Estuarine Ecology Comprehensive Information
... during the late summer months when temperatures climb to their highest levels of the year. Oxygen is removed from the water by aerobic respiration and bacterial decomposition. Respiration is a process in which animals and plants take up oxygen from the water and produce carbon dioxide. Respiration o ...
... during the late summer months when temperatures climb to their highest levels of the year. Oxygen is removed from the water by aerobic respiration and bacterial decomposition. Respiration is a process in which animals and plants take up oxygen from the water and produce carbon dioxide. Respiration o ...
Toward an old-growth concept for grasslands, savannas, and
... growth is limited by shallow soils, low soil moisture availability, seasonal flooding, or high concentrations of toxic metals. Because these “edaphic” (influenced by soil properties) grasslands are less dependent on frequent disturbances than are mesic grasslands, they are often the only representat ...
... growth is limited by shallow soils, low soil moisture availability, seasonal flooding, or high concentrations of toxic metals. Because these “edaphic” (influenced by soil properties) grasslands are less dependent on frequent disturbances than are mesic grasslands, they are often the only representat ...
Introduction to Landscape Ecology
... Perturbation at one scale may be equilibrium at a larger scale. Notion of natural range of variation and application as a guide for management ...
... Perturbation at one scale may be equilibrium at a larger scale. Notion of natural range of variation and application as a guide for management ...
Salt marsh hydrology assessment report - BIOEEOS660
... As outlined in Figure 1, water table and hydroperiod, as well as water flux, are the important factors that determine hydrology in marshes. Edaphic factors such as salinity, pH, oxygen and sulfide levels are all highly dependent on these hydrological processes. The level of these edaphic factors in ...
... As outlined in Figure 1, water table and hydroperiod, as well as water flux, are the important factors that determine hydrology in marshes. Edaphic factors such as salinity, pH, oxygen and sulfide levels are all highly dependent on these hydrological processes. The level of these edaphic factors in ...
Gelatinous plankton: irregularities rule the world (sometimes)
... to poor trophic phasing (Fig. lb) (Parsons 1988), reducing the energy transfer efficiency in the pelagic domain but increasing the available resources for benthic filter-feeders (as sinking organic matter) (Riisgard et al. 1996, Gili & Coma 1998). The benefits of trophic phasing to either pelagic or ...
... to poor trophic phasing (Fig. lb) (Parsons 1988), reducing the energy transfer efficiency in the pelagic domain but increasing the available resources for benthic filter-feeders (as sinking organic matter) (Riisgard et al. 1996, Gili & Coma 1998). The benefits of trophic phasing to either pelagic or ...
PowerPoint Presentation - No Slide Title
... • Primary succession can occur – on new islands created by volcanic eruptions – in areas exposed when a glacier retreats – any other surface that has not previously supported life • Primary succession is much slower than secondary succession. This is because it begins where there is no soil. ...
... • Primary succession can occur – on new islands created by volcanic eruptions – in areas exposed when a glacier retreats – any other surface that has not previously supported life • Primary succession is much slower than secondary succession. This is because it begins where there is no soil. ...
Evaluation of Large Ocean Management Area (LOMA)
... LOMA breaks based primarily on ecosystem considerations but also based to some extent on practical and administrative realities. Specifically we were asked to: 1. Review and critique current boundary options. 2. Reference information from datasets and publications of both human activities and ecosys ...
... LOMA breaks based primarily on ecosystem considerations but also based to some extent on practical and administrative realities. Specifically we were asked to: 1. Review and critique current boundary options. 2. Reference information from datasets and publications of both human activities and ecosys ...
Primary producers sustaining macro-invertebrate
... 1984; France 1998), and even less is known about the feeding habits of mangrove-dwelling gastropods which are often referred to as ‘deposit-feeders’ (Plaziat 1984), with little information on their selectivity for mangrove detritus or algal food sources (e.g. Yipp 1980; Rodelli et al. 1984). Benthic ...
... 1984; France 1998), and even less is known about the feeding habits of mangrove-dwelling gastropods which are often referred to as ‘deposit-feeders’ (Plaziat 1984), with little information on their selectivity for mangrove detritus or algal food sources (e.g. Yipp 1980; Rodelli et al. 1984). Benthic ...
Crossfertilizing aquatic and terrestrial research to understand
... cascades (BMTC)16 ]. Habitat shifts in response to predation risk are more difficult to document and often go unrecognized in pelagic habitats of the ocean and in limnetic and profundal zones of freshwater systems, which are less discrete, yet such shifts certainly occur. For example, one of the lar ...
... cascades (BMTC)16 ]. Habitat shifts in response to predation risk are more difficult to document and often go unrecognized in pelagic habitats of the ocean and in limnetic and profundal zones of freshwater systems, which are less discrete, yet such shifts certainly occur. For example, one of the lar ...
Asymmetrical food web responses in trophic
... Voigt et al. 2003). These disproportionate losses at higher trophic levels can generate asymmetrical responses in food web structure and have important implications for the flow of energy in aquatic systems. The prevalence of trophic asymmetry as a response to stress, and precisely whether or how ec ...
... Voigt et al. 2003). These disproportionate losses at higher trophic levels can generate asymmetrical responses in food web structure and have important implications for the flow of energy in aquatic systems. The prevalence of trophic asymmetry as a response to stress, and precisely whether or how ec ...
