aud
... The auditory system can be divided into three major functional subsystems: the conductive mechanism, the sensorineural mechanism, and the central auditory system (see Figure 4-1). In terms of anatomical structures, the conductive mechanism consists of the pinna, the ear canal (also known as the exte ...
... The auditory system can be divided into three major functional subsystems: the conductive mechanism, the sensorineural mechanism, and the central auditory system (see Figure 4-1). In terms of anatomical structures, the conductive mechanism consists of the pinna, the ear canal (also known as the exte ...
Dense Core Vesicle Release: Controlling the Where as
... provide a very useful tool for researchers to observe peptide release from cells. In the CaMKII mutants Hoover et al. (2014) observed an increased level of DCV release compared to that in wild-type animals. The conclusion was that the reason the DCVs were missing from the motor neurons in the CaMKII ...
... provide a very useful tool for researchers to observe peptide release from cells. In the CaMKII mutants Hoover et al. (2014) observed an increased level of DCV release compared to that in wild-type animals. The conclusion was that the reason the DCVs were missing from the motor neurons in the CaMKII ...
7. Nervous Tissue, Overview of the Nervous System.
... produce a number of substances to be transported; and generation of electrical activity is an energy-intensive affair. The nucleus of a neuron is euchromatic, with a prominent nucleolus. In keeping with the activities, the cytoplasm is rich in ribosomes and rER. These organelles fill up almost all t ...
... produce a number of substances to be transported; and generation of electrical activity is an energy-intensive affair. The nucleus of a neuron is euchromatic, with a prominent nucleolus. In keeping with the activities, the cytoplasm is rich in ribosomes and rER. These organelles fill up almost all t ...
Auditory physiology chapter
... The auditory system can be divided into three major functional subsystems: the conductive mechanism, the sensorineural mechanism, and the central auditory system (see Figure 4-1). In terms of anatomical structures, the conductive mechanism consists of the pinna, the ear canal (also known as the exte ...
... The auditory system can be divided into three major functional subsystems: the conductive mechanism, the sensorineural mechanism, and the central auditory system (see Figure 4-1). In terms of anatomical structures, the conductive mechanism consists of the pinna, the ear canal (also known as the exte ...
Sense Organs - mohamadtermos
... Your taste buds have receptors for different kinds of chemicals: sugar, salt, sours, and bitters. This diagram shows how a sugar molecule can enter a taste bud and bind to an ion channel in the membrane of a receptor cell. The receptor cell then sends neurotransmitters to activate the sensory neuron ...
... Your taste buds have receptors for different kinds of chemicals: sugar, salt, sours, and bitters. This diagram shows how a sugar molecule can enter a taste bud and bind to an ion channel in the membrane of a receptor cell. The receptor cell then sends neurotransmitters to activate the sensory neuron ...
Irregular persistent activity induced by synaptic excitatory feedback
... Brunel and Wang, 2001), though not very robustly. However, these models do not account for the high irregularity shown in the experiments. While high irregularity can be obtained robustly in the baseline period, provided inhibition is sufficiently strong, because neurons receive synaptic inputs that ...
... Brunel and Wang, 2001), though not very robustly. However, these models do not account for the high irregularity shown in the experiments. While high irregularity can be obtained robustly in the baseline period, provided inhibition is sufficiently strong, because neurons receive synaptic inputs that ...
Synaptic Depression and the Temporal Response Characteristics of
... bottom, where values 2.4 and 10 times larger were used to compensate for the increased degree of depression). For the directionally selective model (see Fig. 3A), the nondepressing excitatory synapses had gj % 0.0075, and the nondepressing inhibitory synapses had gj % 0.002. For the depressing synap ...
... bottom, where values 2.4 and 10 times larger were used to compensate for the increased degree of depression). For the directionally selective model (see Fig. 3A), the nondepressing excitatory synapses had gj % 0.0075, and the nondepressing inhibitory synapses had gj % 0.002. For the depressing synap ...
Synaptic Depression and the Temporal Response Characteristics of
... bottom, where values 2.4 and 10 times larger were used to compensate for the increased degree of depression). For the directionally selective model (see Fig. 3A), the nondepressing excitatory synapses had gj 5 0.0075, and the nondepressing inhibitory synapses had gj 5 0.002. For the depressing synap ...
