Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... maturation and pruning remain largely unknown. The gene for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) produces two pools of mRNA, with either a short or long 3⬘ untranslated region (3⬘ UTR). Our previous results show that short 3⬘ UTR Bdnf mRNA is restricted to cell bodies, whereas long 3⬘ UTR Bdnf m ...
... maturation and pruning remain largely unknown. The gene for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) produces two pools of mRNA, with either a short or long 3⬘ untranslated region (3⬘ UTR). Our previous results show that short 3⬘ UTR Bdnf mRNA is restricted to cell bodies, whereas long 3⬘ UTR Bdnf m ...
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
... holding the functioning neurons together, protecting them, and regulating neuron function. Glia cells vary in shape and size. Can you name the three main types of support cells in the central nervous system and provide a short description of each? ...
... holding the functioning neurons together, protecting them, and regulating neuron function. Glia cells vary in shape and size. Can you name the three main types of support cells in the central nervous system and provide a short description of each? ...
Control of Extracellular Dopamine at Dendrite and Axon Terminals
... (Jaffe et al., 1998; Beckstead et al., 2004; Ford et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2008). It remains unclear whether similar mechanisms regulate the release of dopamine in the cell body region and axon terminal fields. The time course of the rise and fall of extracellular dopamine following synaptic releas ...
... (Jaffe et al., 1998; Beckstead et al., 2004; Ford et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2008). It remains unclear whether similar mechanisms regulate the release of dopamine in the cell body region and axon terminal fields. The time course of the rise and fall of extracellular dopamine following synaptic releas ...
Psilocybin – Summary of knowledge and new perspectives
... Fantegrossi et al., 2008; Winter et al., 2007) and in studies on head twitch behavior and wet dog shakes (typical signs of the stimulation of the 5-HT2A receptor) (Fantegrossi et al., 2008; Halberstadt et al., 2011). On the other hand, psilocybin/psilocin-induced locomotor inhibition was restored by ...
... Fantegrossi et al., 2008; Winter et al., 2007) and in studies on head twitch behavior and wet dog shakes (typical signs of the stimulation of the 5-HT2A receptor) (Fantegrossi et al., 2008; Halberstadt et al., 2011). On the other hand, psilocybin/psilocin-induced locomotor inhibition was restored by ...
A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system
... the anaphase-promoting complex (Zachariae et al. 1998; Kramer et al. 2000). Characterization of the functions and regulation of Cdh1–APC and Cdc20–APC in dividing cells has provided invaluable clues for our understanding of the novel functions and mechanisms of the anaphasepromoting complex in the n ...
... the anaphase-promoting complex (Zachariae et al. 1998; Kramer et al. 2000). Characterization of the functions and regulation of Cdh1–APC and Cdc20–APC in dividing cells has provided invaluable clues for our understanding of the novel functions and mechanisms of the anaphasepromoting complex in the n ...
thesis - ETDA
... strongest evidence implicating the basal ganglia in dystonia comes from studies in druginduced primate models of dystonia and functional brain studies of drug-induced human dystonia (and other hyperkinetic dyskinesias). These models implicate a causative role for decreased basal ganglia output in dy ...
... strongest evidence implicating the basal ganglia in dystonia comes from studies in druginduced primate models of dystonia and functional brain studies of drug-induced human dystonia (and other hyperkinetic dyskinesias). These models implicate a causative role for decreased basal ganglia output in dy ...
morphology and synaptic connections of ultrafine primary axons
... are strung numerous small closely spaced ultrafine endings. The endings vary in shape from spherical to highly elliptical forms which are more than twice as long as they are wide (Fig. 6). The most common pattern of endings along an ultrafine axon is a group of two to five or more of the smallest sp ...
... are strung numerous small closely spaced ultrafine endings. The endings vary in shape from spherical to highly elliptical forms which are more than twice as long as they are wide (Fig. 6). The most common pattern of endings along an ultrafine axon is a group of two to five or more of the smallest sp ...
Functional Microarchitecture of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to movies, visual noise and gratings, we found that stimulus-dependent responses, called “signal ...
... direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to movies, visual noise and gratings, we found that stimulus-dependent responses, called “signal ...
Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... and movements should be represented in dorsomedial but not dorsolateral striatum, whereas associations between cues and responses, independent of reward value, should be represented in neural activity in dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum. Additionally, neural activity in dorsomedial striatum ...
... and movements should be represented in dorsomedial but not dorsolateral striatum, whereas associations between cues and responses, independent of reward value, should be represented in neural activity in dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum. Additionally, neural activity in dorsomedial striatum ...
Protracted Synaptogenesis after Activity
... Switzerland). Individual stacks were spatially filtered by an edgepreserving algorithm, rescaled, and baseline subtracted. To facilitate overview and for display in the figures, the 3D stacks were volume ren- ...
... Switzerland). Individual stacks were spatially filtered by an edgepreserving algorithm, rescaled, and baseline subtracted. To facilitate overview and for display in the figures, the 3D stacks were volume ren- ...
Physiology of the Mammalian Circadian System
... clock system clearly plays a central role in regulating cellular ...
... clock system clearly plays a central role in regulating cellular ...
Enteric Glia - Department of Physiology
... “second brain,” known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), resides within the walls of the intestines and controls the ongoing activities of the gastrointestinal tract. The entire circuitry of the ENS is embedded in the gut wall and consists of aggregates of neurons and glia called enteric ganglia t ...
