Understanding Embodied Cognition through Dynamical Systems
... lower left quadrant. As neurons in the nervous system are richly connected, there are many potential sources for such transient perturbations. Any given neuronal state will persist long enough to have an effect on other neurons only if it is stabilized against the majority of such perturbative inpu ...
... lower left quadrant. As neurons in the nervous system are richly connected, there are many potential sources for such transient perturbations. Any given neuronal state will persist long enough to have an effect on other neurons only if it is stabilized against the majority of such perturbative inpu ...
Selectivity and Tolerance - Center for Neural Science
... real-time eye tracking. Stimuli, reward, and data acquisition were controlled using customized software. Stimuli were presented on a cathode ray tube monitor with an 85 Hz refresh rate positioned 49 cm away such that it subtended 44 ⫻ 33°. All images were presented at the center of gaze, in a circul ...
... real-time eye tracking. Stimuli, reward, and data acquisition were controlled using customized software. Stimuli were presented on a cathode ray tube monitor with an 85 Hz refresh rate positioned 49 cm away such that it subtended 44 ⫻ 33°. All images were presented at the center of gaze, in a circul ...
Selectivity and Tolerance - Penn Arts and Sciences
... real-time eye tracking. Stimuli, reward, and data acquisition were controlled using customized software. Stimuli were presented on a cathode ray tube monitor with an 85 Hz refresh rate positioned 49 cm away such that it subtended 44 ! 33°. All images were presented at the center of gaze, in a circul ...
... real-time eye tracking. Stimuli, reward, and data acquisition were controlled using customized software. Stimuli were presented on a cathode ray tube monitor with an 85 Hz refresh rate positioned 49 cm away such that it subtended 44 ! 33°. All images were presented at the center of gaze, in a circul ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... The behavioraltasksaswell asstorageand display of data were the end of the filled area represents dimming of the spot. Bottom : locations of the fixation point and target points (o ) . In most experiments, the target controlled by computer (PC 9801 RA2 1, NEC, Tokyo). Eyeposipoint was chosen from 32 ...
... The behavioraltasksaswell asstorageand display of data were the end of the filled area represents dimming of the spot. Bottom : locations of the fixation point and target points (o ) . In most experiments, the target controlled by computer (PC 9801 RA2 1, NEC, Tokyo). Eyeposipoint was chosen from 32 ...
Retrieval of the diffuse attenuation coefficient Kd(λ)
... Purely empirical method Non-linear inversion Universal approximator of any derivable function Can handle “easily” noise and outliers Taking more spectral information ...
... Purely empirical method Non-linear inversion Universal approximator of any derivable function Can handle “easily” noise and outliers Taking more spectral information ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... result of damage), new neurons were counted exhaustively. This method of counting new neurons is more appropriate and yields a more accurate estimate than using stereological methodology in which estimates are obtained from much smaller, randomly sampled regions. Further justification for this count ...
... result of damage), new neurons were counted exhaustively. This method of counting new neurons is more appropriate and yields a more accurate estimate than using stereological methodology in which estimates are obtained from much smaller, randomly sampled regions. Further justification for this count ...
Action recognition in the premotor cortex
... Grasping neurons Those neurons that discharged in response to the sight of a hand approaching and grasping an object, we named 'grasping' mirror neurons. Some grasping mirror neurons stopped firing almost immediately as the hand grabbed the object, others continued to discharge for a while after the ...
... Grasping neurons Those neurons that discharged in response to the sight of a hand approaching and grasping an object, we named 'grasping' mirror neurons. Some grasping mirror neurons stopped firing almost immediately as the hand grabbed the object, others continued to discharge for a while after the ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... the occurrence of each of these events was therefore predictable. In the memory-guided saccade task, in contrast, these events followed variable intervals ( fixation, 1,000 –1,300 ms; memory, 700 – 1,000 ms) and the occurrence of these events was thus not predictable. The timing-cue and target locat ...
... the occurrence of each of these events was therefore predictable. In the memory-guided saccade task, in contrast, these events followed variable intervals ( fixation, 1,000 –1,300 ms; memory, 700 – 1,000 ms) and the occurrence of these events was thus not predictable. The timing-cue and target locat ...
XVI. COMMUNICATIONS BIOPHYSICS W. Dr. Ursula
... stimuli in the form of a decrease of amplitude in the steady-state response begins at rates between Z/sec and 100/sec. For rates between 100/sec and 400/sec, wherein the peripheral responses are still synchronized with the stimulus frequency, only the first few (1-3) responses are larger in size tha ...
... stimuli in the form of a decrease of amplitude in the steady-state response begins at rates between Z/sec and 100/sec. For rates between 100/sec and 400/sec, wherein the peripheral responses are still synchronized with the stimulus frequency, only the first few (1-3) responses are larger in size tha ...
cereb cort
... distinguished it is necessary for different sets of neurons to respond despite this overlap in input features. As a simple example, consider the task of representing two overlapping patterns: ‘ab’ and ‘abc’. A network consisting of two nodes receiving input from three sources (labelled ‘a’, ‘b’ and ...