... bottom, where values 2.4 and 10 times larger were used to compensate for the increased degree of depression). For the directionally selective model (see Fig. 3A), the nondepressing excitatory synapses had gj 5 0.0075, and the nondepressing inhibitory synapses had gj 5 0.002. For the depressing synap ...
of 17 Keywords A-waves Sometimes called Axon
... When a stimulus is applied repeatedly a decreased amplitude of a reflex response can occur. ...
... When a stimulus is applied repeatedly a decreased amplitude of a reflex response can occur. ...
central effects of centripetal impulses in axons of spinal ventral roots
... prolonged bursts of action potentials, which are believed to originate in interneurons of the ventral horn. Although has not been exthis activity haustively investigated, information concerning it is presented at this time because of its possible importance in the economy of the ventral gray matter ...
... prolonged bursts of action potentials, which are believed to originate in interneurons of the ventral horn. Although has not been exthis activity haustively investigated, information concerning it is presented at this time because of its possible importance in the economy of the ventral gray matter ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... data indicate that the slices used here likely included primary auditory cortex. However, the slices certainly included nonprimary auditory cortex as well. These areas abut primary cortex on ventral and caudal sides (and may completely surround primary cortex; Scheel 1988), and receive projections f ...
... data indicate that the slices used here likely included primary auditory cortex. However, the slices certainly included nonprimary auditory cortex as well. These areas abut primary cortex on ventral and caudal sides (and may completely surround primary cortex; Scheel 1988), and receive projections f ...
TESIS DOCTORAL Dynamics and Synchronization in Neuronal Models
... century with his neuron doctrine. Ramon y Cajal broke down the widely believed concept that the nervous system was a reticulum or a continuum meshwork. Using a histological staining technique, Cajal could resolve in detail the structure and concluded that the nervous system was composed of individua ...
... century with his neuron doctrine. Ramon y Cajal broke down the widely believed concept that the nervous system was a reticulum or a continuum meshwork. Using a histological staining technique, Cajal could resolve in detail the structure and concluded that the nervous system was composed of individua ...
2-L2 new chronic pain
... more of the underlying nerve fibers are brought to action potential, and subsequently more muscle fiber action potentials are generated. ...
... more of the underlying nerve fibers are brought to action potential, and subsequently more muscle fiber action potentials are generated. ...
Spinal Sensorimotor System: An Overview
... application area of the design of PCNNs for handling large amounts of incoming sensory data and responding to this data in real time with a large number of responding outputs. The biological SSMS has all three of these elements in spades, and has an obvious lead-in to the bipedal locomotion applicat ...
... application area of the design of PCNNs for handling large amounts of incoming sensory data and responding to this data in real time with a large number of responding outputs. The biological SSMS has all three of these elements in spades, and has an obvious lead-in to the bipedal locomotion applicat ...
Potassium Currents Responsible for Inward and Outward
... by TEA (25 mM), a blocker of the slow, noninactivating K’ current. Collectively, these results indicate that all three depolarization-activated K’ currents contribute to outward rectification at different times and membrane potentials defined by their voltage dependence of activation and kinetics of ...
... by TEA (25 mM), a blocker of the slow, noninactivating K’ current. Collectively, these results indicate that all three depolarization-activated K’ currents contribute to outward rectification at different times and membrane potentials defined by their voltage dependence of activation and kinetics of ...
Neurotransmitter Transporters
... release of a chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, that carries the information between cells. In order for synapses to be effective at repeated signalling, neurotransmitters must be transient signals, otherwise they would accumulate in the extracellular space and activate receptors continuously. ...
... release of a chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, that carries the information between cells. In order for synapses to be effective at repeated signalling, neurotransmitters must be transient signals, otherwise they would accumulate in the extracellular space and activate receptors continuously. ...
doc GIT
... Corresponds anatomically to the terminal 4 cm of the esophagus. Not an anatomically distinct region (hardly recognizable anatomically) Functionnaly imp. b/c it allows a pH gradient of 5 units (esophagus = 7 and stomach = 2). It is contracted tighly, preventing reflux of gastric contents. The closure ...
