Nervous Tissue
... The axon propagates nerve impulses toward another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland cell. Long, thin, cylindrical projection that often joins the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock (= small hill). The part of the axon closest to the hillock is the initial ...
... The axon propagates nerve impulses toward another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland cell. Long, thin, cylindrical projection that often joins the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock (= small hill). The part of the axon closest to the hillock is the initial ...
On the basis of animal function
... Recitation question and Lab # 01 The main “punch-line” for this question is that there is not a single best answer, but just the one you understood the better. Better answers will be correlated with a better understanding of the background information on which the topic material is based. The next s ...
... Recitation question and Lab # 01 The main “punch-line” for this question is that there is not a single best answer, but just the one you understood the better. Better answers will be correlated with a better understanding of the background information on which the topic material is based. The next s ...
Somatosensory system
... neurons.These carry impulses back to the same muscle causing it to contract. The leg straightens. 2. Some of the branches of the I-a axons synapse with inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord. These, in turn, synapse with motor neurons leading back to the antagonistic muscle, a flexor in the back ...
... neurons.These carry impulses back to the same muscle causing it to contract. The leg straightens. 2. Some of the branches of the I-a axons synapse with inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord. These, in turn, synapse with motor neurons leading back to the antagonistic muscle, a flexor in the back ...
On the Role of Biophysical Properties of Cortical Neurons in Binding
... Martin, & Suarez, 1995; Somers, Nelson, & Sur, 1995), the input was preprocessed to reect the distribution of local features in the visual scene. In the simulations described below each population is mapped onto an idealized cross-section through an ice cube model (Hubel & Wiesel, 1998). Thus, one ...
... Martin, & Suarez, 1995; Somers, Nelson, & Sur, 1995), the input was preprocessed to reect the distribution of local features in the visual scene. In the simulations described below each population is mapped onto an idealized cross-section through an ice cube model (Hubel & Wiesel, 1998). Thus, one ...
Motor System & Behavior
... action potential. The inputs are not only from the cortex, but also from the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The striatum’s dopamine receptors are both of excitatory D1 and inhibitory D2 types, which selects for the balance between the motion starting the direct and indir ...
... action potential. The inputs are not only from the cortex, but also from the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The striatum’s dopamine receptors are both of excitatory D1 and inhibitory D2 types, which selects for the balance between the motion starting the direct and indir ...
Chapter 14 - apsubiology.org
... Muscarinic Receptors Muscarinic receptors occur on all effector cells stimulated by parasympathetic cholinergic fibers and by those few effectors stimulated by sympathetic cholinergic fibers The effect of ACh binding at muscarinic receptors: Can be either inhibitory or excitatory Depends on the ...
... Muscarinic Receptors Muscarinic receptors occur on all effector cells stimulated by parasympathetic cholinergic fibers and by those few effectors stimulated by sympathetic cholinergic fibers The effect of ACh binding at muscarinic receptors: Can be either inhibitory or excitatory Depends on the ...
Level 3 Pharmaceutical Science
... 3.2.1 The Sympathetic System In very general terms the sympathetic system gets the body ready to fight or run. The parasympathetic system is peaceful and calming. Let's look at some of the effects and I'll tell you how I remember them. The sympathetic system is easier to remember if you think of a c ...
... 3.2.1 The Sympathetic System In very general terms the sympathetic system gets the body ready to fight or run. The parasympathetic system is peaceful and calming. Let's look at some of the effects and I'll tell you how I remember them. The sympathetic system is easier to remember if you think of a c ...
4-22-05
... – More common than electrical synapses. – Postsynaptic chemically-gated channels exist for ions such as Na+, K+, and Cl-. • Depending on which gates open the postsynaptic neuron can depolarize or hyperpolarize. ...
... – More common than electrical synapses. – Postsynaptic chemically-gated channels exist for ions such as Na+, K+, and Cl-. • Depending on which gates open the postsynaptic neuron can depolarize or hyperpolarize. ...
