Plant nitrogen-use strategy as a driver of
... for instance resulting from direct competition or stimulation. Model 1 was used to test the first hypothesis (a positive rhizosphere effect) and was fitted to both rhizosphere and bulk soil data, to assess the difference between them. Model 2 was fitted to rhizosphere data only, assessing both the s ...
... for instance resulting from direct competition or stimulation. Model 1 was used to test the first hypothesis (a positive rhizosphere effect) and was fitted to both rhizosphere and bulk soil data, to assess the difference between them. Model 2 was fitted to rhizosphere data only, assessing both the s ...
Interactions between organisms and the abiotic environment
... Rate at which producers use photosynthesis to fix inorganic carbon into the organic carbon of their tissues These producers must use some of the total biomass they produce for their own respiration ...
... Rate at which producers use photosynthesis to fix inorganic carbon into the organic carbon of their tissues These producers must use some of the total biomass they produce for their own respiration ...
Jeopardy Ecology Exam Review
... New York’s Finger Lakes, which were formed by the same process as were the Great Lakes, ...
... New York’s Finger Lakes, which were formed by the same process as were the Great Lakes, ...
Compensation masks trophic cascades in complex food
... the feeding relationships between interacting species within an ecosystem. Understanding how the complexity of these networks influences their response to changing top-down control is a central challenge in ecology. Here, we provide a model-based investigation of trophic cascades — an oft-studied ec ...
... the feeding relationships between interacting species within an ecosystem. Understanding how the complexity of these networks influences their response to changing top-down control is a central challenge in ecology. Here, we provide a model-based investigation of trophic cascades — an oft-studied ec ...
Jeopardy Ecology Exam Review
... New York’s Finger Lakes, which were formed by the same process as were the Great Lakes, ...
... New York’s Finger Lakes, which were formed by the same process as were the Great Lakes, ...
Ecosystem Impact of the Decline of Large Whales in the North Pacific
... Individual Whale Prey Biomass Consumption Based upon estimates from allometric models of respiration rate, the metabolic rates of large whales range from 43 kW for blue whales to 7.4 kW for minke whales (Table 16.2). Using these values, we estimated the mean PBR to sustain individual whales ranged f ...
... Individual Whale Prey Biomass Consumption Based upon estimates from allometric models of respiration rate, the metabolic rates of large whales range from 43 kW for blue whales to 7.4 kW for minke whales (Table 16.2). Using these values, we estimated the mean PBR to sustain individual whales ranged f ...
The meaning of functional trait composition of food webs for
... could be further divided into two subcategories [39,40]: ‘foraging traits’ determine the type of preys a predator will look for. For instance, the shape of mouthparts of several arthropods such as ground beetles will tell us much about their optimal prey type [41]. Such traits are often regrouped in ...
... could be further divided into two subcategories [39,40]: ‘foraging traits’ determine the type of preys a predator will look for. For instance, the shape of mouthparts of several arthropods such as ground beetles will tell us much about their optimal prey type [41]. Such traits are often regrouped in ...
The meaning of functional trait composition of food webs for
... could be further divided into two subcategories [39,40]: ‘foraging traits’ determine the type of preys a predator will look for. For instance, the shape of mouthparts of several arthropods such as ground beetles will tell us much about their optimal prey type [41]. Such traits are often regrouped in ...
... could be further divided into two subcategories [39,40]: ‘foraging traits’ determine the type of preys a predator will look for. For instance, the shape of mouthparts of several arthropods such as ground beetles will tell us much about their optimal prey type [41]. Such traits are often regrouped in ...
Conceptual Ecological Modelling of Shallow Sublittoral Sand
... presents confidence in the links between each model component. The models are split into seven levels and take spatial and temporal scale into account through their design, as well as magnitude and direction of influence. The seven levels include regional to global drivers, water column processes, l ...
... presents confidence in the links between each model component. The models are split into seven levels and take spatial and temporal scale into account through their design, as well as magnitude and direction of influence. The seven levels include regional to global drivers, water column processes, l ...
Soil health in agricultural systems
... Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK Soil health is presented as an integrative property that reflects the capacity of soil to respond to agricultural intervention, so that it continues to support both the agricultural production and the provision of other e ...
... Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK Soil health is presented as an integrative property that reflects the capacity of soil to respond to agricultural intervention, so that it continues to support both the agricultural production and the provision of other e ...
Assessing the role of large herbivores in the
... other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not ...
... other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not ...
Construction and validation of food webs using logic
... human activity is having a significant and escalating impact on the biodiversity of world ecosystems, reducing both their long-term resilience and productivity. The MEA developed a framework for evaluating the effects of changes in biodiversity on ecosystems, and the value of those changes in servic ...
... human activity is having a significant and escalating impact on the biodiversity of world ecosystems, reducing both their long-term resilience and productivity. The MEA developed a framework for evaluating the effects of changes in biodiversity on ecosystems, and the value of those changes in servic ...
Controlling Fire Tree (Myrica faya) in Hawaii
... released into the soil it undergoes many transformations through processes such as nitrification and denitrification. Most importantly, nitrogen fixation transforms unavailable nitrogen into a form that can be exploited for energy, which eventually will be released into the soil environment to becom ...
... released into the soil it undergoes many transformations through processes such as nitrification and denitrification. Most importantly, nitrogen fixation transforms unavailable nitrogen into a form that can be exploited for energy, which eventually will be released into the soil environment to becom ...
Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 1
... 2005. Although ES had been studied before then, under a variety of different names and from somewhat different perspectives, it was with the MEA that the field really took off. The number of papers on ES has been growing since then, with ES accounting for an ever-larger slice of the total number of ...
... 2005. Although ES had been studied before then, under a variety of different names and from somewhat different perspectives, it was with the MEA that the field really took off. The number of papers on ES has been growing since then, with ES accounting for an ever-larger slice of the total number of ...
AP BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 2013
... 18. Describe the nitrogen cycle and explain the importance of nitrogen fixation to all living organisms. 19. Describe the phosphorus cycle and explain how phosphorus is recycled locally in most ecosystems. 20. Explain how decomposition affects the rate of nutrient cycling in ecosystems. 21. Describe ...
... 18. Describe the nitrogen cycle and explain the importance of nitrogen fixation to all living organisms. 19. Describe the phosphorus cycle and explain how phosphorus is recycled locally in most ecosystems. 20. Explain how decomposition affects the rate of nutrient cycling in ecosystems. 21. Describe ...
Keystone Interactions: Salmon and Bear in Riparian Forests of Alaska
... increased forest is significantly not both salmon and bear, but by either species of salmon and bear The interactions individually. to of ...
... increased forest is significantly not both salmon and bear, but by either species of salmon and bear The interactions individually. to of ...
Eco-evolutionary feedbacks in community and ecosystem ecology
... Hairston et al. 2005). Theoretical results indicate that eco-evolutionary feedbacks can emerge even in the presence of external environmental or evolutionary drivers (Laland et al. 1999). Finally, although not necessary for eco-evolutionary feedbacks, populationlevel (intraspecific) genetic and phen ...
... Hairston et al. 2005). Theoretical results indicate that eco-evolutionary feedbacks can emerge even in the presence of external environmental or evolutionary drivers (Laland et al. 1999). Finally, although not necessary for eco-evolutionary feedbacks, populationlevel (intraspecific) genetic and phen ...
terrestrial food webs All wet or dried up? Real differences between
... times faster than grasslands and 10 times faster than multicellular aquatic producers. Since net primary productivity does not vary by system, less carbon is stored in the living autotroph biomass pool and producer biomass is consumed by aquatic herbivores at four times the terrestrial rate. Althoug ...
... times faster than grasslands and 10 times faster than multicellular aquatic producers. Since net primary productivity does not vary by system, less carbon is stored in the living autotroph biomass pool and producer biomass is consumed by aquatic herbivores at four times the terrestrial rate. Althoug ...
The role of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi - JyX
... The basis of the mutualistic AM symbiosis is bidirectional transfer of nutrients with the result that fitness of both organisms increases. AM fungi provide plants with soilderived mineral nutrients (Marschner & Dell 1994), and in exhange, up to 20% of plants net photosynthate, organic C, is transfer ...
... The basis of the mutualistic AM symbiosis is bidirectional transfer of nutrients with the result that fitness of both organisms increases. AM fungi provide plants with soilderived mineral nutrients (Marschner & Dell 1994), and in exhange, up to 20% of plants net photosynthate, organic C, is transfer ...
What is NPP? Inconsistent accounting of respiratory fluxes in the
... it is we want NPP to measure. Quantifying the net fixation of energy by photosynthesis over the interval (equation 6) is ecologically appealing, and addresses directly the rate at which new resources are being added to the biosphere. In contrast, including total autotrophic respiratory losses in the ...
... it is we want NPP to measure. Quantifying the net fixation of energy by photosynthesis over the interval (equation 6) is ecologically appealing, and addresses directly the rate at which new resources are being added to the biosphere. In contrast, including total autotrophic respiratory losses in the ...
Hammock Homes for Hangouts
... Overview and History Pine flatwoods are characterized by low, flat land; poorlydrained, sandy soils; an open overstory of pines; and frequent fires. While the availability of water varies with the local topography and seasonal rainfall the soil may stay wet for much of the year since the flatness o ...
... Overview and History Pine flatwoods are characterized by low, flat land; poorlydrained, sandy soils; an open overstory of pines; and frequent fires. While the availability of water varies with the local topography and seasonal rainfall the soil may stay wet for much of the year since the flatness o ...
scoring - Aqualife
... It’s not enough: the «controversial» fracking Cavitation hydrovibration is a process using a device that fractures rock using a pressurized water pulse action on rock stratum to increase the degree of fracturing. The device is ...
... It’s not enough: the «controversial» fracking Cavitation hydrovibration is a process using a device that fractures rock using a pressurized water pulse action on rock stratum to increase the degree of fracturing. The device is ...
5.1 Celtic Sea Ecoregion-Ecosystem overview
... and otter trawling and other activities such as anchoring, hydrodynamic dredging, and cable burial. Using vessel monitoring system (VMS) and logbook data ICES estimates that mobile bottom trawls used by commercial fisheries in the 12 m+ vessel category have been deployed over approximately 235 000 k ...
... and otter trawling and other activities such as anchoring, hydrodynamic dredging, and cable burial. Using vessel monitoring system (VMS) and logbook data ICES estimates that mobile bottom trawls used by commercial fisheries in the 12 m+ vessel category have been deployed over approximately 235 000 k ...
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.