... Corresponds anatomically to the terminal 4 cm of the esophagus. Not an anatomically distinct region (hardly recognizable anatomically) Functionnaly imp. b/c it allows a pH gradient of 5 units (esophagus = 7 and stomach = 2). It is contracted tighly, preventing reflux of gastric contents. The closure ...
Vestibular System
... stereocilia protrude into an overlaying membranes. Membrane movement results in deflection of stereocilia. Deflection toward the kinocilium mechanically opens ion channels. This allows potassium ions to flow from the endolymph into the hair cell thus depolarizing the receptor cell membrane. This dep ...
... stereocilia protrude into an overlaying membranes. Membrane movement results in deflection of stereocilia. Deflection toward the kinocilium mechanically opens ion channels. This allows potassium ions to flow from the endolymph into the hair cell thus depolarizing the receptor cell membrane. This dep ...
Motor Threshold - McCausland Center For Brain Imaging
... stimulation is often referred to as % of Motor Threshold (MT). MT is a patient specific value for each subject or patient which is demined before the TMS session. When a magnetic coil is discharged over the motor cortex and the discharge energy is over threshold value neurons are activated and the t ...
... stimulation is often referred to as % of Motor Threshold (MT). MT is a patient specific value for each subject or patient which is demined before the TMS session. When a magnetic coil is discharged over the motor cortex and the discharge energy is over threshold value neurons are activated and the t ...
Motor Threshold - McCausland Center | Brain Imaging
... stimulation is often referred to as % of Motor Threshold (MT). MT is a patient specific value for each subject or patient which is demined before the TMS session. When a magnetic coil is discharged over the motor cortex and the discharge energy is over threshold value neurons are activated and the t ...
... stimulation is often referred to as % of Motor Threshold (MT). MT is a patient specific value for each subject or patient which is demined before the TMS session. When a magnetic coil is discharged over the motor cortex and the discharge energy is over threshold value neurons are activated and the t ...
Coding Rate and Duration of Vocalizations of the Frog, Xenopus laevis
... expressed NMDARs, we first applied 1 M tetrodotoxin (TTX) (SigmaAldrich) to block all spike-mediated synaptic transmission. The effectiveness of TTX treatment was confirmed when action potentials could no longer be produced by either the FTNs or vocal motoneurons (determined by the loss of activity ...
... expressed NMDARs, we first applied 1 M tetrodotoxin (TTX) (SigmaAldrich) to block all spike-mediated synaptic transmission. The effectiveness of TTX treatment was confirmed when action potentials could no longer be produced by either the FTNs or vocal motoneurons (determined by the loss of activity ...
Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron
... and action potentials of u simulated neuron performing temporal integration of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs). The input is simulated on average as a balanced distribution of excitatory ond inhibitov PSPs(uniform distribution with a range of 35 PSPs;PSPmagnitude, 0.25 mV; resting potential, -70 mV; ...
... and action potentials of u simulated neuron performing temporal integration of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs). The input is simulated on average as a balanced distribution of excitatory ond inhibitov PSPs(uniform distribution with a range of 35 PSPs;PSPmagnitude, 0.25 mV; resting potential, -70 mV; ...
Soghomonian J.J., Sethares C., and Peters, A
... Author Manuscript Neuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 June 16. ...
... Author Manuscript Neuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 June 16. ...
Synaptic Transmission between Dorsal Root Ganglion and Dorsal
... mediated by L-glutamate or by compounds with similar postsynaptic actions. lontophoretic and pressure applications of L-glutamate depolarize the majority of mammalian spinal neurons in vivo and in vitro (Ransom et al., 1977b; Watkins and Evans, 1981; Salt and Hill, 1983) with a reversal potential (M ...
... mediated by L-glutamate or by compounds with similar postsynaptic actions. lontophoretic and pressure applications of L-glutamate depolarize the majority of mammalian spinal neurons in vivo and in vitro (Ransom et al., 1977b; Watkins and Evans, 1981; Salt and Hill, 1983) with a reversal potential (M ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.