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MPG-official form - Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
MPG-official form - Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology

... classification method is called “hedonic valence.” Studies of fruit flies revealed that odor features which could be characterized according to the scales of hedonic valence and odor intensity excited activity in a higher region of the brain, namely, the lateral horn. Depending on whether an odor wa ...
REGULATION nervous system
REGULATION nervous system

... •The cell membrane is said to be polarized In the area of impulse: •Positive charge inside the cell is caused by the permeability change in the cell membrane – it becomes permeable to the Na+ - this reverses the polarity •The cell membrane is said to be depolarized ...
Lec 7 Lab Demo Handout
Lec 7 Lab Demo Handout

... thermoeffector response giving increased contractile activity of skeletal muscles to increase metabolic heat production. It is referred to as shivering thermogenesis and has an electromyographically distinct pattern of motor unit discharges that is quantified as the integrated voltage (V) deflection ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... 3. Excretion of waste products: one-way flow from CSF to blood takes potentially harmful metabolites, drugs, and other substances away from brain 4. Endocrine medium for brain: CSF serves to transport hormones to other areas of brain ...
• - Frankfort-Schuyler Central School District
• - Frankfort-Schuyler Central School District

... The somatic and autonomic nervous systems cooperate to maintain homeostasis. o For example, if body temperature drops, the hypothalamus signals the autonomic nervous system to constrict surface blood vessels, reducing heat loss. o At the same time, the hypothalamus signals the somatic nervous system ...
Class Notes
Class Notes

... The somatic and autonomic nervous systems cooperate to maintain homeostasis. o For example, if body temperature drops, the hypothalamus signals the autonomic nervous system to constrict surface blood vessels, reducing heat loss. o At the same time, the hypothalamus signals the somatic nervous system ...
The nervous tissue is made up of
The nervous tissue is made up of

... • Crude awareness of sensation may be felt at the level of the diencephalons but a comprehensive awareness only occurs when the sensation reaches the cerebrum. • The hypothalamic part of the diencephalons also constitutes the center of control of all autonomic and endocrine functions of the body. ...
The Molecular Logic of Smell
The Molecular Logic of Smell

... projections, or cilia . The receptors are part of neuron s lhat can extend three to four centimeters from the inside of the nose to the brain. Structures known as axo ns run from the neuronal cell bod y to the olfactory hulb In the brain. In the bulb, ax' ons converge at sites called glomeruli; from ...
Taste and Smell - Liberty Hill High School
Taste and Smell - Liberty Hill High School

... Facial nerve (afferent) 2/3 anterior portion of tongue Glossopharyngeal posterior 1/3 of tongue Vagus nerve- few taste buds on epiglottis an pharynx These afferent fibers synapse in medullathalamus gustatory cortex in parietal lobes and fibers to hypothalamus in limbic system ...
Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue Nervous
Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue Nervous

... ____________– provide support and protection for neurons, maintain their environment, divide and fill space when a neuron dies - CNS: ...
the requirements of the neuroanatomy exam for dentistry students
the requirements of the neuroanatomy exam for dentistry students

... 1. the skin innervation in full details, which branch of which (cranial or other) nerve, the precise course of them including related structures of the skull (till the end of semester the complete route of transmission of sensory information (includding nuclei and pathways) is to be traced up to the ...


... Click here for publications related to neuropeptides The long term goal of this project is to identify factors that regulate secretion of neuropeptides generally, and to determine how these peptides regulate behavior. The motivation for this project is two-fold. First, insulin secretion, and its mis ...
Az alvás és ébrenlét, gondolkodás, morális és emocionális
Az alvás és ébrenlét, gondolkodás, morális és emocionális

... The projections from the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) to the main components of the ascending arousal system and block their activity (non-REM-on cells). Axons from the VLPO directly innervate the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of neurons in the major monoamine arousal groups. Within ...
Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter - CM
Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter - CM

... 2. Effects on smooth muscle cells: when norepinephrine binds to specific receptors it mediates the following changes (Figure 14.7): a. Constriction of blood vessels serving the digestive, urinary, and integumentary system occurs when norepinephrine binds to receptors, which decreases blood flow to t ...
Psychiatry`s age of enlightenment
Psychiatry`s age of enlightenment

... cell-specific form of deep brain stimulation.19 Safe use of viral-mediated gene therapy in humans has already been established, and optogenetic manipulation of ex vivo human retinal tissue has been achieved.20 Furthermore, much effort is being directed toward developing an optogenetic toolbox design ...
Limbic System Limbic `Lobe` Components Limbic System Components
Limbic System Limbic `Lobe` Components Limbic System Components

... … Anterior, preoptic, ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus … Bed nucleus … Septal ...
Motivation
Motivation

... brainstem, Hypothalamus hypothalamus and basal ganglia cause a loss of all goaldirected behavior  Stimulation causes drives in response to available incentives ...
Anatomy of the Somatosensory System
Anatomy of the Somatosensory System

... or polymodal receptors. Polymodal receptors respond not only to intense mechanical stimuli, but also to heat and to noxious chemicals. These receptors respond to minute punctures of the epithelium, with a response magnitude that depends on the degree of tissue deformation. They also respond to tempe ...
The Central Nervous System
The Central Nervous System

... • Tissue deprived of blood supply; brain tissue dies, e.g., blockage of cerebral artery by blood clot – Hemiplegia (paralysis on one side), or sensory and speech deficits – Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)—temporary episodes of reversible ...
Glia Ç more than just brain glue
Glia Ç more than just brain glue

... Therefore, much of what we know about glia has come from studies of isolated mammalian glia maintained in vitro. Although such analysis is useful and has taught us much about the basic properties of glia, it cannot tell us how glia interact with other cell types. Electrophysiological and calcium ima ...
Nervous System Project
Nervous System Project

... branch out from the brain and go to many places in the head such as the ears, eyes and face. Messages can also travel through the spinal nerves which branch out from the spinal cord. There are two major parts to the peripheral nervous system. The somatic (say so-mat-ik) system: ...
neuron
neuron

... cell body down the axon – Threshold - Each neuron receives excitatory and inhibitory signals from many neurons. When the excitatory signals minus the inhibitory signals exceed a minimum intensity (threshold) the neuron fires an action potential. ...
Neurons - MrsMcFadin
Neurons - MrsMcFadin

... • Neurons are classified according to the direction in which an impulse travels: 1. Sensory neurons = carry impulses from sense organs (eyes and ears) to spinal cord and brain. 2. Motor neurons = carry impulses from brain and the spinal cord to muscles and glands. 3. Interneurons = process informati ...
L9 - Internal structure of brain stem new
L9 - Internal structure of brain stem new

... Each color from those above will be pointed at the figure: ...
pttx
pttx

... (f) Chiton (mollusc) ...
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Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
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