Making Sense Of Human Pheromones: Receptors, Physiology, and
... the odor as unpleasant and describe it as a sweaty or urinous smell, and another group of people who find the odor pleasant and describe it as sweet, or a musky, perfume-like smell. Of people who cannot detect AND, most can acquire sensitivity to it by repeated exposure, and even those who already d ...
... the odor as unpleasant and describe it as a sweaty or urinous smell, and another group of people who find the odor pleasant and describe it as sweet, or a musky, perfume-like smell. Of people who cannot detect AND, most can acquire sensitivity to it by repeated exposure, and even those who already d ...
Action Potentials in Earthworms
... Background In the resting cell, the permeability of the membrane to potassium (PK) is greater than its permeability to sodium (PNa). Stimulation, like synaptic activity coming from other nerve cells, can depolarize (make less negative) the cell membrane. Sodium channels in the cell membrane are sens ...
... Background In the resting cell, the permeability of the membrane to potassium (PK) is greater than its permeability to sodium (PNa). Stimulation, like synaptic activity coming from other nerve cells, can depolarize (make less negative) the cell membrane. Sodium channels in the cell membrane are sens ...
Document
... The function of Vestibulospinal Syestem is to control of proper body posture and movement. Specially, human upright vertical position is unstable. A continuous activation of postural muscles is therefore required to avoid falling. The problem is complicated by the reduced dimension of the s ...
... The function of Vestibulospinal Syestem is to control of proper body posture and movement. Specially, human upright vertical position is unstable. A continuous activation of postural muscles is therefore required to avoid falling. The problem is complicated by the reduced dimension of the s ...
MPG-official form - Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
... evaluate the information that is sent via these senses to their brains. They must be able to tell good from bad odors. Good odors are important signals when animals search for food or a mating partner. Female insects also use olfactory signals to select a good oviposition place. Bad smells, on the ...
... evaluate the information that is sent via these senses to their brains. They must be able to tell good from bad odors. Good odors are important signals when animals search for food or a mating partner. Female insects also use olfactory signals to select a good oviposition place. Bad smells, on the ...
Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Pain Generation
... The chemosensitivity of nociceptors allows inflammatory and trophic mediators to act on these neurons. Sources of inflammatory mediators are inflammatory cells and non-neuronal tissue cells. The field of chemosensitivity is extremely complicated due to the large numbers of receptors that have been ident ...
... The chemosensitivity of nociceptors allows inflammatory and trophic mediators to act on these neurons. Sources of inflammatory mediators are inflammatory cells and non-neuronal tissue cells. The field of chemosensitivity is extremely complicated due to the large numbers of receptors that have been ident ...
Systems Neuroscience - College of William and Mary
... modeling (Fig. 5). We are developing biophysically realistic models of preBotC neurons that account for morphology, the known complement of ion channels in preBotC neurons, as well as the novel biochemical signaling pathways that integrate synaptic and transmembrane calcium fluxes to evoke the burst ...
... modeling (Fig. 5). We are developing biophysically realistic models of preBotC neurons that account for morphology, the known complement of ion channels in preBotC neurons, as well as the novel biochemical signaling pathways that integrate synaptic and transmembrane calcium fluxes to evoke the burst ...
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
... FIGURE 2.4 The interior of an axon. The right end of the top axon is at rest. Thus, it has a negative charge inside. An action potential begins when ion channels open and sodium ions (Na+) rush into the axon. In this drawing, the action potential would travel from left to right along the axon. In th ...
... FIGURE 2.4 The interior of an axon. The right end of the top axon is at rest. Thus, it has a negative charge inside. An action potential begins when ion channels open and sodium ions (Na+) rush into the axon. In this drawing, the action potential would travel from left to right along the axon. In th ...
Document
... Now indicate whether the following events would stimulate or inhibit skeletal muscle activity. stimulate Acetylcholine binds nicotinic receptors on the muscle cell membrane. inhibit Calcium is blocked from entering the axon end plate in the presynaptic neuron. stimulate ...
... Now indicate whether the following events would stimulate or inhibit skeletal muscle activity. stimulate Acetylcholine binds nicotinic receptors on the muscle cell membrane. inhibit Calcium is blocked from entering the axon end plate in the presynaptic neuron. stimulate ...
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – Chapter 37
... Physiology #9: As a result of the coordinated structures and functions of organ systems, the internal environment of the human body remains relatively stable (homeostatic) despite changes in the outside environment. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how the complementary ac ...
... Physiology #9: As a result of the coordinated structures and functions of organ systems, the internal environment of the human body remains relatively stable (homeostatic) despite changes in the outside environment. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how the complementary ac ...
A channel to neurodegeneration
... vascular tone and remodeling, the authors speculate that this report may help develop new therapies for blood pressure disorders. Unfortunately, selective agonists and antagonists for the P2X4 receptors are not yet available. ATPγS is a potent but not selective P2X4 agonist, whereas the nonspecific ...
... vascular tone and remodeling, the authors speculate that this report may help develop new therapies for blood pressure disorders. Unfortunately, selective agonists and antagonists for the P2X4 receptors are not yet available. ATPγS is a potent but not selective P2X4 agonist, whereas the nonspecific ...
Brain Fingerprinting
... technicians then present words, phrases and images that are both known and unknown to the patient to determine whether information that should be in the brain is still there. When presented with familiar information, the brain responds by producing MERMERs, specific increases in neuron activity. The ...
... technicians then present words, phrases and images that are both known and unknown to the patient to determine whether information that should be in the brain is still there. When presented with familiar information, the brain responds by producing MERMERs, specific increases in neuron activity. The ...
