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... • Both elicit different responses on various effectors Terminating Autonomic Neurotransmitter Actions • The enzyme acetylcholinesterase rapidly decomposes the acetylcholine that cholinergic fibers release. • Norepinephrine from adrenergic fibers is removed by active transport. ...
Homework 12
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Molecular Mechanisms of Appetite Regulation
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...   The PVN neurons synthesize and secrete neuropeptides that have a net catabolic action, including the corticotrophin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin, vasopressin, and oxytocin. In addition, PVN sends sympathetic outflow to the peripheral metabolic organs, including li ...
Regulation of systemic circulation
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Lecture 4 : Nervous System
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... The dendrites of neurons receive information from sensory receptors or other neurons. This information is then passed down to the cell body and on to the axon. Once the information as arrived at the axon, it travels down the length of the axon in the form of an electrical signal known as an action p ...
Lecture 38 (Rhythms)
Lecture 38 (Rhythms)

... The protein then changes the output of the neuron and inhibits further synthesis of the mRNA that created it. This cycle of expression/inhibition takes about 24 hours. ...
Chapter 48 – Nervous Systems
Chapter 48 – Nervous Systems

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Chapter 48 – Nervous Systems
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True or False Questions - Sinoe Medical Association

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BIO 141 Unit 5 Learning Objectives

... 23. Explain  why  someone  who  receives  damage  to  one  side  of  their  primary  motor   cortex,  is  unable  to  move  the  opposite  side  of  their  body.   24. Identify  the  cerebral  lobe  in  which  the  following  areas  a ...
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Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
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