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Slide 1
Slide 1

... – Example: mammillary bodies • Paired anterior nuclei • Olfactory relay stations ...
Anatomy of spinal cord
Anatomy of spinal cord

... myelinated nerve fibers  The white matter of the spinal cord is arranged in columns/funiculi; anterior, posterior and lateral.  The nerve fibers are arranged as bundles, running vertically through the cord.  A group of nerve fibers (axons) that share a common origin, termination and function form ...
Slide 8
Slide 8

... travel through the bloodstream. The hormones once secreted into the bloodstream travel throughout the body until they reach their target, which could include not only other endocrine glands but also muscles and organs. The pituitary gland or master gland oversees all the endocrine responses. However ...
CHAPTER 2 outline
CHAPTER 2 outline

... I. Introduction: Neuroscience and Behavior Biological psychology (also called biopsychology or psychobiology) is the scientific study of the biological bases of behavior and mental processes. Biological psychology makes important contributions to neuroscience—the scientific study of the nervous syst ...
Neuroanatomy I
Neuroanatomy I

... Vagus, the tenth cranial nerve, arises from the medulla and carries both afferent and efferent fibers. The afferent vagal fibers connect to the nucleus of the solitary tract which in turn projects connections to other locations in the central nervous system. Little is understood about exactly how va ...
spinal cord - (canvas.brown.edu).
spinal cord - (canvas.brown.edu).

... Role of gamma innervation Keep receptor "on-line" An example of central control of sensitivity (a common principle in sensory systems) Fiber calibers Varied Relate to function Nomenclatures (2) A, B, C scheme I - IV Cartoon of functional relevance Fat fibers = tactile and proprioceptive Thin fibers ...
Diencephalon: Thalamus
Diencephalon: Thalamus

... supraoptic nucleus: applied to the medial side of the lower end of the optic tract ...
As Powerpoint Slide
As Powerpoint Slide

... 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and ; 2 Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; ...
The Brain
The Brain

... • Egg-shaped masses of gray matter composed of several nuclei. • Receives nearly all sensory information on its way to the cerebral cortex then integrates and directs the information to an appropriate area of the brain. • Interconnected to limbic system so it is also involved in emotion and memory. ...
CHAPTER 12 AND 13 OUTLINE
CHAPTER 12 AND 13 OUTLINE

... White matter – dense collections of myelinated fibers ...
Document
Document

... Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • All neural structures outside the brain • Sensory receptors • Peripheral nerves and associated ganglia • Motor endings ...
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)

... Endocrine Functions of the Hypothalamus ...
Kevin
Kevin

... Impulses 6. Refractory Period • This occurs when the sodium and potassium ions are returned to their original sides. While the neuron is pumping the ions to their respective sides, it does not respond to incoming stimuli. After this is complete, the neuron is back to its polarized state and stays in ...
SinirBilimin Kısa Tarihi
SinirBilimin Kısa Tarihi

... Modern Day 2000[Neural Communication] The communication of discrete neurons (brain cells) using electrical and chemical signals (neurotransmitters) is well established and accepted (Neuron Doctrine). [Localist/Holist Debate] Extreme localism and holism have both been replaced by "connectionism." Thi ...
Physiology - Soran University
Physiology - Soran University

... but differ in structure (the number of processes, or axons, emanating from the cell body) and are found in different parts of the body. Sensory neurons or Bipolar neurons carry messages from the body's sense receptors (eyes, ears, etc.) to the Central Nervous system (CNS). These neurons have two pro ...
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The Nervous System - Peoria Public Schools
The Nervous System - Peoria Public Schools

... The nervous system is made up of the structures that control actions and reactions of the body in response to stimuli in the environment. The nervous system receives and sends out information about activities within the body and outside your body. It directs the way in which your body responds to th ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... pons----------------midbrain-----------medulla oblongata-cerebellum ...
Sense Organs - human anatomy
Sense Organs - human anatomy

...  They respond to excessive stimulation from heat or chemicals  Mechanoreceptors respond to physical forces on cells caused by touch, pressure, stretch, tension, or vibration  They include the organs of hearing and balance  They include many receptors of the skin, viscera, and joints o Receptors ...
in the central nervous system
in the central nervous system

... •The cell membrane is said to be polarized In the area of impulse: •Positive charge inside the cell is caused by the permeability change in the cell membrane – it becomes permeable to the Na+ - this reverses the polarity •The cell membrane is said to be depolarized ...
NeuralNets
NeuralNets

... • We can try to avoid this by initializing all weights/biases terms to very small random values and grow them during learning. • One can now check performance on a validation set and stop early. • Or one can change the update rule to discourage large weights: ...
Chapter 15 - Nervous System Brain & Cranial Nerves
Chapter 15 - Nervous System Brain & Cranial Nerves

... The blood brain barrier (BBB) is thought to be due to specialized endothelial cells that are influenced by the glial astrocytes. In the choroid plexus there is also a CSF-BBB formed by the ependymal cells. The BBB is absent in some places of the 3rd and 4th ventricles at patches called circumventric ...
THALAMUS
THALAMUS

... neurons results in inhibition of their output through an increase in potassium conductance (IKG) (McCormick). 3. In the cerebral cortex, activation of muscarinic, alfa1-adrenergic, or mGluR results in abolition of burst firing of layer V burst generating neurons and a switch to tonic, single-spike m ...
The nervous system - Science for Yr9@E
The nervous system - Science for Yr9@E

... 2. Sensory information brought to the CNS is processed and interpreted. 3. Motor nerves convey information from the CNS to the muscles and the glands of the body. Structure The nervous system is divided into two parts: 1. the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These stru ...
Sonia Gasparini, PhD  Degrees Assistant Professor of Cell Biology & Anatomy and
Sonia Gasparini, PhD Degrees Assistant Professor of Cell Biology & Anatomy and

... process depends on the neuronal morphology and the density and properties of dendritic voltage- ...
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Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
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