute period to extend several weeks, during which there may be Wallerian degeneration of spinal tracts that have been cut off from the cell body. The acute period of sp ...
... hours during which treatments can be given to prevent progressive or secondary tissue damage. Other investigators may consider the acute period to extend several weeks, during which there may be Wallerian degeneration of spinal tracts that have been cut off from the cell body. The acute period of sp ...
Sample
... 35) Which of the following cells are important for the immune system reaction to brain damage? A) Schwann cells B) phagocytes C) dendrocytes D) astrocytes E) microglia Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: 27 Objective: Factual LO: 2.2 APA: 1.2 36) The ________ are important for the process of myelination of ...
... 35) Which of the following cells are important for the immune system reaction to brain damage? A) Schwann cells B) phagocytes C) dendrocytes D) astrocytes E) microglia Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: 27 Objective: Factual LO: 2.2 APA: 1.2 36) The ________ are important for the process of myelination of ...
nervous system text b - powerpoint presentation
... A. Axons are myelinated by the activities of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. B. Perhaps the most important reason for this is that myelination allows for higher velocities of nervous impulse or action potential conduction. C. Action ...
... A. Axons are myelinated by the activities of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. B. Perhaps the most important reason for this is that myelination allows for higher velocities of nervous impulse or action potential conduction. C. Action ...
PNS and Reflexes
... Motor – innervates part of the tongue and pharynx, and provides motor fibers to the parotid salivary gland Sensory – fibers conduct taste and general sensory impulses from the tongue and pharynx ...
... Motor – innervates part of the tongue and pharynx, and provides motor fibers to the parotid salivary gland Sensory – fibers conduct taste and general sensory impulses from the tongue and pharynx ...
Chapter 3
... • The classes of sensory modalities are general senses and special senses. – The general senses include both somatic and visceral senses, which provide information about conditions within internal organs. – The special senses include the modalities of smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium. ...
... • The classes of sensory modalities are general senses and special senses. – The general senses include both somatic and visceral senses, which provide information about conditions within internal organs. – The special senses include the modalities of smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium. ...
Neurochemistry of Dementias
... The effect on the postsynaptic cell depends on the properties of those receptors ...
... The effect on the postsynaptic cell depends on the properties of those receptors ...
The Late Effects of Polio - Polio Outreach of Washington
... with accompanying atrophy of a particular muscle group. And no amount of rest will reverse the weakness. It appears, once again, that the overburdened motor unit is the common problem. The variables appear to be the intensity of work of work imposed on a particular muscle group by the function requ ...
... with accompanying atrophy of a particular muscle group. And no amount of rest will reverse the weakness. It appears, once again, that the overburdened motor unit is the common problem. The variables appear to be the intensity of work of work imposed on a particular muscle group by the function requ ...
Anatomy Review - Interactive Physiology
... 11. (Page 8.) What is the relationship between the length of an axon and the size of its cell body? 12. (Page 9.) Label the diagram on p. 9. 13. (Page 9.) What terms are used for the following? a. The region of the cell body that the axon arises from. b. Branches of axons. c. Profuse branches at th ...
... 11. (Page 8.) What is the relationship between the length of an axon and the size of its cell body? 12. (Page 9.) Label the diagram on p. 9. 13. (Page 9.) What terms are used for the following? a. The region of the cell body that the axon arises from. b. Branches of axons. c. Profuse branches at th ...
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
... 11. In general, the longest axons are associated with the largest cell bodies. 12. Left side of page from top to bottom: axon hillock, axon collaterals. Right side of page: axon terminals. 13. a. axon hillock b. axon collaterals c. axon terminals 14. The action potential is generated at the axon hil ...
... 11. In general, the longest axons are associated with the largest cell bodies. 12. Left side of page from top to bottom: axon hillock, axon collaterals. Right side of page: axon terminals. 13. a. axon hillock b. axon collaterals c. axon terminals 14. The action potential is generated at the axon hil ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals which transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse.[1] Neurotransmitters are packaged into synaptic vesicles clustered beneath the membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind t ...
... Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals which transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse.[1] Neurotransmitters are packaged into synaptic vesicles clustered beneath the membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind t ...
Electrical Activity of a Membrane Resting Potential
... • Voltage-Sensitive Ion Channels – Gated protein channel that opens or closes only at specific membrane voltages – Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) – Closed at membrane’s resting potential – Na+ channels are more sensitive than K+ channels and therefore open sooner ...
... • Voltage-Sensitive Ion Channels – Gated protein channel that opens or closes only at specific membrane voltages – Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) – Closed at membrane’s resting potential – Na+ channels are more sensitive than K+ channels and therefore open sooner ...
Post-pubertal Emergence of Prefrontal Cortical Up
... D1 + NMDA-induced membrane potential oscillations could reflect activity of a local neural network impinging on the recorded neuron. Holding the membrane potential to its baseline value failed to block plateau depolarizations induced by D1--NMDA in six of six cells tested (Fig. 4a), suggesting that v ...
... D1 + NMDA-induced membrane potential oscillations could reflect activity of a local neural network impinging on the recorded neuron. Holding the membrane potential to its baseline value failed to block plateau depolarizations induced by D1--NMDA in six of six cells tested (Fig. 4a), suggesting that v ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – PARASYMPATHETIC
... X (Vagus n) – visceral organs of thorax & abdomen: • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate ...
... X (Vagus n) – visceral organs of thorax & abdomen: • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – PARASYMPATHETIC
... X (Vagus n) – visceral organs of thorax & abdomen: • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate • Causes bronchial constriction Sacral outflow (S2-4): form pelvic splanchnic nerves ...
... X (Vagus n) – visceral organs of thorax & abdomen: • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate • Causes bronchial constriction Sacral outflow (S2-4): form pelvic splanchnic nerves ...
Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System and reflexes
... by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn ...
... by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn ...
Muscle Contraction
... a. Function: forms complex plans according to individual’s intention and communicates with the middle level via “command neurons.” b. Structures: areas involved with memory and emotions, supplementary motor area, and association cortex. All these structures receive and correlate input from many othe ...
... a. Function: forms complex plans according to individual’s intention and communicates with the middle level via “command neurons.” b. Structures: areas involved with memory and emotions, supplementary motor area, and association cortex. All these structures receive and correlate input from many othe ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.