Effects of Toxic Cyanobacteria (Microcystis Aeruginosa)
... All of the organisms that inhabit aquatic systems can be placed into a category of autotrophic or heterotrophic. Autotrophs are the primary producers that generate biomass from the sun and carbon dioxide (CO2). Heterotrophs on the other hand, are organisms that rely on other organisms as sources of ...
... All of the organisms that inhabit aquatic systems can be placed into a category of autotrophic or heterotrophic. Autotrophs are the primary producers that generate biomass from the sun and carbon dioxide (CO2). Heterotrophs on the other hand, are organisms that rely on other organisms as sources of ...
Alberta Biology 20-30 Sample CAB Questions - McGraw
... 29. Use the following information to answer the next two questions Jean Baptiste de Lamarck published his theory of evolution in 1809 in his book ‘Philosophie Zoologique’. Lamarck’s theory of evolution is also known as Lamarckism. Lamarckism was widely accepted until Darwin’s theory was published in ...
... 29. Use the following information to answer the next two questions Jean Baptiste de Lamarck published his theory of evolution in 1809 in his book ‘Philosophie Zoologique’. Lamarck’s theory of evolution is also known as Lamarckism. Lamarckism was widely accepted until Darwin’s theory was published in ...
parks victoria technical series ecosystem conceptual models for
... This report presents ecosystem conceptual models for seven of the nine natural ecosystems that occur across Victoria. For each of these systems the conceptual models identify values, threats, processes and drivers of ecosystem health, as well as potential management responses/ interventions. We aim ...
... This report presents ecosystem conceptual models for seven of the nine natural ecosystems that occur across Victoria. For each of these systems the conceptual models identify values, threats, processes and drivers of ecosystem health, as well as potential management responses/ interventions. We aim ...
1 Carbon and Energy in Ecosystems Diagnostic Question
... Interpreting Student Responses: Students must understand that trees both photosynthesize and respire, that net carbon dioxide exchange between the forest and atmosphere is the summation of the photosynthesis and respiration occurring in all individual organisms, and that old growth forests are not e ...
... Interpreting Student Responses: Students must understand that trees both photosynthesize and respire, that net carbon dioxide exchange between the forest and atmosphere is the summation of the photosynthesis and respiration occurring in all individual organisms, and that old growth forests are not e ...
Grandma Johnson Diagnostic Question Cluster
... Interpreting Student Responses: Students must understand that trees both photosynthesize and respire, that net carbon dioxide exchange between the forest and atmosphere is the summation of the photosynthesis and respiration occurring in all individual organisms, and that old growth forests are not e ...
... Interpreting Student Responses: Students must understand that trees both photosynthesize and respire, that net carbon dioxide exchange between the forest and atmosphere is the summation of the photosynthesis and respiration occurring in all individual organisms, and that old growth forests are not e ...
Rethinking Adaptation the niche
... features of niche construction, and although none can be described as providing a satisfactory general theory of the role of niche construction in evolution, all at least inadvertently encourage the view that niche construction is likely to be evolutionarily consequential. In some respects, these mo ...
... features of niche construction, and although none can be described as providing a satisfactory general theory of the role of niche construction in evolution, all at least inadvertently encourage the view that niche construction is likely to be evolutionarily consequential. In some respects, these mo ...
Our Natural Heritage, Bioregional Pride
... term ecoregion, we are referring to all the biotic and abiotic elements—plants, animals, climate, landform, surface water, soil, ground water, bedrock—with the emphasis on science and conservation. The Ecoregion map in Activity 3 shows some general regions, at a coarse scale. These could be subdivid ...
... term ecoregion, we are referring to all the biotic and abiotic elements—plants, animals, climate, landform, surface water, soil, ground water, bedrock—with the emphasis on science and conservation. The Ecoregion map in Activity 3 shows some general regions, at a coarse scale. These could be subdivid ...
SUCCESSION AND STABILITY
... soil depth and depth of all major soil horizons show significant increase from pioneer community 9 Soil properties (influencing the kinds of organisms that can grow) also changed during succession, i.e., ...
... soil depth and depth of all major soil horizons show significant increase from pioneer community 9 Soil properties (influencing the kinds of organisms that can grow) also changed during succession, i.e., ...
The role of earthworms for assessment of sustainability and as
... Categorizing living creatures based on their ecological characteristics is a limited and sometimes ambiguous way to operate, but clearly offers practical advantages such as the ability to assess different environments. Earthworms can be divided into the following general categories, which take into ...
... Categorizing living creatures based on their ecological characteristics is a limited and sometimes ambiguous way to operate, but clearly offers practical advantages such as the ability to assess different environments. Earthworms can be divided into the following general categories, which take into ...
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... nutrient conservation, litter decomposition can be expected to decrease with ongoing succession. Conversely, if changes in CWM leaf traits are related to high productivity, litter decomposition should increase. However, as litter decomposition does not depend on a single trait, and in addition to LE ...
... nutrient conservation, litter decomposition can be expected to decrease with ongoing succession. Conversely, if changes in CWM leaf traits are related to high productivity, litter decomposition should increase. However, as litter decomposition does not depend on a single trait, and in addition to LE ...
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.