Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
... A total of 106 cells were recorded in the intraparietal sulcus of two left hemispheres of two macaque monkeys in response to various visual, vestibular, and oculomotor paradigms, and active-passive head-movement comparisons. Posterior Parietal Vestibular Neurons during Pursuit Head Movements Posteri ...
... A total of 106 cells were recorded in the intraparietal sulcus of two left hemispheres of two macaque monkeys in response to various visual, vestibular, and oculomotor paradigms, and active-passive head-movement comparisons. Posterior Parietal Vestibular Neurons during Pursuit Head Movements Posteri ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic response reflects both direct thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the earliest synaptic response: the first 30 ms following whisker deflection. Respons ...
... The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic response reflects both direct thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the earliest synaptic response: the first 30 ms following whisker deflection. Respons ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... In this review, I argue that the adaptation and associative hypotheses both offer plausible accounts of the origin of mirror neurons, explaining their basic and more subtle properties. However, the associative hypothesis currently has three advantages. First, it provides a straightforward, empirical ...
... In this review, I argue that the adaptation and associative hypotheses both offer plausible accounts of the origin of mirror neurons, explaining their basic and more subtle properties. However, the associative hypothesis currently has three advantages. First, it provides a straightforward, empirical ...
Macrophages Promote Axon Regeneration with Concurrent Neurotoxicity
... Sigma) was added to secondary antibodies to label cell nuclei. Fluoromyelin (Invitrogen) was used according to the manufacturer’s specifications to label myelin. A subset of sections was stained for macrophages/microglia (OX42; 1:4000; mouse, AbD; Serotec), GFP (1:800; rabbit; Invitrogen), or axons ...
... Sigma) was added to secondary antibodies to label cell nuclei. Fluoromyelin (Invitrogen) was used according to the manufacturer’s specifications to label myelin. A subset of sections was stained for macrophages/microglia (OX42; 1:4000; mouse, AbD; Serotec), GFP (1:800; rabbit; Invitrogen), or axons ...
Auditory physiology chapter
... covering the oval window, a 30 dB loss in signal intensity would occur at the air-fluid boundary. This is not a minor loss of energy. As we will see in the chapter on auditory perception, a 10 dB decrease in intensity corresponds to a decrease of approximately one-half in our subjective impression o ...
... covering the oval window, a 30 dB loss in signal intensity would occur at the air-fluid boundary. This is not a minor loss of energy. As we will see in the chapter on auditory perception, a 10 dB decrease in intensity corresponds to a decrease of approximately one-half in our subjective impression o ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
... we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, morphology, and functioning of the primate cerebral cortex. Based on the analysis of quantitative structural data for prefrontal cortices of the adult rhesus monkey, we demonstrate that (1) the characteristic shape of cort ...
... we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, morphology, and functioning of the primate cerebral cortex. Based on the analysis of quantitative structural data for prefrontal cortices of the adult rhesus monkey, we demonstrate that (1) the characteristic shape of cort ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... nitrocellulose membrane. The membrane was blocked with 10% (w/v) skim milk and then reacted with 2 ml monoclonal antibodies (1 in loo0 dilutions of ascites fluids in 0.01 M-PBSpH 7-2 containing 3% bovine serum albumin) at 4 "C overnight by gently mixing in a tray. The membrane was washed with 50 mM- ...
... nitrocellulose membrane. The membrane was blocked with 10% (w/v) skim milk and then reacted with 2 ml monoclonal antibodies (1 in loo0 dilutions of ascites fluids in 0.01 M-PBSpH 7-2 containing 3% bovine serum albumin) at 4 "C overnight by gently mixing in a tray. The membrane was washed with 50 mM- ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... We examined data from intracranial microelectrodes in patients undergoing surgical treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy. Electrodes were positioned by clinical teams to isolate the epileptic seizure focus for subsequent potential surgical resection (surgeries performed by I.F.). Microelectrode cove ...
... We examined data from intracranial microelectrodes in patients undergoing surgical treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy. Electrodes were positioned by clinical teams to isolate the epileptic seizure focus for subsequent potential surgical resection (surgeries performed by I.F.). Microelectrode cove ...
A chemogenomic analysis of the transmembrane binding cavity of
... sequences predicts the existence of about 400 nonolfactory GPCRs5 and opens a new avenue for drug discovery, especially with respect to the 100 orphan receptors for which even the endogenous ligand still has not been characterized.6 Historically, GPCRs have been classified according to the chemical n ...
... sequences predicts the existence of about 400 nonolfactory GPCRs5 and opens a new avenue for drug discovery, especially with respect to the 100 orphan receptors for which even the endogenous ligand still has not been characterized.6 Historically, GPCRs have been classified according to the chemical n ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... somatosensory, visual and auditory areas. In this Review, we focus on the mirror properties of the circuit formed in the monkey by parietal areas PFG and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP), and frontal area F5. Recently it was shown that two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neuro ...
... somatosensory, visual and auditory areas. In this Review, we focus on the mirror properties of the circuit formed in the monkey by parietal areas PFG and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP), and frontal area F5. Recently it was shown that two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neuro ...
The basal ganglia and cortex implement optimal decision making
... to encode the stimulus-response mapping. However, even in simple, highly constrained laboratory tasks, there will be more than one possible response and so there is a problem of action selection in which the representation for the correct response has to take control of the animal’s motor plant. In ...
... to encode the stimulus-response mapping. However, even in simple, highly constrained laboratory tasks, there will be more than one possible response and so there is a problem of action selection in which the representation for the correct response has to take control of the animal’s motor plant. In ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations
... somatosensory, visual and auditory areas. In this Review, we focus on the mirror properties of the circuit formed in the monkey by parietal areas PFG and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP), and frontal area F5. Recently it was shown that two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neuro ...
