• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
FM11 Ch 19 Instructors Manual
FM11 Ch 19 Instructors Manual

... proceeds to repurchase one of its existing high coupon rate debt issues. Often these are callable issues, which means the company can purchase the debt at a lower-thanmarket price. Project financings are arrangements used to finance mainly large capital projects such as energy explorations, oil tank ...
Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing (QQE)
Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing (QQE)

Supply of loanable funds
Supply of loanable funds

Document
Document

required rate of return2
required rate of return2

... – The cost of debt for a company is primarily determined by its default risk, in addition to the risk-free rate (the higher the riskfree rate is, the higher is the cost of debt) and the tax advantage associated with debt (the higher is the firm’s marginal tax rate, the greater the tax benefits assoc ...
Module 23 The Definition and Measurement of Money
Module 23 The Definition and Measurement of Money

... because many prisoners smoked. Gold was valuable because it was used for jewelry and ornamentation, aside from the fact that it was minted into coins. By 1776, the year in which the United States declared its independence and Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations, there was widespread use of pa ...
click here [1] - University of Kent
click here [1] - University of Kent

payment holiday - BondPlus Online
payment holiday - BondPlus Online

... The Three Month Payment Holiday allows customers to skip from between 1 to 3 months consecutive repayments The additional funds will enable them to use the funds for an emergency, furnish their new home or use it for a holiday over the festive period. Example : Registration of a bond usually takes b ...
Victoria Chemicals plc The Merseyside Project A CASE STUDY
Victoria Chemicals plc The Merseyside Project A CASE STUDY

... operation. Besides, the risks of the two projects are different and should use different cost of capital. ...
RTF 80kB - Commonwealth Grants Commission
RTF 80kB - Commonwealth Grants Commission

... If the intention were to consider needs relating to net worth/financial capital ie for earnings on net worth not to be treated as EPC, SA would suggest that the valuation gains which give rise to net worth over and above the accumulation of net operating surpluses, which tend to be greater in higher ...
Insurance Risk Management at Life Insurers: Dynamically Managing
Insurance Risk Management at Life Insurers: Dynamically Managing

... assets in order to pay off cash withdrawals from the general accounts. As noted in one recent report published by Bridgewater Associates,1 in the early 1980s, policy lending had reached 9.3 percent. In the same period, policy surrenders had reached 12.3 percent (compared with 6.7 percent in 2007). W ...
Economics Principles and Applications
Economics Principles and Applications

Chapter 05 PPT
Chapter 05 PPT

Chapter 9
Chapter 9

... should sell futures contracts. If cash rates do rise and the bank has to borrow at higher rates on each funding date, the short futures positions should likely increase in value. d. Cash risk: the bank will have funds to invest in 3 months and loses if rates fall before then; it should buy a futures ...
幻灯片 1
幻灯片 1

... services to a customer. For instance wages must be paid; there are bills for electricity, rates, telephone and taxes to be paid. These result in some spending of the money (cash payments) that was received from revenue (sales).  Accountants also recognise expenses that are not cash payments. Under ...
svcrproc10
svcrproc10

Interest Rate Swap
Interest Rate Swap

... ● They allow to hedge the company against adverse interest rate movements, but to benefit from good movements ● But these are options: they have a price! ■ Products directly linked to swap rates: CMS floor or cap ● CMS floor: contract in which the company will receive on a regular basis ...
Lecture III The Keynesian Model and the IS
Lecture III The Keynesian Model and the IS

... with aggregate demand and supply. This range corresponds perfectly to the Phillips Curve. As AS increases in response to the outward shift in demand, prices rise as Y increases, ie unemployment decreases. This is the Phillips Curve. So the publication of Phillips' article gave a story for Keynesians ...
Decoupling at the Margin - Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research
Decoupling at the Margin - Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research

... determined by the actions of decision makers who are at a corner solution. A second example: Within the past year, in the USA, an unusually wide spread has opened up between the interest rate on long-term US Treasury securities and interest rates on similar instruments like high-grade corporate bond ...
Exam questions
Exam questions

Absolute Value
Absolute Value

investing
investing

PRESS RELEASE July 25, 2011 The Bank of Israel leaves the
PRESS RELEASE July 25, 2011 The Bank of Israel leaves the

... 0.3 percent in February–April compared with the previous three months. The number of vacancies increased by 8 percent in the second quarter––after remaining stable in the first quarter––although in June the seasonally adjusted figure showed a decrease. The nominal wage increased in February–April by ...
Chapter 10
Chapter 10

... were very low at a time when the country was experiencing high inflation. So savers didn’t want to save by putting money in a bank, fearing that much of their purchasing power would be eroded by rising prices. Instead, they engaged in current consumption by spending their money on goods and services ...
Assignment 6 - cloudfront.net
Assignment 6 - cloudfront.net

... minutes to free write about any thoughts, feelings, and experiences they have pertaining to the clip. Ask if anyone would like to share what they wrote, then discuss. ...
< 1 ... 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 ... 178 >

Present value

In economics, present value, also known as present discounted value, is the value of an expected income stream determined as of the date of valuation. The present value is always less than or equal to the future value because money has interest-earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of money, except during times of negative interest rates, when the present value will be greater than the future value. Time value can be described with the simplified phrase, “A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow”. Here, 'worth more' means that its value is greater. A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow because the dollar can be invested and earn a day's worth of interest, making the total accumulate to a value more than a dollar by tomorrow. Interest can be compared to rent. Just as rent is paid to a landlord by a tenant, without the ownership of the asset being transferred, interest is paid to a lender by a borrower who gains access to the money for a time before paying it back. By letting the borrower have access to the money, the lender has sacrificed the exchange value of this money, and is compensated for it in the form of interest. The initial amount of the borrowed funds (the present value) is less than the total amount of money paid to the lender.Present value calculations, and similarly future value calculations, are used to value loans, mortgages, annuities, sinking funds, perpetuities, bonds, and more. These calculations are used to make comparisons between cash flows that don’t occur at simultaneous times. The idea is much like algebra, where variable units must be consistent in order to compare or carry out addition and subtraction; time dates must be consistent in order to make comparisons between values or carry out simple calculations. When deciding between projects in which to invest, the choice can be made by comparing respective present values of such projects by means of discounting the expected income streams at the corresponding project interest rate, or rate of return. The project with the highest present value, i.e. that is most valuable today, should be chosen.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report