Molecular Analysis of Developmental Plasticity in Neocortex
... and Bear, 1994a,b). The NMDA receptor is essential not only for LTP in hippocampal CA1 synapses and for spatial memory (Morris et al., 1986; Tsien et al., 1996), but also for ocular dominance plasticity that occurs in cortical neurons in response to visual manipulations during the critical period (B ...
... and Bear, 1994a,b). The NMDA receptor is essential not only for LTP in hippocampal CA1 synapses and for spatial memory (Morris et al., 1986; Tsien et al., 1996), but also for ocular dominance plasticity that occurs in cortical neurons in response to visual manipulations during the critical period (B ...
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... neurons, the prediction PðtÞ of future reinforcement is equated with the indirect excitatory input to DA neurons, and the direct inhibitory input is equated with the prediction Pðt 2 1Þ at the earlier time step. Houk et al.’s model of the critic does not include an exact timing mechanism, but rather ...
... neurons, the prediction PðtÞ of future reinforcement is equated with the indirect excitatory input to DA neurons, and the direct inhibitory input is equated with the prediction Pðt 2 1Þ at the earlier time step. Houk et al.’s model of the critic does not include an exact timing mechanism, but rather ...
Tonic and burst firing: dual modes of
... relay cells of lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat, recorded intracellularly from an in vitro slice preparation. (a),(b) Voltage dependency of the LTS. Responses to the same depolarizing current pulse delivered intracellularly are shown, but from two different initial holding potentials. When the ...
... relay cells of lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat, recorded intracellularly from an in vitro slice preparation. (a),(b) Voltage dependency of the LTS. Responses to the same depolarizing current pulse delivered intracellularly are shown, but from two different initial holding potentials. When the ...
Ca Signaling11
... 1. Early (sec-min) after electrical activity: changes in neural connections via modifications (phosphorylation) of existing proteins (ion channels) or delivery of proteins to postsynaptic membrane. 2. Intermediate (min-hr): synthesis of new proteins by existing levels of genes. 3. Late (days - longe ...
... 1. Early (sec-min) after electrical activity: changes in neural connections via modifications (phosphorylation) of existing proteins (ion channels) or delivery of proteins to postsynaptic membrane. 2. Intermediate (min-hr): synthesis of new proteins by existing levels of genes. 3. Late (days - longe ...
cortical input to the basal forebrain
... *Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, U.S.A. †Department of Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ‡University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A. §Department of Basic Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee ...
... *Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, U.S.A. †Department of Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ‡University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A. §Department of Basic Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... We study the development of spatial representations in a network of rate-based neurons with interacting excitatory and inhibitory plasticity. A single model neuron that represents a cell in the hippocampal formation or adjacent areas receives feedforward input from excitatory and inhibitory synaptic ...
... We study the development of spatial representations in a network of rate-based neurons with interacting excitatory and inhibitory plasticity. A single model neuron that represents a cell in the hippocampal formation or adjacent areas receives feedforward input from excitatory and inhibitory synaptic ...
Turtle Dorsal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell
... what extent the computational function of a neuron is determined by its individual type or by its circuit connections. We created electrophysiological profiles from pyramidal neurons within the sole cellular layer of turtle visual cortex by measuring responses to current injection using whole-cell r ...
... what extent the computational function of a neuron is determined by its individual type or by its circuit connections. We created electrophysiological profiles from pyramidal neurons within the sole cellular layer of turtle visual cortex by measuring responses to current injection using whole-cell r ...
Neural Tissue
... Open in presence of specific chemicals (ex, ACh) at binding site Found on neuron cell body and dendrites Ex) receptors that bind Ach at neuromuscular junction ...
... Open in presence of specific chemicals (ex, ACh) at binding site Found on neuron cell body and dendrites Ex) receptors that bind Ach at neuromuscular junction ...
Alkaloids - Faculty Pages
... Datura plants are toxic for animals if ingested in large amounts. Their seeds contain significant amounts of hyoscyamine and scopolamine, and can be found as botanical impurities in feed materials, particularly in soybean and linseed products. Reports on adverse health effects in animals refer mostl ...
... Datura plants are toxic for animals if ingested in large amounts. Their seeds contain significant amounts of hyoscyamine and scopolamine, and can be found as botanical impurities in feed materials, particularly in soybean and linseed products. Reports on adverse health effects in animals refer mostl ...
Distinct Roles of CaMKII and PKA in Regulation of Firing Patterns
... Yao, Wei-Dong and Chun-Fang Wu. Distinct roles of CaMKII and PKA in regulation of firing patterns and K⫹ currents in Drosophila neurons. J Neurophysiol 85: 1384 –1394, 2001. The Ca2⫹/calmodulindependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) cascades have been impli ...
... Yao, Wei-Dong and Chun-Fang Wu. Distinct roles of CaMKII and PKA in regulation of firing patterns and K⫹ currents in Drosophila neurons. J Neurophysiol 85: 1384 –1394, 2001. The Ca2⫹/calmodulindependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) cascades have been impli ...
