Neurophysiology of sleep-wake states in relation to consciousness
... some kind of perception and consciousness, is involved in processing of ‘internal’ information. In line with this, rapid eye movement sleep has higher correlation dimensions than slow wave sleep. It is assumed that the ‘near-the-threshold’ depolarized state of neurons in thalamus and cerebral cortex ...
... some kind of perception and consciousness, is involved in processing of ‘internal’ information. In line with this, rapid eye movement sleep has higher correlation dimensions than slow wave sleep. It is assumed that the ‘near-the-threshold’ depolarized state of neurons in thalamus and cerebral cortex ...
Somatosensory Substrates of Flight Control in Bats
... that report hair movement in mice (Figure S2C; Abraira and Ginty, 2013). Punctate hair receptors were enriched along leading wing edges and were more dense over bones than between digits (Figures 2M and S2). Finally, superficial sensory arbors formed crescents around some hair follicles (Figure 2J). ...
... that report hair movement in mice (Figure S2C; Abraira and Ginty, 2013). Punctate hair receptors were enriched along leading wing edges and were more dense over bones than between digits (Figures 2M and S2). Finally, superficial sensory arbors formed crescents around some hair follicles (Figure 2J). ...
Descending Systems Translate Transient Cortical Commands into a
... the torque signal (Yanai et al. 2007). The PETH was obtained by counting spikes in 20-ms bins. We then averaged these histograms for the target nearest the neuron’s PD across all neurons (spinal and cortical neurons separately). This procedure yielded a population-based temporal profile of activity i ...
... the torque signal (Yanai et al. 2007). The PETH was obtained by counting spikes in 20-ms bins. We then averaged these histograms for the target nearest the neuron’s PD across all neurons (spinal and cortical neurons separately). This procedure yielded a population-based temporal profile of activity i ...
Integration of Perspective and Disparity Cues in Surface
... presented to each eye. The monkey wore polarized glasses to view these stimuli stereoscopically. ...
... presented to each eye. The monkey wore polarized glasses to view these stimuli stereoscopically. ...
cortico-cortical feedback controls spatial summation in
... Feedback from V2 controls visual responses of V1 neurons via two distinct mechanisms; excitation to the RF center and suppression via RF surround. Inactivating feedback strongly reduced spike-rates to stimuli within the RF center (mean spike-rate reduction 32.0 ± 6.03% pbootstrap < 10-5; control vs ...
... Feedback from V2 controls visual responses of V1 neurons via two distinct mechanisms; excitation to the RF center and suppression via RF surround. Inactivating feedback strongly reduced spike-rates to stimuli within the RF center (mean spike-rate reduction 32.0 ± 6.03% pbootstrap < 10-5; control vs ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... twice a day during feeding time, because the occurrence rate of vocalizations was the highest during that time. Before each session, the experimental animal was caught and placed in a monkey chair. There, the electrodes were moved into a new position and batteries were exchanged, if necessary. The d ...
... twice a day during feeding time, because the occurrence rate of vocalizations was the highest during that time. Before each session, the experimental animal was caught and placed in a monkey chair. There, the electrodes were moved into a new position and batteries were exchanged, if necessary. The d ...
Lateral olfactory processing
... mammalian olfactory bulb and its insect analog, the antennal lobe. These results are now beginning to elaborate which of these circuit motifs are operative in early olfactory processing and what role they play in odor coding (Aungst et al 2003; McGann et al. 2005; Olsen et al. 2007; Shang et al. 200 ...
... mammalian olfactory bulb and its insect analog, the antennal lobe. These results are now beginning to elaborate which of these circuit motifs are operative in early olfactory processing and what role they play in odor coding (Aungst et al 2003; McGann et al. 2005; Olsen et al. 2007; Shang et al. 200 ...
Continuous attractor network models of grid cell firing based on
... firing patterns are the result of computation of location from velocity inputs, with additional spatial input required to oppose drift in the attractor state. We focus on properties of continuous attractor networks that are revealed by explicitly considering excitatory and inhibitory neurons, their ...
... firing patterns are the result of computation of location from velocity inputs, with additional spatial input required to oppose drift in the attractor state. We focus on properties of continuous attractor networks that are revealed by explicitly considering excitatory and inhibitory neurons, their ...
Signals and circuits in the Purkinje neuron NEURAL CIRCUITS Ze’ev R. Abrams
... Purkinje neurons (PN) in the cerebellum have over 100,000 inputs organized in an orthogonal geometry, and a single output channel. As the sole output of the cerebellar cortex layer, their complex firing pattern has been associated with motor control and learning. As such they have been extensively mo ...
