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Lecture 12 - Taft College
Lecture 12 - Taft College

... The combination of the passive forces of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane (leaky channels) and the active force of active transport Na+/K+ pump), there is an unequal distribution of ions leading to a membrane potential. This type of membrane potential is called a resting potential as the n ...
neurons
neurons

... and hypothalamus. ...
TEACHER`S GUIDE
TEACHER`S GUIDE

... Electrical Impulse—The movement of an ion current along the neuron membrane. It is generated in the cell body and moves along the axon to the terminal. Exocytosis—When an impulse arrives at the terminal, the vesicles fuse with the terminal membrane and release the neurotransmitters within them into ...
Neurobilogy of Sleep
Neurobilogy of Sleep

... septum, and diagonal band . These regions contain neurons that project to the cortex. • The ascending projections of this branch are joined by input from the TMN and lateral hypothalamus. • The ventral RAS is composed of projections from the DRN (5HT) and LC (norepinephrine [NE]). ...
introduction to peripheral nervous system 26. 02. 2014
introduction to peripheral nervous system 26. 02. 2014

... The major sensory modalities other than touch (vision, audition, smell, and taste) are sometimes referred to as special sensory. The hypothalamus controls the autonomic system, which has neurons that are bundled together with somatic system neurons in the cranial and spinal nerves. The sympathetic a ...
Chapter 13 The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Lecture Outline
Chapter 13 The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Lecture Outline

... -sensory neuron causes EPSP which is integrated with other stimuli 4. Motor neuron is activated -motor neuron is stimulated to threshold -action potential travels down motor neuron axon to effector 5. Peripheral effector responds -neurotransmitters released by motor neuron trigger events in effector ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... ● Glia: supporting cells essential for structural integrity of the nervous system and the normal functioning of neurons ● glia outnumber neurons ● in the CNS, astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate extracellular concentrations of ions and neurotransmitters o astrocytes are able to facil ...
Document
Document

... • Preganglionic neurons in the brainstem(nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X) and sacral segments of spinal cord (S2-S4) ...
Trigeminal pathways PP
Trigeminal pathways PP

... Outline the two pathways for facial sensation from the head. ...
CNS DEVELOPMENT - University of Kansas Medical Center
CNS DEVELOPMENT - University of Kansas Medical Center

... Inferior cerebellum and medulla are elongated and protrude into vertebral canal. Medulla and pons are small and deformed. Hydrocephalus. Malformation of lower cranial nerves: Deafness. Tongue, facial muscle, lateral eye movement weakness. ...
Understanding the Interactions and Effects of
Understanding the Interactions and Effects of

... myelin insulation on a motor neuron can decrease its ability to stimulate muscle cells and result in a lack of NGF being received by the connecting neuron leading to neuron cell death. The relationships among various cells are vital for communication and the maintaining of homeostasis within Fig. C: ...
Paper: Temporal Convergence of Dynamic Cell Assemblies in the
Paper: Temporal Convergence of Dynamic Cell Assemblies in the

... The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Schoo ...
RESEARCH LETTERS 3 Marwood RP. Disappearance of
RESEARCH LETTERS 3 Marwood RP. Disappearance of

... filamentous projections. 39.9% of the DAT* neurons were found in the putamen, 11.6% in the caudate nucleus, 16.3% in the globus pallidus externa, 6.2% in the globus pallidus interna, and 25.9% in the adjacent internal capsule and in particular the ansa lenticularis. In eight of the ten brains from p ...
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus

... Posterior nc.- elevating of blood pressure, pupillary dilatation, body heat conservation Mammillary ncc. – memory formation (fornix) ...
NERVE SYSTEM The nervous system is divided anatomically into
NERVE SYSTEM The nervous system is divided anatomically into

... only a few nerve cells, and scattered in the supporting tissue. Some are located within certain organs, especially in the walls of the digestive tract, where they constitute the intramural ganglia. As in other ganglia, the neurons are surrounded by numerous small support cells and afferent and effer ...
Skeletal System
Skeletal System

... motor neurons that innervate same visceral organs but cause essentially opposite effects If one division stimulates certain smooth muscle to contract or a gland to secrete, the other division inhibits that action Through this process of duel innervation the two systems counterbalance each other ...
Untitled
Untitled

... The inner ear doesn't just sense sound waves, it also helps us balance and orient ourselves in space (e.g., the vestibular senses). Otoconia (left) and Otoliths (right), are calcium carbonate-containing structures that sit on top of the sensory epithelia in the vestibular parts of the ear. These "ea ...
The yin and yang of cortical layer 1
The yin and yang of cortical layer 1

... Distinct populations of layer 1 inhibitory neurons inhibit or disinhibit layer 5 pyramidal cells. A massive patch-clamp recording effort, tapping up to eight cells simultaneously, maps their influences on the cortical network. Layer 1 (L1) of the neocortex stands apart from the other five cortical l ...
Unit 5: Nervous System
Unit 5: Nervous System

... FUNCTION ...
PDF
PDF

... signalling is widely believed to be regulated in an autocrine feedback loop by another Egfr ligand, Spitz, and the Egfr inhibitor Argos. On p. 2893, however, Laura Nilson and colleagues challenge this view by showing that the SpitzArgos feedback loop is not required for dorsal appendage patterning a ...
PDF
PDF

... signalling is widely believed to be regulated in an autocrine feedback loop by another Egfr ligand, Spitz, and the Egfr inhibitor Argos. On p. 2893, however, Laura Nilson and colleagues challenge this view by showing that the SpitzArgos feedback loop is not required for dorsal appendage patterning a ...
PDF
PDF

... signalling is widely believed to be regulated in an autocrine feedback loop by another Egfr ligand, Spitz, and the Egfr inhibitor Argos. On p. 2893, however, Laura Nilson and colleagues challenge this view by showing that the SpitzArgos feedback loop is not required for dorsal appendage patterning a ...
Chapter 12: The Central Nervous System
Chapter 12: The Central Nervous System

... Thalamus - "inner room" - 2 oval masses joined by a bridge called intermediate mass (interthalamic adhesion) (Fig 14.1 & 14.9) 2 masses form lateral walls of 3rd ventricle Thalamus is bounded laterally by internal capsule Gateway to cerebral cortex Incoming sensory neurons are sorted, regrouped and ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System

... Preganglionic neuron starts in thoracic or lumbar levels of spinal cord. Preganglionic neuron synapses with postganglionic neuron in a ganglion relatively far from effector cells Parasympathetic Division of Autonomic Nervous System Preganglionic neuron starts in brain or sacral level of spinal cord. ...
glucocorticoids
glucocorticoids

... of normal blood pressure. There are three mechanisms at least. 1) Cause permissive action, enhancing the response of vascular muscle to catecholamines. 2) Inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins that have vasodilator effect. 3) Reduces the permeability of capillaries, which is useful to maintenance of b ...
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Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
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