... distinguished it is necessary for different sets of neurons to respond despite this overlap in input features. As a simple example, consider the task of representing two overlapping patterns: ‘ab’ and ‘abc’. A network consisting of two nodes receiving input from three sources (labelled ‘a’, ‘b’ and ...
Fixing Functionalism
... begins by introducing the notion of a constructor, which is intended to describe just how the mental supervenes on the physical. Chalmers (1996a) has argued persuasively that although it is likely that consciousness nomologically supervenes on the physical, it does not do so logically. Nomological s ...
... begins by introducing the notion of a constructor, which is intended to describe just how the mental supervenes on the physical. Chalmers (1996a) has argued persuasively that although it is likely that consciousness nomologically supervenes on the physical, it does not do so logically. Nomological s ...
The neuronal structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the
... the dendrites of relay cells in the cat GLN. It is generally considered that interneurons (Golgi type II nerve cells) play an important role in inhibitory processes [1,17,21,26]. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary thalamic relay, through which retinal signals pass to the cortex. Retinal a ...
... the dendrites of relay cells in the cat GLN. It is generally considered that interneurons (Golgi type II nerve cells) play an important role in inhibitory processes [1,17,21,26]. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary thalamic relay, through which retinal signals pass to the cortex. Retinal a ...
A Feedback Model of Visual Attention
... The Reynolds and Desimone model, in common with others (e.g., Olshausen et al., 1993), uses top-down signals to multiplicatively modulate the synaptic strengths of inter-regional connections so that attended information can be selectively routed to higher cortical regions. Equivalent results can be ...
... The Reynolds and Desimone model, in common with others (e.g., Olshausen et al., 1993), uses top-down signals to multiplicatively modulate the synaptic strengths of inter-regional connections so that attended information can be selectively routed to higher cortical regions. Equivalent results can be ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... coherence of neural population responses might provide a mechanism that is especially effective for increasing the salience of high-contrast stimuli. This would complement the attentional modulations of neuronal spike rates, which may be potentially limited by response saturation at high contrast. O ...
... coherence of neural population responses might provide a mechanism that is especially effective for increasing the salience of high-contrast stimuli. This would complement the attentional modulations of neuronal spike rates, which may be potentially limited by response saturation at high contrast. O ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... layers 1 and 2 are magnocellular layers, while the remaining dorsal layers 3 through 6 are parvocellular layers. Layers 1, 4, and 6 of the left LGN are connected to the glaucomatous right eye, while layers 2, 3, and 5 are connected to the nonglaucomatous left eye. To determine whether neurons are lo ...
... layers 1 and 2 are magnocellular layers, while the remaining dorsal layers 3 through 6 are parvocellular layers. Layers 1, 4, and 6 of the left LGN are connected to the glaucomatous right eye, while layers 2, 3, and 5 are connected to the nonglaucomatous left eye. To determine whether neurons are lo ...
Mirror Neurons Responding to Observation of Actions Made with
... (F). Note that also the motor response, as the visual response, began during the approaching phase of grasping and peaked when the hand or the mouth closed on the food. Figure 2 shows an example of a neuron (Unit 102) selective for the observation of an action made with pliers. The neuron discharged ...
... (F). Note that also the motor response, as the visual response, began during the approaching phase of grasping and peaked when the hand or the mouth closed on the food. Figure 2 shows an example of a neuron (Unit 102) selective for the observation of an action made with pliers. The neuron discharged ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... Data Acquisition and Analysis Horizontal and vertical eye position signals were directly obtained from the eye coil electronics (MEL-25, Enzanshi Kogyo, Chiba, Japan). Data were digitized and sampled at 1 kHz and were stored in files during the experiments for further off-line analysis that was perfo ...
... Data Acquisition and Analysis Horizontal and vertical eye position signals were directly obtained from the eye coil electronics (MEL-25, Enzanshi Kogyo, Chiba, Japan). Data were digitized and sampled at 1 kHz and were stored in files during the experiments for further off-line analysis that was perfo ...
Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... Pyramidal neurons in the subiculum typically display either bursting or regular-spiking behaviour. Although this classification into two neuronal classes is well described, it is unknown how these two classes of neurons contribute to the integration of input to the subiculum. Here, we report that bu ...
... Pyramidal neurons in the subiculum typically display either bursting or regular-spiking behaviour. Although this classification into two neuronal classes is well described, it is unknown how these two classes of neurons contribute to the integration of input to the subiculum. Here, we report that bu ...
Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... normalizing by the maximum magnitude of response during the grasping action, and averaging over all the mirror neurons. We also analyzed the multiunits that responded while observing under at least one of the eight grasping action conditions [paired t-test between Epochs 1 and 2, p < 0.05 after Bonf ...
... normalizing by the maximum magnitude of response during the grasping action, and averaging over all the mirror neurons. We also analyzed the multiunits that responded while observing under at least one of the eight grasping action conditions [paired t-test between Epochs 1 and 2, p < 0.05 after Bonf ...