PDF - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... rate decreases) the baseline rate. To construct population rate histograms (as in Fig. 2D), histograms from individual cells were meansubtracted and then averaged across the group. Most syllables during vocal babbling are less than 200 ms in duration, and, because syllable onsets are preceded by syl ...
... rate decreases) the baseline rate. To construct population rate histograms (as in Fig. 2D), histograms from individual cells were meansubtracted and then averaged across the group. Most syllables during vocal babbling are less than 200 ms in duration, and, because syllable onsets are preceded by syl ...
the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... as the central organ of thought. Aristotle (384-323 BC) laid what is now regarded as the foundations of comparative anatomy. He also conjectured that the mind and the body were merely two aspects of the same entity, the mind being one of the body’s functions. His views were further developed by Gale ...
... as the central organ of thought. Aristotle (384-323 BC) laid what is now regarded as the foundations of comparative anatomy. He also conjectured that the mind and the body were merely two aspects of the same entity, the mind being one of the body’s functions. His views were further developed by Gale ...
Energy balance
... Now, back to caffeine. • Caffeine binds to the receptors for adenosine, but has no effect on the receptors. • When caffeine is bound, adenosine can’t bind. Adenosine Caffeine ...
... Now, back to caffeine. • Caffeine binds to the receptors for adenosine, but has no effect on the receptors. • When caffeine is bound, adenosine can’t bind. Adenosine Caffeine ...
Hebbian learning - Computer Science | SIU
... In contrast to supervised learning, unsupervised or self-organised learning does not require an external teacher. During the training session, the neural network receives a number of different input patterns, discovers significant features in these patterns and learns how to classify input data i ...
... In contrast to supervised learning, unsupervised or self-organised learning does not require an external teacher. During the training session, the neural network receives a number of different input patterns, discovers significant features in these patterns and learns how to classify input data i ...
text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... 2. Output pathways: Output signals emanate from the GPi and the SNr (Fig. 6). The cells providing these output projections are all GABAergic and tonically active, with a mean firing rate in excess of 40 Hz. The output, therefore, can be considered to be vigorous, continuous and inhibitory. The GPi ...
... 2. Output pathways: Output signals emanate from the GPi and the SNr (Fig. 6). The cells providing these output projections are all GABAergic and tonically active, with a mean firing rate in excess of 40 Hz. The output, therefore, can be considered to be vigorous, continuous and inhibitory. The GPi ...
Remapping of Border Ownership in the Visual Cortex
... different rates depending on the initial border ownership, despite the showed significant persistence in this test (p ⬍ 0.05, ANOVA). visual stimuli being identical. This persistence enables us here to test However, many cells that did not reach this criterion were neverthewhether border-ownership s ...
... different rates depending on the initial border ownership, despite the showed significant persistence in this test (p ⬍ 0.05, ANOVA). visual stimuli being identical. This persistence enables us here to test However, many cells that did not reach this criterion were neverthewhether border-ownership s ...
Feedforward, horizontal, and feedback processing
... particularly in macaques, where most of the extrastriate cortex is buried in deep sulci. Earlier studies on squirrel monkey [61] and cat [62,63] showed that inactivation of area 18 led to an overall reduction of responsiveness of area 17 cells. Orientation tuning was not affected by area 18 inactiva ...
... particularly in macaques, where most of the extrastriate cortex is buried in deep sulci. Earlier studies on squirrel monkey [61] and cat [62,63] showed that inactivation of area 18 led to an overall reduction of responsiveness of area 17 cells. Orientation tuning was not affected by area 18 inactiva ...
PDF
... neurons had become fragmented into an accumulation of electron-dense granules by invading slender astrocytic cell processes containing glycogen granules and fibrils (Figure 2B–C). Small spots of condensed chromatin were scattered in the nucleus (Figure 2C, inset). These fragmented dark neurons were ...
... neurons had become fragmented into an accumulation of electron-dense granules by invading slender astrocytic cell processes containing glycogen granules and fibrils (Figure 2B–C). Small spots of condensed chromatin were scattered in the nucleus (Figure 2C, inset). These fragmented dark neurons were ...
Nervous Regulation
... Are specialized structures that are sensitive to changes in the external and internal environment ...
... Are specialized structures that are sensitive to changes in the external and internal environment ...
Neuroembryology of Neural Tube Defects
... Neural tube defects arise from failure of closure of the cranial or caudal neuropore. NTDs are caused by environmental and genetic factors. Inadequate fetal folate acquisition by rapidly proliferating neural tube or neural crest cells during critical periods may explain many cases of folate-responsi ...
... Neural tube defects arise from failure of closure of the cranial or caudal neuropore. NTDs are caused by environmental and genetic factors. Inadequate fetal folate acquisition by rapidly proliferating neural tube or neural crest cells during critical periods may explain many cases of folate-responsi ...
