Diversity of reporter expression patterns in transgenic mouse lines
... physiological and pathological phenomena (21). These include stress-related anxiety (22), memory problems (23, 24), addiction-relapse (25, 26), PTSD (22), and potentially other stress-associated conditions such as anhedonia and anorexia nervosa. Accurate interpretation of studies using cell type-spe ...
... physiological and pathological phenomena (21). These include stress-related anxiety (22), memory problems (23, 24), addiction-relapse (25, 26), PTSD (22), and potentially other stress-associated conditions such as anhedonia and anorexia nervosa. Accurate interpretation of studies using cell type-spe ...
the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... system (CNS) (43; 115) and particular peripheral tissues including muscles (128), adipose (197), and liver (38). As a result, both proteins are widely distributed throughout the nervous system(43; 217) while, at the cellular level, BDNF and its receptors, TrkB and p75, can be located in both the axo ...
... system (CNS) (43; 115) and particular peripheral tissues including muscles (128), adipose (197), and liver (38). As a result, both proteins are widely distributed throughout the nervous system(43; 217) while, at the cellular level, BDNF and its receptors, TrkB and p75, can be located in both the axo ...
Material and methods - HAL
... deserves attention. In agreement, histamine neuron activity seems to be enhanced in both rodent models of schizophrenia (changes elicited by dopamine-releasing or glutamateblocking drugs) of the human disease. A single administration of methamphetamine markedly increases tele-methylhistamine (t-MeHA ...
... deserves attention. In agreement, histamine neuron activity seems to be enhanced in both rodent models of schizophrenia (changes elicited by dopamine-releasing or glutamateblocking drugs) of the human disease. A single administration of methamphetamine markedly increases tele-methylhistamine (t-MeHA ...
Chapter 2 Reivew of Lierature
... levorotatory isomer of nicotine, which is a tertiary amine in nature and constitutes main component of tobacco smoke. Nicotine can easily cross blood brain barrier and cell membrane at physiological pH due to its basic nature. Nicotine acts as an agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs ...
... levorotatory isomer of nicotine, which is a tertiary amine in nature and constitutes main component of tobacco smoke. Nicotine can easily cross blood brain barrier and cell membrane at physiological pH due to its basic nature. Nicotine acts as an agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs ...
Molecular Neurobiology - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
... endocytosis and total expression of GlyT2 in neurons. This downregulation of GlyT2 also occurs in vivo in two different systems: zebrafish embryos and adult rats, indicating that this NKA-mediated regulatory mechanism is evolutionarily conserved and may play a relevant role in the physiological cont ...
... endocytosis and total expression of GlyT2 in neurons. This downregulation of GlyT2 also occurs in vivo in two different systems: zebrafish embryos and adult rats, indicating that this NKA-mediated regulatory mechanism is evolutionarily conserved and may play a relevant role in the physiological cont ...
Hypothalamus
... One of the principal functions of the hypothalamus is to provide temporal organization to the expression of physiological and behavioural processes. This is accomplished by compact cell groups in the rostral hypothalamus, known as the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). SCN neurons exhibit a genetically d ...
... One of the principal functions of the hypothalamus is to provide temporal organization to the expression of physiological and behavioural processes. This is accomplished by compact cell groups in the rostral hypothalamus, known as the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). SCN neurons exhibit a genetically d ...
Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Guidance in the Mouse Optic Chiasm
... Howard Hughes Medical Institute. We thank Dr. Mary Morrison for critical comments during the course of this work, Drs. Neil Vargesson and Ed Laufer for advice and guidance on in situ hybridization, Dr. Samantha Butler for advice on the collagen gel assay, and Gul Dolan and Richard Blazeski for techn ...
... Howard Hughes Medical Institute. We thank Dr. Mary Morrison for critical comments during the course of this work, Drs. Neil Vargesson and Ed Laufer for advice and guidance on in situ hybridization, Dr. Samantha Butler for advice on the collagen gel assay, and Gul Dolan and Richard Blazeski for techn ...
