• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
21-Spinal Cord Tracts I
21-Spinal Cord Tracts I

... Motor Pathways • Contain a sequence of TWO neurons from the cerebral cortex or brain stem to the ...
28-1 Pt II - Southgate Community School District
28-1 Pt II - Southgate Community School District

... controls balance. – The medulla oblongata controls the functioning of many internal organs. – Optic lobes are involved in vision, and olfactory bulbs are involved in the sense of smell. – Vertebrate brains are connected to the rest of the body by a thick collection of nerves called a spinal cord ...
Control and Communication
Control and Communication

... b) Between weeks three and four the body gains most energy from protein c) Each food store decreases at a constant rate during week one d) Between weeks one and four the body only gains energy from lipid and protein 11. The diagram below shows some of the structures involved in a reflex action. ...
the brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
the brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

... the brain of subjects while they were shown a series of letter navons. A letter navon is a large letter composed of smaller letters as shown in the side box. The researchers soon found out that while the subjects concentrated on the small F's, the left hemisphere showed greater activity; when they f ...
Neuron File
Neuron File

... concentration differences of ions such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium. Changes in the cross-membrane voltage can alter the function of voltage-dependent ion channels. If the voltage changes by a large enough amount, an all-ornone electrochemical pulse called anaction potential is genera ...
Spinal cord 1
Spinal cord 1

... that arise from several adjacent spinal roots.  Nevertheless, lesions of a single spinal root, in many cases, can cause weakness and atrophy of a muscle ...
Results Introduction! Conclusions!
Results Introduction! Conclusions!

... experiments because they are very similar to their real counterparts in terms of their shape, size, and genetic expression levels. Furthermore, it is interesting to explore differences between IPSC cell lines because expression levels are different between the lines. It is important to note the chan ...
CURRICULUM OF PHYSIOLOGY
CURRICULUM OF PHYSIOLOGY

... and mean arterial pressure. Mechanism by which extracellular fluid volume elevates arterial blood pressure. – Pressure diuresis and natriuresis, mechanism. – Reninangiotensin-aldosterone system, components and activation. The principal effects of angiotensin II, mechanisms of water and salt retentio ...
A soft-wired hypothalamus
A soft-wired hypothalamus

... cocaine and amphetamine–regulated transcript (CART) in the arcuate nucleus and retrochiasmatic area and that provide innervation of the sympathetic ganglia at thoracic segments of the spinal cord28. This projection, which does not contact by NPY/AgRP fibers, is most likely to be important in the act ...
Neuro Anatomy
Neuro Anatomy

... ◦ A collection of nuclei involved in motivated behaviour (feeding, drinking, sexual behaviour) ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 20.1 Time
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 20.1 Time

... leads to redistribution of their dendrites. Source: From Sanes and Zipursky (2010). FIGURE 20.7 Four cellular processes that lead to regular arrangement of dendrites in the tangential plane of the retina’s inner plexiform layer. FIGURE 20.8 Schematic diagram of the effect of synaptic input on dendri ...
Physiolgy of the nervous system
Physiolgy of the nervous system

... - It acts as a barrier between neurons and blood capillaries to prevent harmful substances to reach neurons. ...
Comparison of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
Comparison of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions

... Postganglionic fibers produce long-lived, generalized, and specific activation of effector mechanisms by using norepinephrine neurotransmitter substance. Based on the transmitter substance used, most preganglionic fibers are classified as cholinergic and most postganglionic fibers as adrenergic (sw ...
1 Introduction to Nerve Cells and Nervous Systems
1 Introduction to Nerve Cells and Nervous Systems

... experiments. It is the remaining ability of the nervous system that is being tested under such circumstances. Stimulation, by either electrical or chemical means,has also been much used and has been important in human studies (the brain can be stimulated in conscious patients under local anaesthesia ...
34a549e98b7b384
34a549e98b7b384

... supply spinothalamic tract, spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract, fibers from the nucleus ambiguous, dorsal motor nucleus of the Vagus (cranial nerve X) & inferior cerebellar peduncle. So Occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery will produce a lateral medullary syndrome or Wallenberg’s s ...
Midterm 1 - studyfruit
Midterm 1 - studyfruit

... ● -bigger the mammal= more area of cerebral cortex ● -bumps(Sulci) and grooves (gyri) on the cerebrum are caused by the cerebral cortex ...
Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System

... Alternating cycles of sleep and wakefulness reflect a natural circadian rhythm The suprachiasmatic and preoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus regulate the sleep cycle Adenosine appears to be a sleep inducing chemical that accumulates in the brain ...
Keeping Your Body Healthy -The Nervous System-
Keeping Your Body Healthy -The Nervous System-

... The Nervous System • The body system that carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord and all other parts of the body is the nervous system. • Composed of 2 divisions: – Central nervous system – Peripheral nervous system ...
Spinal Cord and the Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal Cord and the Peripheral Nervous System

... transmitting sensory information about light touch, pain, and temperature. They travel to the thalamus in the dorsal column.  Some tracts in the spinal cord are for neurons transmitting sensory information about vibration. They travel to the thalamus in the lateral column.  Some tracts in the spin ...
Alterations in Neurons of the Brainstem Due to Administration of
Alterations in Neurons of the Brainstem Due to Administration of

... Abstract: A Quantitative Histopathology study on rats’ brainstem was used to analyze morphological alterations in the neurons and glial cells of rats that received inhaled tetrahydrocanabinol for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Puffing of smoke was performed with the use of a Hamilton syringe delivering 100ml pu ...
Somatosensory system
Somatosensory system

... • Medial pain system – Projection neurons synapse in medial locations in the central nervous system – Several pathways with variable numbers of projection neurons, not a three neuron pathway like fast pain. – The information from the medial pain systems is not somatotopically organized, so slow pain ...
Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease 11th edition
Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease 11th edition

... of chemical messengers (hormones) secreted into to the blood ◦ nervous system - employs electrical and chemical means to send messages from cell to cell ...
Participation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Mechanism in the Nucleus
Participation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Mechanism in the Nucleus

... Mentors: Stephanie Tjen-a-looi, John Longhurst In recent years, electroacupuncture (EA) has gained recognition as a safe and effective technique for treating several cardiovascular complications, and studies have validated its ability in manipulating blood pressure and heart rate. EA application at ...
Answer Key Chapter 28 - Scarsdale Public Schools
Answer Key Chapter 28 - Scarsdale Public Schools

... Two types of ion channels that inhibit action potentials are channels that bring Cl− ions into the cell and channels that release K+ ions out of the cell. 13. Briefly explain how a neuron can receive both excitatory and inhibitory signals and yet still fire an action potential in the receiving ...
Endocrinology – general, hypothalamus, pituitary
Endocrinology – general, hypothalamus, pituitary

... The opiomelanocortins are structurally very similar to each other; they are all made from the precursor proopiomelanocortin. They include ACTH and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). The structural similarity means that overproduction of ACTH causes skin pigmentation. ...
< 1 ... 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 ... 274 >

Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report