... Purkinje neurons (PN) in the cerebellum have over 100,000 inputs organized in an orthogonal geometry, and a single output channel. As the sole output of the cerebellar cortex layer, their complex firing pattern has been associated with motor control and learning. As such they have been extensively mo ...
(2012) Prediction of economic choice by primate amygdala neurons
... control trials, a choice between the accumulated reward and fixed reward amounts, which were indicated by pretrained visual cues. Both animals consistently chose the fixed reward when it exceeded the saved magnitude (Fig. 1E) (P < 0.001, Mann–Whitney test). This result suggested that monkeys kept trac ...
... control trials, a choice between the accumulated reward and fixed reward amounts, which were indicated by pretrained visual cues. Both animals consistently chose the fixed reward when it exceeded the saved magnitude (Fig. 1E) (P < 0.001, Mann–Whitney test). This result suggested that monkeys kept trac ...
Introduction
... Feed forward back-propagation network Being able to properly approximate non-linear functions and if properly trained will perform reasonably well when presented with inputs it has not seen before HVS is non-linear To be useful. ...
... Feed forward back-propagation network Being able to properly approximate non-linear functions and if properly trained will perform reasonably well when presented with inputs it has not seen before HVS is non-linear To be useful. ...
Quasi-isometric Representation of Three Dimensional
... Correspondence with the LSM theory • The neural network may be treated as a liquid • The readout function receives only the current state of the liquid and transforms it to an output signal • The system can perform several tasks simultaneously ...
... Correspondence with the LSM theory • The neural network may be treated as a liquid • The readout function receives only the current state of the liquid and transforms it to an output signal • The system can perform several tasks simultaneously ...
MSc Thesis Template Document
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity
... a brief tone (Tan et al., 2004; Wehr and Zador, 2003; Wu et al., 2008), an odor (Poo and Isaacson, 2009), or an oriented bar in the visual field (Anderson et al., 2000; Monier et al., 2003) lead to the concomitant occurrence of synaptic excitation and inhibition in sensory cortices. This co-occurren ...
... a brief tone (Tan et al., 2004; Wehr and Zador, 2003; Wu et al., 2008), an odor (Poo and Isaacson, 2009), or an oriented bar in the visual field (Anderson et al., 2000; Monier et al., 2003) lead to the concomitant occurrence of synaptic excitation and inhibition in sensory cortices. This co-occurren ...
Cutaneous mechanoreceptors
... They are classified as slowly adapting mechanoreceptors. In mammals, Merkel nerve endings have a wide distribution. Merkel nerve endings are found in the basal layer of glabrous and hairy skin, in hair follicles, and in oral and anal mucosa. In humans, Merkel cells (along with Meissner's corpuscles) ...
... They are classified as slowly adapting mechanoreceptors. In mammals, Merkel nerve endings have a wide distribution. Merkel nerve endings are found in the basal layer of glabrous and hairy skin, in hair follicles, and in oral and anal mucosa. In humans, Merkel cells (along with Meissner's corpuscles) ...
Sequential Development of Electrical and Chemical Synaptic
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
Cell-Type Specific Properties of Pyramidal
... We show that in both somatosensory cortex and VC, cell-type-specific properties define 2 populations of tufted L5 pyramidal neurons. Each subpopulation retains its basic properties between cortices. In both cortices, the 2 different populations can be clearly distinguished based on anatomical and func ...
... We show that in both somatosensory cortex and VC, cell-type-specific properties define 2 populations of tufted L5 pyramidal neurons. Each subpopulation retains its basic properties between cortices. In both cortices, the 2 different populations can be clearly distinguished based on anatomical and func ...
Neural Correlates of Vibrissa Resonance: Band
... p ⫽ 0.0005). The average NV tuning ratios demonstrated significantly sharper tuning than FSU (p ⫽ 0.002) responses, and RSUs were marginally more sharply tuned than FSUs (p ⫽ .06). To compare tuning across neural categories, BF- and FRF-centered average tuning curves were constructed (Figure 4C, lef ...
... p ⫽ 0.0005). The average NV tuning ratios demonstrated significantly sharper tuning than FSU (p ⫽ 0.002) responses, and RSUs were marginally more sharply tuned than FSUs (p ⫽ .06). To compare tuning across neural categories, BF- and FRF-centered average tuning curves were constructed (Figure 4C, lef ...
14. Development and Plasticity
... biological nervous systems such as (B) Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, which have strong input from climbing fibers through many hundreds or thousands of synapses. In contrast, the model as shown in (C) that utilizes specific input to a presynaptic terminal as is known to exist in invertebrate sys ...
... biological nervous systems such as (B) Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, which have strong input from climbing fibers through many hundreds or thousands of synapses. In contrast, the model as shown in (C) that utilizes specific input to a presynaptic terminal as is known to exist in invertebrate sys ...