Simulating Populations of Neurons - Leeds VLE
... an understanding as to how the software NEST used learning rules to simulate different models connected in various networks. Skills and techniques learnt from the Computational Modelling module (COMP5320M) were used to analyse and pre-process data obtained from simulations. This project provided the ...
... an understanding as to how the software NEST used learning rules to simulate different models connected in various networks. Skills and techniques learnt from the Computational Modelling module (COMP5320M) were used to analyse and pre-process data obtained from simulations. This project provided the ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... laterodorsal tegmental nuclei) are involved in the generation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and project rostrally to the thalamus and caudally to the medulla oblongata. A previous report showed that 96 h of REM sleep deprivation in rats induced an increase in the activity of brainstem acetylchol ...
... laterodorsal tegmental nuclei) are involved in the generation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and project rostrally to the thalamus and caudally to the medulla oblongata. A previous report showed that 96 h of REM sleep deprivation in rats induced an increase in the activity of brainstem acetylchol ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Important for the Manifestations ofα
... abnormal UPR that could promote cell death. Induction of ERS/UPR was associated with increased levels of ER/microsomal (ER/M) associated ␣S monomers and aggregates. Significantly, human PD cases also exhibit higher relative levels of ER/M ␣S than the control cases. Moreover, ␣S interacts with ER cha ...
... abnormal UPR that could promote cell death. Induction of ERS/UPR was associated with increased levels of ER/microsomal (ER/M) associated ␣S monomers and aggregates. Significantly, human PD cases also exhibit higher relative levels of ER/M ␣S than the control cases. Moreover, ␣S interacts with ER cha ...
MS-SCI-LS-Unit 4 -- Chapter 15- Nervous System
... body that contains the nucleus, threadlike extensions called dendrites, and an axon. The dendrites carry impulses toward the neuron's cell body. The axon carries impulses away from the cell body. Find the dendrites and axon in Figure 2. Nerve impulses begin in a dendrite, next move toward the cell b ...
... body that contains the nucleus, threadlike extensions called dendrites, and an axon. The dendrites carry impulses toward the neuron's cell body. The axon carries impulses away from the cell body. Find the dendrites and axon in Figure 2. Nerve impulses begin in a dendrite, next move toward the cell b ...
Physiology of Ejaculation
... of the SPFp supraspinally and the spinal LSt cells. These neurons express the neuropeptides galanin and cholecystokinin (CCK) [43, 44]. These galanin-specific nerve fibers have also been found to correlate with ejaculation-associated neurons with strong Fos activity, providing further support for a ...
... of the SPFp supraspinally and the spinal LSt cells. These neurons express the neuropeptides galanin and cholecystokinin (CCK) [43, 44]. These galanin-specific nerve fibers have also been found to correlate with ejaculation-associated neurons with strong Fos activity, providing further support for a ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... time-course of their vestibular compensation. The results show that the monoaminergic changes are different in the two rat strains. In the MVN of albino rats, there was a bilateral increase of MHPG and an ipsilateral increase of dopamine suggesting activation of norepinephrine synthesis and metaboli ...
... time-course of their vestibular compensation. The results show that the monoaminergic changes are different in the two rat strains. In the MVN of albino rats, there was a bilateral increase of MHPG and an ipsilateral increase of dopamine suggesting activation of norepinephrine synthesis and metaboli ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... suggesting that the sympathetic nervous system exerts a tonic inhibition of the endocrine pancreas. Taken together, these findings indicate that the overall effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation is to maintain glycemic levels during stressful conditions by decreasing insulin and increasin ...
... suggesting that the sympathetic nervous system exerts a tonic inhibition of the endocrine pancreas. Taken together, these findings indicate that the overall effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation is to maintain glycemic levels during stressful conditions by decreasing insulin and increasin ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... of the modification of synapses in layer 4, where geniculocortical axons first exert their influence in visual cortex. First visualized as eye-specific stripes in V1, LeVay, Wiesel, and Hubel (1980) showed that the shrinkage and expansion of deprived and nondeprived thalamic afferents in layer 4 app ...