Control of Contractility in Spirostomum by Dissociated Calcium Ions
... than eight separate cells, no measurable depolarization of the cell membrane was detected following the application of electrical stimuli greater than the threshold for mechanical response. Pretreatment of Spirostomum with 10 mM sodium oxalate resulted in a progressive and marked decrease in contrac ...
... than eight separate cells, no measurable depolarization of the cell membrane was detected following the application of electrical stimuli greater than the threshold for mechanical response. Pretreatment of Spirostomum with 10 mM sodium oxalate resulted in a progressive and marked decrease in contrac ...
Motor Cortical Networks for Skilled Movements Have Reaching
... recent studies in the primate have also discussed the presence of another class of RS neuron that fires at high frequencies, but still displays the spike duration characteristics of a typical RS neuron [12]. Evidence of this type of cell was not seen in this study, and this may be as a result of a s ...
... recent studies in the primate have also discussed the presence of another class of RS neuron that fires at high frequencies, but still displays the spike duration characteristics of a typical RS neuron [12]. Evidence of this type of cell was not seen in this study, and this may be as a result of a s ...
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and NADH oxidase
... conducted to investigate the presence of inhibitors of some therapeutically important enzymes. The phytochemical analysis on the methanol extract of the plant showed the presence of polyphenols, which can generate false-positives effects.13 The AChE inhibitory activity of Acacia farnesiana have neve ...
... conducted to investigate the presence of inhibitors of some therapeutically important enzymes. The phytochemical analysis on the methanol extract of the plant showed the presence of polyphenols, which can generate false-positives effects.13 The AChE inhibitory activity of Acacia farnesiana have neve ...
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... higher in isolated primary neurons compared with aNSCs (Fig. 1C). The highly enriched expression of miR-137 in the neuronal lineage suggests that it may have important functions in neuronal development. miR-137 is known to be expressed in the brain and enriched at the synaptic compartment [12, 32]. ...
... higher in isolated primary neurons compared with aNSCs (Fig. 1C). The highly enriched expression of miR-137 in the neuronal lineage suggests that it may have important functions in neuronal development. miR-137 is known to be expressed in the brain and enriched at the synaptic compartment [12, 32]. ...
A Neural Mass Model to Simulate Different Rhythms in a Cortical
... dynamics, and hence have been neglected. The output of the model is represented by the membrane potential of pyramidal cells. Compared with the model described in our previous work [8], the new model exhibits two changes (see Figure 1): (i) fast inhibitory interneurons may receive ...
... dynamics, and hence have been neglected. The output of the model is represented by the membrane potential of pyramidal cells. Compared with the model described in our previous work [8], the new model exhibits two changes (see Figure 1): (i) fast inhibitory interneurons may receive ...
File
... • In the body, electrical charges are carried by ions. The ions primarily responsible for the generation of the resting membrane potential are Na+, K+, and A- (The last refers to the large, negatively charged (anionic) intracellular proteins). Other ions (calcium, chloride, and bicarbonate, to name ...
... • In the body, electrical charges are carried by ions. The ions primarily responsible for the generation of the resting membrane potential are Na+, K+, and A- (The last refers to the large, negatively charged (anionic) intracellular proteins). Other ions (calcium, chloride, and bicarbonate, to name ...
2011 - Università degli studi di Pavia
... the cerebellar function in the context of motor system control. Since then, the view of how the cerebellum operates has been crystallized on three main concepts: (1) the cerebellum operates by decorrelating the inputs and controlling gain in the granular layer and by detecting known patterns in Purk ...
... the cerebellar function in the context of motor system control. Since then, the view of how the cerebellum operates has been crystallized on three main concepts: (1) the cerebellum operates by decorrelating the inputs and controlling gain in the granular layer and by detecting known patterns in Purk ...
Bioelectric Phenomena
... neuron’s use as a template in computer architecture and neural networks. New developments in brain-machine interfacing make understanding the neuron even more important today (see [4] and [1] for additional information). To fully appreciate the operation of a neuron, it is important to understand th ...
... neuron’s use as a template in computer architecture and neural networks. New developments in brain-machine interfacing make understanding the neuron even more important today (see [4] and [1] for additional information). To fully appreciate the operation of a neuron, it is important to understand th ...
Chemical synapse
Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie perception and thought. They allow the nervous system to connect to and control other systems of the body.At a chemical synapse, one neuron releases neurotransmitter molecules into a small space (the synaptic cleft) that is adjacent to another neuron. The neurotransmitters are kept within small sacs called vesicles, and are released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis. These molecules then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell's side of the synaptic cleft. Finally, the neurotransmitters must be cleared from the synapse through one of several potential mechanisms including enzymatic degradation or re-uptake by specific transporters either on the presynaptic cell or possibly by neuroglia to terminate the action of the transmitter.The adult human brain is estimated to contain from 1014 to 5 × 1014 (100–500 trillion) synapses. Every cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly a billion (short scale, i.e. 109) of them.The word ""synapse"" comes from ""synaptein"", which Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues coined from the Greek ""syn-"" (""together"") and ""haptein"" (""to clasp""). Chemical synapses are not the only type of biological synapse: electrical and immunological synapses also exist. Without a qualifier, however, ""synapse"" commonly means chemical synapse.