Definition of the limbic system
... One of its most important effects is causing the adrenal glands (which sit on top of the kidneys) to release epinephrine (aka adrenalin) into the blood stream. Epinephrine is a powerful hormone that causes various parts of the body to respond in much the same way as the sympathetic nervous system. B ...
... One of its most important effects is causing the adrenal glands (which sit on top of the kidneys) to release epinephrine (aka adrenalin) into the blood stream. Epinephrine is a powerful hormone that causes various parts of the body to respond in much the same way as the sympathetic nervous system. B ...
Unsupervised models and clustering
... Given a set of examples we want to find something interesting The experience is given by the collected “examples” The problem is that of “finding something interesting…” Without any information other than the data itself… The performance depends on how “interesting” is the obtained result ...
... Given a set of examples we want to find something interesting The experience is given by the collected “examples” The problem is that of “finding something interesting…” Without any information other than the data itself… The performance depends on how “interesting” is the obtained result ...
Examples of Allostatic Load:
... • Allostatic load pathology stemming from dysregulation of any one of these systems will also produce a vulnarability to other allostatic pathologies. • Extended Amygdala is an integral part of all these circuits and is well located to drive the CNS stress response. ...
... • Allostatic load pathology stemming from dysregulation of any one of these systems will also produce a vulnarability to other allostatic pathologies. • Extended Amygdala is an integral part of all these circuits and is well located to drive the CNS stress response. ...
Unsupervised models and clustering.
... Given a set of examples we want to find something interesting The experience is given by the collected “examples” The problem is that of “finding something interesting…” Without any information other than the data itself… The performance depends on how “interesting” is the obtained result ...
... Given a set of examples we want to find something interesting The experience is given by the collected “examples” The problem is that of “finding something interesting…” Without any information other than the data itself… The performance depends on how “interesting” is the obtained result ...
Optogenetics: Molecular and Optical Tools for Controlling Life with
... microbial (type I) opsins, seven-transmembrane proteins found in organisms throughout the tree of life, where they mediate lightsensing or photosynthetic functions, capturing light energy and using the energy to convey ions across cell membranes. These molecules had been studied since the 1970s for ...
... microbial (type I) opsins, seven-transmembrane proteins found in organisms throughout the tree of life, where they mediate lightsensing or photosynthetic functions, capturing light energy and using the energy to convey ions across cell membranes. These molecules had been studied since the 1970s for ...
A quick tour of the auditory system
... Mechanical stimulus into electrical signals • Basilar membrane vibrates up and down with sound wave, causing shearing motion by tectorial membrane - hair bundles are deflected • Bending of hair cell back and forth: excitation and inhibition ...
... Mechanical stimulus into electrical signals • Basilar membrane vibrates up and down with sound wave, causing shearing motion by tectorial membrane - hair bundles are deflected • Bending of hair cell back and forth: excitation and inhibition ...
CNS - Algonquin College
... different types of information into a coherent sequence of action, e.g. decision making. The motor ability for speech, i.e. muscle control, is also centered in the area. The posterior portion of the frontal lobe controls the initiation of voluntary movement. Dysfunction in this area may result in he ...
... different types of information into a coherent sequence of action, e.g. decision making. The motor ability for speech, i.e. muscle control, is also centered in the area. The posterior portion of the frontal lobe controls the initiation of voluntary movement. Dysfunction in this area may result in he ...
Nervous System - Lakeridge Health
... different types of information into a coherent sequence of action, e.g. decision making. The motor ability for speech, i.e. muscle control, is also centered in the area. The posterior portion of the frontal lobe controls the initiation of voluntary movement. Dysfunction in this area may result in he ...
... different types of information into a coherent sequence of action, e.g. decision making. The motor ability for speech, i.e. muscle control, is also centered in the area. The posterior portion of the frontal lobe controls the initiation of voluntary movement. Dysfunction in this area may result in he ...
Neural tube formation: Previously- apical constriction, convergence
... occurs in the head and trunk of most vertebrates. The hollow neural tube forms by secondary neurulation in the posterior region, often also called the tailbud. Here cells proliferate as an apparently homogeneous mass, then segregate to form the nerve cord and somites (Gilbert6). Organization of diff ...
... occurs in the head and trunk of most vertebrates. The hollow neural tube forms by secondary neurulation in the posterior region, often also called the tailbud. Here cells proliferate as an apparently homogeneous mass, then segregate to form the nerve cord and somites (Gilbert6). Organization of diff ...
Neuronal correlates of decision
... Responses of S2 neurons during the comparison period Many neurons in S2 did not respond in a purely sensory manner: their response to stimulus f2 was not simply a function of f2 frequency. Two particularly clear example neurons are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The trial blocks highlighted by thick black ...
... Responses of S2 neurons during the comparison period Many neurons in S2 did not respond in a purely sensory manner: their response to stimulus f2 was not simply a function of f2 frequency. Two particularly clear example neurons are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The trial blocks highlighted by thick black ...
2004 - 21st Century Science Initiative, Palisades, New York
... • Response of Neurons at a Single Site to Repeated Tones ...
... • Response of Neurons at a Single Site to Repeated Tones ...
Genealogy of the “Grandmother Cell”
... demonstration of the hierarchical processing of sensory information in the geniculo-striate system. In their schema, as one proceeds from centersurround to simple receptive fields and then to complex and then the (now revised) hypercomplex ones, both the selectivity of the cells and their ability to ...
... demonstration of the hierarchical processing of sensory information in the geniculo-striate system. In their schema, as one proceeds from centersurround to simple receptive fields and then to complex and then the (now revised) hypercomplex ones, both the selectivity of the cells and their ability to ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.