... of the modification of synapses in layer 4, where geniculocortical axons first exert their influence in visual cortex. First visualized as eye-specific stripes in V1, LeVay, Wiesel, and Hubel (1980) showed that the shrinkage and expansion of deprived and nondeprived thalamic afferents in layer 4 app ...
Caudo‐rostral brain spreading of α‐synuclein through vagal
... Bregma levels were visualized at lower (A) and higher (B) magnification. The nucleus ambiguus (arrow) is visible in the section at Bregma 12.00 mm. Higher-magnification images show neuronal bodies and neurites in the DMnX and nucleus ambiguus. Scale bar, 50 mm. C‐E. A representative section of the ...
... Bregma levels were visualized at lower (A) and higher (B) magnification. The nucleus ambiguus (arrow) is visible in the section at Bregma 12.00 mm. Higher-magnification images show neuronal bodies and neurites in the DMnX and nucleus ambiguus. Scale bar, 50 mm. C‐E. A representative section of the ...
Ultrastructure and Function of Cephalopod Chromatophores
... of the skin nerves with single pulses causes twitch-contractions; repetitive stimulation above 6-10 pulses/sec gives rise to a tetanus. Not. all the muscle fibers of a given chromatophore are activated by the same nerve, but a given nerve branch activates muscles of many chromatophores. Previously d ...
... of the skin nerves with single pulses causes twitch-contractions; repetitive stimulation above 6-10 pulses/sec gives rise to a tetanus. Not. all the muscle fibers of a given chromatophore are activated by the same nerve, but a given nerve branch activates muscles of many chromatophores. Previously d ...
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... Feedback: page 51 Learning goals: structures of the brain and their functions 45. Dr. Becker is interested in identifying the pathways of connectivity in the brain and nervous system. Which of the following techniques will Dr. Becker most likely use in his research? A. Brain lesioning B. Staining C. ...
... Feedback: page 51 Learning goals: structures of the brain and their functions 45. Dr. Becker is interested in identifying the pathways of connectivity in the brain and nervous system. Which of the following techniques will Dr. Becker most likely use in his research? A. Brain lesioning B. Staining C. ...
Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... to include a combination of morphology, electrophysiological properties and patterns of gene expression1,10. Nevertheless, the most basic schema is based on hodology, which has proved useful during the initial investigation of neuronal subtype development (BOX 2). How are these various projection ne ...
... to include a combination of morphology, electrophysiological properties and patterns of gene expression1,10. Nevertheless, the most basic schema is based on hodology, which has proved useful during the initial investigation of neuronal subtype development (BOX 2). How are these various projection ne ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... secretions, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and many other activities • Some of the above functions are controlled almost entirely and some only partially by the autonomic nervous system. ...
... secretions, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and many other activities • Some of the above functions are controlled almost entirely and some only partially by the autonomic nervous system. ...
High-frequency stimulation in Parkinson`s disease: more
... also referred as to deep-brain stimulation, is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of movement disorders. In the case of Parkinson’s disease, which results from the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, HFS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) (Figure 1) is now a ...
... also referred as to deep-brain stimulation, is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of movement disorders. In the case of Parkinson’s disease, which results from the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, HFS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) (Figure 1) is now a ...
theta oscillation in the hippocampus
... and morphologically identified CA1 pyramidal cells. When a biocytin injection of a single cell resulted in labeling two or more neurons, the physiological data obtained from these recordings were discarded from the analysis. After the completion of the physiological data collection biocytin was inje ...
... and morphologically identified CA1 pyramidal cells. When a biocytin injection of a single cell resulted in labeling two or more neurons, the physiological data obtained from these recordings were discarded from the analysis. After the completion of the physiological data collection biocytin was inje ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.