Diverse Origins of Network Rhythms in Local Cortical Circuits
... circuit interneurons are readily induced to fire even by extremely low levels of excitatory neuronal activity; they have resting membrane potentials close to their firing thresholds and rapid afterhyperpolarizing kinetics, which facilitate high spike frequencies. The important role of inhibitory int ...
... circuit interneurons are readily induced to fire even by extremely low levels of excitatory neuronal activity; they have resting membrane potentials close to their firing thresholds and rapid afterhyperpolarizing kinetics, which facilitate high spike frequencies. The important role of inhibitory int ...
What is RF diathermy?
... usually pocket size or smaller and is connected by wires to pads which are placed on the skin. A typical battery operated unit is able to modulate pulse width, frequency and intensity. It is thought to work in two ways: Pads are placed on or near the area of pain and low-intensity pulses are sent vi ...
... usually pocket size or smaller and is connected by wires to pads which are placed on the skin. A typical battery operated unit is able to modulate pulse width, frequency and intensity. It is thought to work in two ways: Pads are placed on or near the area of pain and low-intensity pulses are sent vi ...
Associated Reactions
... The stretch reflex of the calf muscles is differentially gated during locomotion. Presumed action of the shortlatency stretch reflex during the stance (a) and swing phase (b) of locomotion. a | This reflex system is facilitated by supraspinal influences on the pre- and postsynaptic elements during ...
... The stretch reflex of the calf muscles is differentially gated during locomotion. Presumed action of the shortlatency stretch reflex during the stance (a) and swing phase (b) of locomotion. a | This reflex system is facilitated by supraspinal influences on the pre- and postsynaptic elements during ...
Muscular System Notes
... ____________ – ability to respond to a stimulus (i.e.: nerve impulse) _____________ – muscle fibers that are stimulated by nerves contract (become shorter) and causes movement ______________ – ability to be stretched __________ – allows the muscle to return to its original shape after it has ...
... ____________ – ability to respond to a stimulus (i.e.: nerve impulse) _____________ – muscle fibers that are stimulated by nerves contract (become shorter) and causes movement ______________ – ability to be stretched __________ – allows the muscle to return to its original shape after it has ...
Human Nervous System
... • The cranial nerves are arranged in 12 pairs, so the two nerves on a pair are identical in function and structure. • These nerves serve both sensory and motor functions. ...
... • The cranial nerves are arranged in 12 pairs, so the two nerves on a pair are identical in function and structure. • These nerves serve both sensory and motor functions. ...
Substrate Stiffness and Adhesivity Influence Neuron Axonal Growth
... tissue [14,15]. The extracellular-protein fibronectin is also known to support survival and migration of neurons during their development [16]. While it has been shown that axon differentiation orients in the direction of increasing densities of such extracellular ligands [17], less is understood ab ...
... tissue [14,15]. The extracellular-protein fibronectin is also known to support survival and migration of neurons during their development [16]. While it has been shown that axon differentiation orients in the direction of increasing densities of such extracellular ligands [17], less is understood ab ...
Text S1.
... Intuitively, presynaptic APs that follow postsynaptic APs (Δt < 0) produce long-term weakening of synapses (dw < 0), and APs arriving at the synapse with reverse order (Δt > 0) produce the opposite effect (dw > 0). The largest changes in synaptic efficacy (A+ or A-) occur when the time difference be ...
... Intuitively, presynaptic APs that follow postsynaptic APs (Δt < 0) produce long-term weakening of synapses (dw < 0), and APs arriving at the synapse with reverse order (Δt > 0) produce the opposite effect (dw > 0). The largest changes in synaptic efficacy (A+ or A-) occur when the time difference be ...
![Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017009313_1-932f7069dbfdd3fd3915bbe942d02b0f-300x300.png)
Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]
... In the present investigation, 2-DG autoradiography was used to study the olfactory system of a terrestrial snail. This animal, as do all gastropod molluscs (Croll, 1983) uses olfaction as the principal sensory modality for perception at a distance (Chase et al., 1978; Chase and Croll, 1981; Chase, 1 ...
... In the present investigation, 2-DG autoradiography was used to study the olfactory system of a terrestrial snail. This animal, as do all gastropod molluscs (Croll, 1983) uses olfaction as the principal sensory modality for perception at a distance (Chase et al., 1978; Chase and Croll, 1981; Chase, 1 ...
hap6 - WordPress.com
... starts, it is propagated over the entire axon Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP Slide 7.19 ...
... starts, it is propagated over the entire axon Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP Slide 7.19 ...
Analyzing Neural Responses to Natural Signals: Maximally
... Bialek & de Ruyter van Steveninck, 2003). It can be shown that the dimensionality of the RS is equal to the number of nonzero eigenvalues of a matrix given by a difference between covariance matrices of all presented stimuli and stimuli conditional on a spike. Moreover, the RS is spanned by the eige ...
... Bialek & de Ruyter van Steveninck, 2003). It can be shown that the dimensionality of the RS is equal to the number of nonzero eigenvalues of a matrix given by a difference between covariance matrices of all presented stimuli and stimuli conditional on a spike. Moreover, the RS is spanned by the eige ...