... somatosensory, visual and auditory areas. In this Review, we focus on the mirror properties of the circuit formed in the monkey by parietal areas PFG and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP), and frontal area F5. Recently it was shown that two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neuro ...
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal
... Bristol Laboratories) and were kept warm with a heating pad throughout the injection procedure. The micropipette was targeted stereotaxically and lowered into NL with a remote-controlled, stepping motor-coupled microdrive. Evoked potentials or “neurophonic” responses (see Sullivan and Konishi, 1986) ...
... Bristol Laboratories) and were kept warm with a heating pad throughout the injection procedure. The micropipette was targeted stereotaxically and lowered into NL with a remote-controlled, stepping motor-coupled microdrive. Evoked potentials or “neurophonic” responses (see Sullivan and Konishi, 1986) ...
Open-loop organization of thalamic reticular nucleus and dorsal
... synapse, since this synapse induces large postsynaptic currents but is highly depressing (Chung et al. 2002; Gil et al. 1999; Stratford et al. 1996), a burst of action potentials arriving after a period of quiescence (as required by the voltage- and time sensitivity of T-type calcium channels) would ...
... synapse, since this synapse induces large postsynaptic currents but is highly depressing (Chung et al. 2002; Gil et al. 1999; Stratford et al. 1996), a burst of action potentials arriving after a period of quiescence (as required by the voltage- and time sensitivity of T-type calcium channels) would ...
Multiple hypothalamic circuits sense and regulate glucose levels
... were found to show specialized excitatory or inhibitory firing responses to extracellular glucose, revealing a strategy for how the brain can directly monitor body energy status (3, 69, 70). Glucose sensing in these glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons was not a general energy-related respo ...
... were found to show specialized excitatory or inhibitory firing responses to extracellular glucose, revealing a strategy for how the brain can directly monitor body energy status (3, 69, 70). Glucose sensing in these glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons was not a general energy-related respo ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... corticogenesis cannot be understood uniquely in terms of molecular prespecification but must also take into account the internal and external environmental factors that modulate organization as cortical development unfolds. The developing sensory apparatus produces environmental information from whi ...
... corticogenesis cannot be understood uniquely in terms of molecular prespecification but must also take into account the internal and external environmental factors that modulate organization as cortical development unfolds. The developing sensory apparatus produces environmental information from whi ...
Pain
... Sensation characteristic of each sensory neuron is that produced by its normal or adequate stimulus. Adequate stimulus: ...
... Sensation characteristic of each sensory neuron is that produced by its normal or adequate stimulus. Adequate stimulus: ...
ch_16_lecture_presentation
... • Axon terminals • Form branching networks of telodendria instead of synaptic terminals • Telodendria form sympathetic varicosities • Resemble string of pearls • Swollen segment packed with neurotransmitter vesicles • Pass along or near surface of effector cells ...
... • Axon terminals • Form branching networks of telodendria instead of synaptic terminals • Telodendria form sympathetic varicosities • Resemble string of pearls • Swollen segment packed with neurotransmitter vesicles • Pass along or near surface of effector cells ...
The importance of Wnt signalling for neurodegeneration in
... Cell biological functions disrupted in PD are partially controlled by Wnt signalling pathways and proteins encoded by PARK genes have been shown to modify Wnt signalling. This suggests the prospect of targeting Wnt signalling pathways to modify PD progression. ...
... Cell biological functions disrupted in PD are partially controlled by Wnt signalling pathways and proteins encoded by PARK genes have been shown to modify Wnt signalling. This suggests the prospect of targeting Wnt signalling pathways to modify PD progression. ...
Very short-term plasticity in hippocampal synapses
... Lateral inhibition, however, seems inadequate to explain the magnitude of depression observed in Fig. 1; the PPR at 5 msec measured as a fraction of peak PPR is 0.45. Because the average release probability of synapses is about 0.2 (11, 14), most synapses (;80%) would fail to release a quantum of ne ...
... Lateral inhibition, however, seems inadequate to explain the magnitude of depression observed in Fig. 1; the PPR at 5 msec measured as a fraction of peak PPR is 0.45. Because the average release probability of synapses is about 0.2 (11, 14), most synapses (;80%) would fail to release a quantum of ne ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... FMRP has been shown to associate with mRNAs that encode proteins regulating the cytoskeleton and synapses. One such FMRP target is the microtubule associated protein (MAP1b) mRNA, which is inappropriately translated in both Drosophila dFmr1 (dfxr) null (Zhang et al., 2001a,b; Pan et al., 2004) and m ...
... FMRP has been shown to associate with mRNAs that encode proteins regulating the cytoskeleton and synapses. One such FMRP target is the microtubule associated protein (MAP1b) mRNA, which is inappropriately translated in both Drosophila dFmr1 (dfxr) null (Zhang et al., 2001a,b; Pan et al., 2004) and m ...
CNB12 Plus
... the Journal of Neurological Science (1994 Apr. 122[2]:140-143) postulated that methylcobalamin could increase protein synthesis and help regenerate nerves. The scientists showed that very high doses of methylcobalamin produce nerve regeneration in laboratory rats. The scientists stated that ultra-hi ...
... the Journal of Neurological Science (1994 Apr. 122[2]:140-143) postulated that methylcobalamin could increase protein synthesis and help regenerate nerves. The scientists showed that very high doses of methylcobalamin produce nerve regeneration in laboratory rats. The scientists stated that ultra-hi ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while the monkey was fixating. The depression at of the magneticsearch-coiltechnique ( Robinson 1963) . The behavioraltasksaswell asstora ...
... task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while the monkey was fixating. The depression at of the magneticsearch-coiltechnique ( Robinson 1963) . The behavioraltasksaswell asstora ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.