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Action Potential Backpropagation and Somato
... of these calcium channels may therefore lead to dendritic depolarization sufficient to evoke dendritic action potential initiation, as has been shown in other central neurons after intense distal dendritic depolarization (Schiller et al., 1997; Stuart et al., 1997a; Golding and Spruston, 1998). Unde ...
... of these calcium channels may therefore lead to dendritic depolarization sufficient to evoke dendritic action potential initiation, as has been shown in other central neurons after intense distal dendritic depolarization (Schiller et al., 1997; Stuart et al., 1997a; Golding and Spruston, 1998). Unde ...
Convergent evolution of neural systems in ctenophores
... and muscles. Although neuronal organization in basal Metazoa can be superficially presented as a nerve net, many species have a prominent concentration of neuronal elements, and numerous and apparently autonomous networks governing surprisingly complex and well coordinated behaviors. Cubozoa have we ...
... and muscles. Although neuronal organization in basal Metazoa can be superficially presented as a nerve net, many species have a prominent concentration of neuronal elements, and numerous and apparently autonomous networks governing surprisingly complex and well coordinated behaviors. Cubozoa have we ...
J Comp Physiol (1982) 149: 179 193
... other visual neuropils are unipolar (Strausfeld 1976) and their initial process, connecting the perikaryon with the rest of the cell, is very thin (≈ 2 µm) and comparatively long (20-50 µm). When somata are impaled, a steady, membrane potential of - 75 mV < U < -40 mV is recorded, but neither sponta ...
... other visual neuropils are unipolar (Strausfeld 1976) and their initial process, connecting the perikaryon with the rest of the cell, is very thin (≈ 2 µm) and comparatively long (20-50 µm). When somata are impaled, a steady, membrane potential of - 75 mV < U < -40 mV is recorded, but neither sponta ...
PART IV INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION IN HUMANS
... nonmyelinated gray matter and myelinated tracts called white matter. The Spinal Cord The spinal cord extends from the base of the brain and is located in the vertebral canal formed by the vertebrae. Structure of the Spinal Cord The gray matter of the spinal cord contains neuron cell bodies; the whit ...
... nonmyelinated gray matter and myelinated tracts called white matter. The Spinal Cord The spinal cord extends from the base of the brain and is located in the vertebral canal formed by the vertebrae. Structure of the Spinal Cord The gray matter of the spinal cord contains neuron cell bodies; the whit ...
13 Nervous System
... nonmyelinated gray matter and myelinated tracts called white matter. The Spinal Cord The spinal cord extends from the base of the brain and is located in the vertebral canal formed by the vertebrae. Structure of the Spinal Cord The gray matter of the spinal cord contains neuron cell bodies; the whit ...
... nonmyelinated gray matter and myelinated tracts called white matter. The Spinal Cord The spinal cord extends from the base of the brain and is located in the vertebral canal formed by the vertebrae. Structure of the Spinal Cord The gray matter of the spinal cord contains neuron cell bodies; the whit ...
The neuronal structure of the substantia nigra in the guinea pig
... the thick dendritic trunks, but they are located slightly further from the cell body [23], and in the primates Schwyn and Fox [34] observed varicosities and occasionally dendritic spines on the terminal portion of dendrites. In the opossum Ma and Hazlett [27] described neurons which were moderately ...
... the thick dendritic trunks, but they are located slightly further from the cell body [23], and in the primates Schwyn and Fox [34] observed varicosities and occasionally dendritic spines on the terminal portion of dendrites. In the opossum Ma and Hazlett [27] described neurons which were moderately ...
Finally, the peak firing rate within any one place field of a single cell
... plastic synapses are abundant in the cortex. Therefore, it is not immediately obvious why the formation of complex memory traces is restricted to the hippocampal formation and cannot be performed by other multimodal associational cortical areas. Two features of the CA3 area, however, clearly disting ...
... plastic synapses are abundant in the cortex. Therefore, it is not immediately obvious why the formation of complex memory traces is restricted to the hippocampal formation and cannot be performed by other multimodal associational cortical areas. Two features of the CA3 area, however, clearly disting ...
Neurogenesis in Postnatal Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia
... Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contain the cell bodies of primary afferents of the somatosensory system. These neurons are functionally heterogeneous, signaling receptor-transduced stimuli of diverse sensory modalities that range from touch, temperature, and pain to proprioception. Nerve injuries that ax ...
... Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contain the cell bodies of primary afferents of the somatosensory system. These neurons are functionally heterogeneous, signaling receptor-transduced stimuli of diverse sensory modalities that range from touch, temperature, and pain to proprioception. Nerve injuries that ax ...
Neuronal Activity and Ion Homeostasis in the Hypoxic Brain
... is only slightly reduced. The complexity of this detailed model, however, makes it difficult to analyze the underlying dynamics. Furthermore, including all relevant interactions at a similar detailed level for e.g. diffusion, synaptic activity, metabolism and cell damage, would result in a very comp ...
... is only slightly reduced. The complexity of this detailed model, however, makes it difficult to analyze the underlying dynamics. Furthermore, including all relevant interactions at a similar detailed level for e.g. diffusion, synaptic activity, metabolism and cell damage, would result in a very comp ...
Central Nervous System (CNS)
... • Nervous system allows for sensory input, integration, and response to stimuli • Nervous system can be subdivided based on function and location • Nerves transmit electrical impulses down ...
... • Nervous system allows for sensory input, integration, and response to stimuli • Nervous system can be subdivided based on function and location • Nerves transmit electrical impulses down ...