Introduction to the Clinically Oriented Anatomy
... nerve provides innervation to this area of skin,” clinical anatomy asks, “Numbness in this area indicates a lesion of which nerve?” ...
... nerve provides innervation to this area of skin,” clinical anatomy asks, “Numbness in this area indicates a lesion of which nerve?” ...
Environmental Sensing and the Cellular Response
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To determine the functional significance of this observation, Dr. Corey’s lab and collaborators at Oregon Health Sciences University mutated tyrosine-61 of myosin-1c to glycine, which enlarged the ADP binding pocket so that it could be inhibited by oversized N6-modified ADP anal ...
Special senses - hearing and equilibrium
... Hearing – allows us to detect and interpret sound waves Equilibrium – inform us of the position of the head in ...
... Hearing – allows us to detect and interpret sound waves Equilibrium – inform us of the position of the head in ...
Homeostatic plasticity mechanisms in mouse V1
... neurons that it excites or inhibits. However, once established, perhaps by a slow plasticity process during development, a complexly interconnected circuit with all neurons at their activity set points would exert a powerful drive to restore any individual member’s activity to the set point if exter ...
... neurons that it excites or inhibits. However, once established, perhaps by a slow plasticity process during development, a complexly interconnected circuit with all neurons at their activity set points would exert a powerful drive to restore any individual member’s activity to the set point if exter ...
Neural computations associated with goal
... Consider a canonical decision making problem. Every day a hungry animal is placed at the bottom of a Y-‐maze and is allowed to run towards the upper left or right to collect a reward. The left ...
... Consider a canonical decision making problem. Every day a hungry animal is placed at the bottom of a Y-‐maze and is allowed to run towards the upper left or right to collect a reward. The left ...
Do Sensory Neurons Secrete an Anti-Inhibitory
... from the explants was quantified using a “midline crossover test”, in which the vertical midline of the aggrecan stripe was determined and the number of axons that crossed that boundary (crossovers) was recorded. Results From preliminary observations, it appeared that neurons were sometimes able to ...
... from the explants was quantified using a “midline crossover test”, in which the vertical midline of the aggrecan stripe was determined and the number of axons that crossed that boundary (crossovers) was recorded. Results From preliminary observations, it appeared that neurons were sometimes able to ...
A Primer on Neurobiology and the Brain for Information Systems
... these neurons are also called efferent neurons. Third, interneurons are nerve cells that communicate within local circuits. Thus, these neurons integrate information within a narrow region, rather than transmitting information to distant brain areas or other parts of the body (e.g., muscles). Inform ...
... these neurons are also called efferent neurons. Third, interneurons are nerve cells that communicate within local circuits. Thus, these neurons integrate information within a narrow region, rather than transmitting information to distant brain areas or other parts of the body (e.g., muscles). Inform ...
Chapter 2: The Biological Basis of Behavior
... c. Only by an increase in the frequency of firing in each neuron. d. By increasing the number of neurons firing and the frequency of firing in each neuron. ...
... c. Only by an increase in the frequency of firing in each neuron. d. By increasing the number of neurons firing and the frequency of firing in each neuron. ...
Information Processing in Motor Learning
... Transport the information necessary for all activities we carry out The language of the nervous system Relay of impulse within neuron: ...
... Transport the information necessary for all activities we carry out The language of the nervous system Relay of impulse within neuron: ...
Information Processing in Motor Learning
... Transport the information necessary for all activities we carry out The language of the nervous system Relay of impulse within neuron: ...
... Transport the information necessary for all activities we carry out The language of the nervous system Relay of impulse within neuron: ...
(Grades K-12) Create a model of the brain by using clay, Playdough
... The brain is made up of cells which are the basic unit of life. The most important are nerve cells or neurons. These are electrically active chemicals that do our thinking. Our brains have billions of neurons. Neurons look like trees with lots of branches. The branches spread out and their job is to ...
... The brain is made up of cells which are the basic unit of life. The most important are nerve cells or neurons. These are electrically active chemicals that do our thinking. Our brains have billions of neurons. Neurons look like trees with lots of branches. The branches spread out and their job is to ...
Olfactory cortex as a model for telencephalic processing
... point for evaluation of cortical computation. One reason is its relative simplicity (for instance, it has three primary layers instead of the six layers of the ...
... point for evaluation of cortical computation. One reason is its relative simplicity (for instance, it has three primary layers instead of the six layers of the ...
BOX 11.1 NEURONAL CABLE THEORY AND COMPUTATIONAL
... Rushton, 1946), but Rall extended its application to dendrites. Although much of Rall’s work used this equation to analyze voltage changes in simple linear cables, he also applied it to branching cables and showed that it could be used to analyze dendrites with arbitrary branching geometries. Indeed ...
... Rushton, 1946), but Rall extended its application to dendrites. Although much of Rall’s work used this equation to analyze voltage changes in simple linear cables, he also applied it to branching cables and showed that it could be used to analyze dendrites with arbitrary branching geometries. Indeed ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.