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... drive systems lies in the hypothalamus ...
Prenatal Central Nervous System Development
Prenatal Central Nervous System Development

... ventricular zone with the subventricular zone and back again (Caviness, et al. 2003). This movement is depicted in Fig. 2.6. On the other hand, proliferating subventricular zone cells do not move (See Nowakowski and Hayes 1999 for a more in-depth discussion of the cell cycle within the ventricular z ...
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... the hypothalamus and is the body’s main biological clock. – 2. When light hits the retina it sends a signal to the SCN which then relays a message to the pineal glands which in turn secrete melatonin which is a hormone that plays a key role in regulating sleep ...
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... are the cells responsible for the main functions of the brain. They respond to stimuli and activate responses. Originally, the glial cells were thought to glue the neurons in place. However, they also provide essential metabolic support for the neurons and may play a role in learning and memory. Thi ...
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the summary and précis of the conference

... eccentricity. One of the stimuli fell inside the receptive field of a neuron whose activity was recorded. Thus the responses to the same stimulus could be compared in two conditions, with visual attention inside or outside the neuron’s receptive field. At the same time, the local LFP was recorded fr ...
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... Figure 3.11 The endocrine system Some hormones are chemically identical to neurotransmitters (those chemical messengers that diffuse across a synapse and excite or inhibit an adjacent neuron). The endocrine system and nervous system are therefore close relatives: Both produce molecules that act on r ...
neuron-neuroglia
neuron-neuroglia

... Where is it located Generally? PNS Where is it located specifically? in ganglia of PNS Function: Protects and regulates nutrients for cell bodies in ganglia ...
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Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
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