A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... piriform cortex. Quantitative descriptions such as these are important because they make it possible to construct realistic models and provide a constraint that theories of the olfactory circuit must fulfil. We show how quantitative descriptions can be useful for modelling by using our data to refin ...
... piriform cortex. Quantitative descriptions such as these are important because they make it possible to construct realistic models and provide a constraint that theories of the olfactory circuit must fulfil. We show how quantitative descriptions can be useful for modelling by using our data to refin ...
Reduced BOLD response to periodic visual stimulation
... flash and the numbers represent the length of the inter-flash gap, in units of screen refresh time. At 15 Hz, the periodic condition has a constant gap, of 50 ms (3 screen refresh times). The conditions ‘jitter narrow’ and ‘jitter wide’ have a non-standard (i.e. not 50 ms) gap, every alternate gap. ...
... flash and the numbers represent the length of the inter-flash gap, in units of screen refresh time. At 15 Hz, the periodic condition has a constant gap, of 50 ms (3 screen refresh times). The conditions ‘jitter narrow’ and ‘jitter wide’ have a non-standard (i.e. not 50 ms) gap, every alternate gap. ...
Extended PDF
... related neurons, as they provide crucial information on the division pattern and lineage potential of labeled progenitors, which would be otherwise unavailable from a conventional labeling strategy. We quantified the size of clones labeled at different embryonic stages and found that the average clo ...
... related neurons, as they provide crucial information on the division pattern and lineage potential of labeled progenitors, which would be otherwise unavailable from a conventional labeling strategy. We quantified the size of clones labeled at different embryonic stages and found that the average clo ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... and timetables of the birthdates of neurons were constructed (Fig. 12-4). Neurons in layer VI have the earliest peak (EI5), and 37% of them are generated earlier than those throughout layers V-II. Neurons in layer II have the latest peak (EI8), and 36% of them are generated later than those througho ...
... and timetables of the birthdates of neurons were constructed (Fig. 12-4). Neurons in layer VI have the earliest peak (EI5), and 37% of them are generated earlier than those throughout layers V-II. Neurons in layer II have the latest peak (EI8), and 36% of them are generated later than those througho ...
PDF
... of GABAergic network. This network acts as intrinsic modulator of cortical output since it is composed of local circuit neurons (interneurons; DeFelipe et al., 2013). Numerous studies analyzing laminar distribution and density of cortical GABAergic neuron subpopulations were performed in various spe ...
... of GABAergic network. This network acts as intrinsic modulator of cortical output since it is composed of local circuit neurons (interneurons; DeFelipe et al., 2013). Numerous studies analyzing laminar distribution and density of cortical GABAergic neuron subpopulations were performed in various spe ...
PPT - Michael J. Watts
... • Adds an additional layer (or layers) of neurons to a perceptron • Additional layer called hidden (or intermediate) layer • Additional layer of adjustable connections ...
... • Adds an additional layer (or layers) of neurons to a perceptron • Additional layer called hidden (or intermediate) layer • Additional layer of adjustable connections ...
Posterior cingulate cortex: adapting behavior to a
... Recent studies have provided evidence that both humans and nonhuman animals often employ sophisticated, model-based assumptions when learning about their environments [7,11,15]. That is, agents first determine an appropriate set of constructs by which to model the world, and then update the paramete ...
... Recent studies have provided evidence that both humans and nonhuman animals often employ sophisticated, model-based assumptions when learning about their environments [7,11,15]. That is, agents first determine an appropriate set of constructs by which to model the world, and then update the paramete ...
The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its
... Research done on humans by means of fMRI shows that… - the MNS interacts with motor preparation areas and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during imitative learning - there are two functionally divided sectors in the frontal component of the human MNS, of which only one is properly mirror The so ...
... Research done on humans by means of fMRI shows that… - the MNS interacts with motor preparation areas and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during imitative learning - there are two functionally divided sectors in the frontal component of the human MNS, of which only one is properly mirror The so ...
Spike train propagation in the axon of a visual interneuron,... Locusta migratoria
... generating signals that are much larger and far sharper than the noise inherent in the axon, allowing signals to maintain their integrity over long distances. Although expensive, action potentials better ensure that information will not be lost or degraded during its propagation down the length of t ...
... generating signals that are much larger and far sharper than the noise inherent in the axon, allowing signals to maintain their integrity over long distances. Although expensive, action potentials better ensure that information will not be lost or degraded during its propagation down the length of t ...
Lecture 12b - Spinal Cord
... • Area is monitored by a single receptor cell • The larger the receptive field, the more difficult it is to localize a stimulus ...
... • Area is monitored by a single receptor cell • The larger the receptive field, the more difficult it is to localize a stimulus ...