The Plasticity of Denervated and Reinnervated Laryngeal
... Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(9):1070-1082. doi:10.1001/archotol.130.9.1070 ...
... Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(9):1070-1082. doi:10.1001/archotol.130.9.1070 ...
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels
... • Cav1 = initiate contraction, secretion, and regulation of gene expression, integration of synaptic input in neurons, and synaptic transmission at ribbon synapses of specialized sensory cells • Cav2 = synaptic transmission of fast synapses • Cav3 = important for repetitive or rhythmic firing of Aps ...
... • Cav1 = initiate contraction, secretion, and regulation of gene expression, integration of synaptic input in neurons, and synaptic transmission at ribbon synapses of specialized sensory cells • Cav2 = synaptic transmission of fast synapses • Cav3 = important for repetitive or rhythmic firing of Aps ...
Slide 1
... and proximal apical/basal dendrites (green) receive separate synaptic inputs in a variety of types of pyramidal cells. (B) Summation of inputs onto a single dendritic branch (but not between branches) leads to a dendritic spike that remains below threshold for an action potential at the soma. It has ...
... and proximal apical/basal dendrites (green) receive separate synaptic inputs in a variety of types of pyramidal cells. (B) Summation of inputs onto a single dendritic branch (but not between branches) leads to a dendritic spike that remains below threshold for an action potential at the soma. It has ...
PNS
... • Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies, as formulated by Johannus Müller, says that, although a sense organ may be sensitive to many forms of stimulus energy other than its real stimulus (called the adequate stimulus), the sensation evoked is always like that associated with the adequate stimulus, no ...
... • Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies, as formulated by Johannus Müller, says that, although a sense organ may be sensitive to many forms of stimulus energy other than its real stimulus (called the adequate stimulus), the sensation evoked is always like that associated with the adequate stimulus, no ...
Linear associator
... towards understanding how the associations are formed, how overlapping patterns of activity can recall non-overlapping associations, and how single patterns of activity can recall multiple memories. As you are working, try to keep these concepts in an applied frame of mind, thinking of ways in which ...
... towards understanding how the associations are formed, how overlapping patterns of activity can recall non-overlapping associations, and how single patterns of activity can recall multiple memories. As you are working, try to keep these concepts in an applied frame of mind, thinking of ways in which ...
Transcripts/2_9 2
... a. One of the aspects of a stimulus in most of the sensory systems is knowing where it came from, location b. Receptors and the neurons they are connected with have a receptive field, a particular area in the periphery where application of a stimulus will cause the cell to respond c. Cell body of a ...
... a. One of the aspects of a stimulus in most of the sensory systems is knowing where it came from, location b. Receptors and the neurons they are connected with have a receptive field, a particular area in the periphery where application of a stimulus will cause the cell to respond c. Cell body of a ...
Axon Terminal Polarization Induced by Weak Uniform
... NMO_01112). In all cases, 1 V/m uniform electric fields were applied through the built-in function e_extracellular(x), assuming the conductivity of the medium was constant over the extracellular space. The following passive properties were added to each neuron uniformly: an internal resistance, Ri, ...
... NMO_01112). In all cases, 1 V/m uniform electric fields were applied through the built-in function e_extracellular(x), assuming the conductivity of the medium was constant over the extracellular space. The following passive properties were added to each neuron uniformly: an internal resistance, Ri, ...
Lecture #1 - University of Utah
... Function: Selective inhibition (specific to particular terminal) Mech. : Reduces Ca+2 influx less transmitter released by: A) Decrease Voltage sens of Ca+2 channels B) Increased Cl- g ; decreases Depol. Of terminal (short circuit shunt) *GABA: can produce both types of Presynaptic inhibition & Pos ...
... Function: Selective inhibition (specific to particular terminal) Mech. : Reduces Ca+2 influx less transmitter released by: A) Decrease Voltage sens of Ca+2 channels B) Increased Cl- g ; decreases Depol. Of terminal (short circuit shunt) *GABA: can produce both types of Presynaptic inhibition & Pos ...
Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... • Sensory neurons carry nerve impulses from sense organs and internal organs to the central nervous system. • Motor neurons carry nerve impulses from the central nervous system to organs, glands, and muscles—the ...
... • Sensory neurons carry nerve impulses from sense organs and internal organs to the central nervous system. • Motor neurons carry nerve impulses from the central nervous system to organs, glands, and muscles—the ...
the autonomic nervous system
... Somatic Motor Pathway – Cell bodies are in the CNS and their axons extend from the CNS to skeletal muscle. Autonomic Motor Pathways – Consist of sets of two motor (efferent) neurons in series (one following the other). ...
... Somatic Motor Pathway – Cell bodies are in the CNS and their axons extend from the CNS to skeletal muscle. Autonomic Motor Pathways – Consist of sets of two motor (efferent) neurons in series (one following the other). ...
The Nervous System
... bring information to the cell body. There can be many dendrites, with the branches providing many avenues for incoming impulses. The single axon routes the nerve impulse from the cell body to another neuron or an effector organ. The axon can have terminal branches, so each time the nerve fires, it c ...
... bring information to the cell body. There can be many dendrites, with the branches providing many avenues for incoming impulses. The single axon routes the nerve impulse from the cell body to another neuron or an effector organ. The axon can have terminal branches, so each time the nerve fires, it c ...
Ramón y Cajal, 19 th century
... Neuronal activity changes the intracellular calcium. Via changes in intra-cellular calcium, neurons change their morphology with respect to their axonal and dendritic shape. This leads to changes in neuronal connectivity which, in turn, adapts neuronal activity. The goal is that by these changes neu ...
... Neuronal activity changes the intracellular calcium. Via changes in intra-cellular calcium, neurons change their morphology with respect to their axonal and dendritic shape. This leads to changes in neuronal connectivity which, in turn, adapts neuronal activity. The goal is that by these changes neu ...
MyoTrac Single Channel Biofeedback
... What is Biofeedback? Classic Biofeedback training techniques have been widely used for neuromuscular re-education and relaxation for many years. Biofeedback electrode placed over a muscle that the patient attempts to activate picks up the EMG signal. The patient then gets an auditory or visual feedb ...
... What is Biofeedback? Classic Biofeedback training techniques have been widely used for neuromuscular re-education and relaxation for many years. Biofeedback electrode placed over a muscle that the patient attempts to activate picks up the EMG signal. The patient then gets an auditory or visual feedb ...
11 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... receptor and acts through an intracellular second messenger • Promotes long-lasting effects • Examples: biogenic amines, neuropeptides, and dissolved gases ...
... receptor and acts through an intracellular second messenger • Promotes long-lasting effects • Examples: biogenic amines, neuropeptides, and dissolved gases ...
Chapter 15: Sense Organs
... Light Rays Enter the Eye More Divergent when Viewing Near Objects as Opposed to Parallel when Viewing Far Objects Means Light Rays Must be More Acutely Bent in Order to get them Focused on the Retina ...
... Light Rays Enter the Eye More Divergent when Viewing Near Objects as Opposed to Parallel when Viewing Far Objects Means Light Rays Must be More Acutely Bent in Order to get them Focused on the Retina ...
Chapter 15: Sense Organs I. SENSORY RECEPTORS (Receptors)
... Light Rays Enter the Eye More Divergent when Viewing Near Objects as Opposed to Parallel when Viewing Far Objects Means Light Rays Must be More Acutely Bent in Order to get them Focused on the Retina ...
... Light Rays Enter the Eye More Divergent when Viewing Near Objects as Opposed to Parallel when Viewing Far Objects Means Light Rays Must be More Acutely Bent in Order to get them Focused on the Retina ...
CH 8 Nervous System - Belle Vernon Area School District
... B. influences emotions, motivation and mood. C. is functionally associated with the hypothalamus. D. initiates responses necessary for survival, such as hunger and thirst. E. has all of these properties. ...
... B. influences emotions, motivation and mood. C. is functionally associated with the hypothalamus. D. initiates responses necessary for survival, such as hunger and thirst. E. has all of these properties. ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.