MS word - University of Kentucky
... UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY EXERCISES ...
... UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY EXERCISES ...
- Valiente Lab
... Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that interferes with the function of several brain systems required for cognition and normal social behaviour. Although the most notable clinical aspects of the disease only become apparent during late adolescence or early adulthood, many lines of evidence suggest ...
... Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that interferes with the function of several brain systems required for cognition and normal social behaviour. Although the most notable clinical aspects of the disease only become apparent during late adolescence or early adulthood, many lines of evidence suggest ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
Presynaptic Release Probability Is Increased in Hippocampal
... and then a second pH 6.0 application was made in wild-type and ASIC2 knockout neurons. B: peak amplitude of pH 6.0 –induced H⫹-gated currents. C: the desensitization time constants (D) of H⫹-gated current at pH 6.0. D: recovery from desensitization was determined by applying 2 pulses of pH 6.0 with ...
... and then a second pH 6.0 application was made in wild-type and ASIC2 knockout neurons. B: peak amplitude of pH 6.0 –induced H⫹-gated currents. C: the desensitization time constants (D) of H⫹-gated current at pH 6.0. D: recovery from desensitization was determined by applying 2 pulses of pH 6.0 with ...
Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... of population coding. We will then present a model and a set of experiments using this model, which demonstrates that pools of neurons operating with inhibitory connections perform better on a stimulus-tracking task than the same model with no inhibitory connections. The model is designed to show ho ...
... of population coding. We will then present a model and a set of experiments using this model, which demonstrates that pools of neurons operating with inhibitory connections perform better on a stimulus-tracking task than the same model with no inhibitory connections. The model is designed to show ho ...
Neurogenesis in adulthood: a possible role in
... learning. Indeed, as summarized in Table 1, available evidence from separate studies examining factors that regulate neurogenesis and those that affect learning are consistent with this view. When considering factors that regulate adult neuron production, it is important to note that changes in the ...
... learning. Indeed, as summarized in Table 1, available evidence from separate studies examining factors that regulate neurogenesis and those that affect learning are consistent with this view. When considering factors that regulate adult neuron production, it is important to note that changes in the ...
Inhibitory interneurons in the piriform cortex
... regarded as more informative.14 By this criterion, interneurons are of two main types, perisoma-targeting and dendrite-targeting. In the PC, a population of GABAergic basket cells has been identified in Layers II and III, the axons of which are known to target the somata of principal cells located i ...
... regarded as more informative.14 By this criterion, interneurons are of two main types, perisoma-targeting and dendrite-targeting. In the PC, a population of GABAergic basket cells has been identified in Layers II and III, the axons of which are known to target the somata of principal cells located i ...
Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of
... of the larval stage were limited to cultured, dissociated cells (Solc and Aldrich 1988; Wu et al. 1983b) and boutons (Martinez-Padron and Ferrus 1997). In contrast, embryonic motor neurons have been studied electrophysiologically in vivo (Baines and Bate 1998; Baines et al. 1999, 2001) as have adult ...
... of the larval stage were limited to cultured, dissociated cells (Solc and Aldrich 1988; Wu et al. 1983b) and boutons (Martinez-Padron and Ferrus 1997). In contrast, embryonic motor neurons have been studied electrophysiologically in vivo (Baines and Bate 1998; Baines et al. 1999, 2001) as have adult ...
Differential sensitivity of medium- and large
... Wilson, 1998, 1999). Brie¯y, in vivo these neurons display slow spontaneous ®ring and low amplitude short latency excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) to cortical and thalamic stimulation. In vivo and in vitro large cholinergic interneurons are more depolarized than medium-sized projection neu ...
... Wilson, 1998, 1999). Brie¯y, in vivo these neurons display slow spontaneous ®ring and low amplitude short latency excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) to cortical and thalamic stimulation. In vivo and in vitro large cholinergic interneurons are more depolarized than medium-sized projection neu ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... •Acetylcholine is the transmitter at preganglionic synapses in both systems •The receptor is similar to the neuromuscular junction synapse: directly gated channel which responds to the agonist nicotine •The postganglionic parasympathetic transmitter also is acetylcholine •The receptors are indirectl ...
... •Acetylcholine is the transmitter at preganglionic synapses in both systems •The receptor is similar to the neuromuscular junction synapse: directly gated channel which responds to the agonist nicotine •The postganglionic parasympathetic transmitter also is acetylcholine •The receptors are indirectl ...
Chemical synapse
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chemical_synapse_schema_cropped.jpg?width=300)
Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie perception and thought. They allow the nervous system to connect to and control other systems of the body.At a chemical synapse, one neuron releases neurotransmitter molecules into a small space (the synaptic cleft) that is adjacent to another neuron. The neurotransmitters are kept within small sacs called vesicles, and are released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis. These molecules then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell's side of the synaptic cleft. Finally, the neurotransmitters must be cleared from the synapse through one of several potential mechanisms including enzymatic degradation or re-uptake by specific transporters either on the presynaptic cell or possibly by neuroglia to terminate the action of the transmitter.The adult human brain is estimated to contain from 1014 to 5 × 1014 (100–500 trillion) synapses. Every cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly a billion (short scale, i.e. 109) of them.The word ""synapse"" comes from ""synaptein"", which Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues coined from the Greek ""syn-"" (""together"") and ""haptein"" (""to clasp""). Chemical synapses are not the only type of biological synapse: electrical and immunological synapses also exist. Without a qualifier, however, ""synapse"" commonly means chemical synapse.