... “second brain,” known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), resides within the walls of the intestines and controls the ongoing activities of the gastrointestinal tract. The entire circuitry of the ENS is embedded in the gut wall and consists of aggregates of neurons and glia called enteric ganglia t ...
neuropathology of dopamine systems in schizophrenia
... basal activity at time of death, while changes in subunit protein expression are related to long-term regulation of the enzyme, affecting the “reserve capacity” of the mitochondria to respond to higher energy demands. Finally, we performed neuronal counts of dopaminergic and total number of neurons ...
... basal activity at time of death, while changes in subunit protein expression are related to long-term regulation of the enzyme, affecting the “reserve capacity” of the mitochondria to respond to higher energy demands. Finally, we performed neuronal counts of dopaminergic and total number of neurons ...
Targeting membrane proteins to inner segments of vertebrate
... the amino acid sequence of HCN1 to identify novel trafficking signals that function in photoreceptors. By examining localization of a series of HCN1 mutants in transgenic Xenopus photoreceptors, we discovered a di-arginine ER retention motif and a leucinebased ER export motif. These two sequence mo ...
... the amino acid sequence of HCN1 to identify novel trafficking signals that function in photoreceptors. By examining localization of a series of HCN1 mutants in transgenic Xenopus photoreceptors, we discovered a di-arginine ER retention motif and a leucinebased ER export motif. These two sequence mo ...
Anatomy & Physiology I
... – Dendrites are enclosed in a connective tissue capsule – Capsule enhances sensitivity or specificity of the receptor – Pressure and vibration (lamellated), touch (Meisner) Separate cells – Sensory receptors for certain special senses are specialized, separate cells – The specialized cell synapses ...
... – Dendrites are enclosed in a connective tissue capsule – Capsule enhances sensitivity or specificity of the receptor – Pressure and vibration (lamellated), touch (Meisner) Separate cells – Sensory receptors for certain special senses are specialized, separate cells – The specialized cell synapses ...
Neural representation of olfactory mixtures in the honeybee
... stimulation recording corresponded to a three-dimensional matrix with two spatial dimensions (x, y pixels of the area of interest) and a temporal dimension (100 frames). Three steps were carried out to calculate the signals. First, to reduce photon (shot) noise, the raw data were filtered in both the ...
... stimulation recording corresponded to a three-dimensional matrix with two spatial dimensions (x, y pixels of the area of interest) and a temporal dimension (100 frames). Three steps were carried out to calculate the signals. First, to reduce photon (shot) noise, the raw data were filtered in both the ...
Pallidal Discharge Related to the Kinematics of Reaching
... Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 Turner, Robert S. and Marjorie E. Anderson. Pallidal discharge related to the kinematics of reaching movements in two dimensions. J. Neurophysi ...
... Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 Turner, Robert S. and Marjorie E. Anderson. Pallidal discharge related to the kinematics of reaching movements in two dimensions. J. Neurophysi ...
Author`s personal copy
... primiparous female rats and the nonhormonal maintenance of the behavior after its initiation As already noted, virgin female rats do not show maternal behavior upon initial exposure to pups; they actively avoid pups that are presented to them [43,44]. However, if one cohabitates a virgin female with ...
... primiparous female rats and the nonhormonal maintenance of the behavior after its initiation As already noted, virgin female rats do not show maternal behavior upon initial exposure to pups; they actively avoid pups that are presented to them [43,44]. However, if one cohabitates a virgin female with ...
Thalamocortical neuron loss and localized astrocytosis in the Cln3
... mice and individuals with JNCL also raise autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) that inhibit the activity of this enzyme, resulting in elevated levels of glutamate (Chattopadhyay et al., 2002). More recently, Cln3 knock-in mice (Cln3 Dex7/8 ) have been generated which accurately repr ...
... mice and individuals with JNCL also raise autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) that inhibit the activity of this enzyme, resulting in elevated levels of glutamate (Chattopadhyay et al., 2002). More recently, Cln3 knock-in mice (Cln3 Dex7/8 ) have been generated which accurately repr ...
1 - Test Bank
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and ...
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and ...
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
... The noradrenergic (NA-ergic) rapid eye movement (REM)-OFF neurons in locus coeruleus (LC) and cholinergic REM-ON neurons in laterodorsal/pedunculopontine tegmentum show a reciprocal firing pattern. The REM-ON neurons fire during REM sleep whereas REM-OFF neurons stop firing during REM sleep. The ces ...
... The noradrenergic (NA-ergic) rapid eye movement (REM)-OFF neurons in locus coeruleus (LC) and cholinergic REM-ON neurons in laterodorsal/pedunculopontine tegmentum show a reciprocal firing pattern. The REM-ON neurons fire during REM sleep whereas REM-OFF neurons stop firing during REM sleep. The ces ...
What clinical disorders tell us about the neural
... Saccades are rapid eye movements that redirect the fovea from one object to another. A great deal has been learned about the anatomy and physiology of saccades, making them an ideal system for studying the neural control of movement. Basic research on normal eye movements has greatly increased our u ...
... Saccades are rapid eye movements that redirect the fovea from one object to another. A great deal has been learned about the anatomy and physiology of saccades, making them an ideal system for studying the neural control of movement. Basic research on normal eye movements has greatly increased our u ...
Chapter 14 PowerPoint - IHMC Public Cmaps (2)
... Cell increases in metabolic activity, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial activity New terminal sprouts project from the proximal segment Process limited to myelinated axons ...
... Cell increases in metabolic activity, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial activity New terminal sprouts project from the proximal segment Process limited to myelinated axons ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.