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... 2014). This can result in different competitive strategies between various autotroph species. For instance, for phytoplankton, three major nutrient acquisition strategies have been proposed (Sommer, 1984): (1) velocity-adapted species, or r-strategists, with high maximum nutrient uptake rates and hi ...
... 2014). This can result in different competitive strategies between various autotroph species. For instance, for phytoplankton, three major nutrient acquisition strategies have been proposed (Sommer, 1984): (1) velocity-adapted species, or r-strategists, with high maximum nutrient uptake rates and hi ...
Chapter 5 - Bacon Co. High School
... • Primary succession can occur • on new islands created by volcanic eruptions • in areas exposed when a glacier retreats • any other surface that has not previously supported life • Primary succession is much slower than secondary succession. This is because it begins where there is no soil. ...
... • Primary succession can occur • on new islands created by volcanic eruptions • in areas exposed when a glacier retreats • any other surface that has not previously supported life • Primary succession is much slower than secondary succession. This is because it begins where there is no soil. ...
PowerPoint - Wild Nature Institute
... giraffe is confined to just a few populations in subSaharan Africa. In fact, the 8 races are currently being investigated as distinct species. The TarangireManyara Ecosystem is in the stronghold of the most numerous race, the Masai giraffe. ...
... giraffe is confined to just a few populations in subSaharan Africa. In fact, the 8 races are currently being investigated as distinct species. The TarangireManyara Ecosystem is in the stronghold of the most numerous race, the Masai giraffe. ...
Spatial Demography of Giraffe in the Tarangire Tarangire--Manyara Manyara Ecosystem of Tanzania
... giraffe is confined to just a few populations in subSaharan Africa. In fact, the 8 races are currently being investigated as distinct species. The TarangireManyara Ecosystem is in the stronghold of the most numerous race, the Masai giraffe. ...
... giraffe is confined to just a few populations in subSaharan Africa. In fact, the 8 races are currently being investigated as distinct species. The TarangireManyara Ecosystem is in the stronghold of the most numerous race, the Masai giraffe. ...
Capítol 3
... Uncertainties on the effects of elevated [CO2] on plant ecophysiology in general, and on plant chemical composition in particular, rise because predictions have mainly been extrapolated from studies on short-term exposure of plants in manipulated environments (greenhouses and growth chambers), witho ...
... Uncertainties on the effects of elevated [CO2] on plant ecophysiology in general, and on plant chemical composition in particular, rise because predictions have mainly been extrapolated from studies on short-term exposure of plants in manipulated environments (greenhouses and growth chambers), witho ...
Kelp Forest The Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
... Humans are adding extra carbon to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) by burning fuels like wood, coal, oil, and gas. Increased CO2 in the atmosphere is one cause of climate change. Changes to the climate patterns known as El Niño and La Niña patterns directly impact the stability of ...
... Humans are adding extra carbon to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) by burning fuels like wood, coal, oil, and gas. Increased CO2 in the atmosphere is one cause of climate change. Changes to the climate patterns known as El Niño and La Niña patterns directly impact the stability of ...
The interaction between habitat conditions, ecosystem
... interactions between habitat conditions, ecosystem processes and biodiversity per se at all scales and what is known cannot be reliably generalised to other areas. However, an emerging trend in thinking involves the idea of biodiversity acting within functional groups as an ‘insurance policy’ or ‘b ...
... interactions between habitat conditions, ecosystem processes and biodiversity per se at all scales and what is known cannot be reliably generalised to other areas. However, an emerging trend in thinking involves the idea of biodiversity acting within functional groups as an ‘insurance policy’ or ‘b ...
Vocabulary Definitions
... photosynthesis the process by which producers make energy-rich molecules (food) from water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light (SRB, IG) phytoplankton a huge array of photosynthetic microorganisms that are free-floating in water (SRB) polar zone the climate zone that is closest to the North ...
... photosynthesis the process by which producers make energy-rich molecules (food) from water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light (SRB, IG) phytoplankton a huge array of photosynthetic microorganisms that are free-floating in water (SRB) polar zone the climate zone that is closest to the North ...
Ecology jeopardy
... • ANSWER: This species is a large animal or other organism on which many other species depend and are very similar to keystone species, but these are usually migratory and need a large habitat. • QUESTION: What are umbrella species? ...
... • ANSWER: This species is a large animal or other organism on which many other species depend and are very similar to keystone species, but these are usually migratory and need a large habitat. • QUESTION: What are umbrella species? ...
ANSWER - Thomas C. Cario Middle School
... • ANSWER: This species is a large animal or other organism on which many other species depend and are very similar to keystone species, but these are usually migratory and need a large habitat. • QUESTION: What are umbrella species? ...
... • ANSWER: This species is a large animal or other organism on which many other species depend and are very similar to keystone species, but these are usually migratory and need a large habitat. • QUESTION: What are umbrella species? ...
Krebs 2010 book chapter
... interest (see Estes, chapter 8; Peckarsky et al., chapter 9). The answer to this question is critical ...
... interest (see Estes, chapter 8; Peckarsky et al., chapter 9). The answer to this question is critical ...
Interspecific interactions drive chitin and cellulose degradation by
... KEY WORDS: Aggregation · Flagellate grazing · Ecological interactions · Microbial carbon transfer · Polymer degradation · System ecology Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
... KEY WORDS: Aggregation · Flagellate grazing · Ecological interactions · Microbial carbon transfer · Polymer degradation · System ecology Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
Refocusing Ecocentrism: De-emphasizing Stability
... weeks each year and then dry up are ephemeral on a time scale of months but constant if the scale is years. Integrity is also used in a variety of senses. The general idea is that the elements of the ecosystem are blended into a unified whole. This idea is commonly associated with the view that ecos ...
... weeks each year and then dry up are ephemeral on a time scale of months but constant if the scale is years. Integrity is also used in a variety of senses. The general idea is that the elements of the ecosystem are blended into a unified whole. This idea is commonly associated with the view that ecos ...
Fishing Down Aquatic Food Webs
... said to occupy trophic levels ranging from three to five. More precisely, the trophic level of such predators can take on non-integral values, because the diet of these animals is commonly somewhat mixed. For example, an adult jack swimming around the Caribbean might eat equal amounts of herbivorous ...
... said to occupy trophic levels ranging from three to five. More precisely, the trophic level of such predators can take on non-integral values, because the diet of these animals is commonly somewhat mixed. For example, an adult jack swimming around the Caribbean might eat equal amounts of herbivorous ...
Landscape Ecology Introduction Definitions Definitions Key
... Equilibrium paradigm -----------------------> Dynamic paradigm ...
... Equilibrium paradigm -----------------------> Dynamic paradigm ...
consumer species richness and autotrophic biomass
... inorganic nutrients and varied the number of consumer species stocked in each microcosm. For simplicity, we refer to these nondecomposer heterotrophs as ‘‘consumers,’’ which includes herbivores, detritivores, omnivores, and top predators. Consumer species were all protists. Our decomposer species we ...
... inorganic nutrients and varied the number of consumer species stocked in each microcosm. For simplicity, we refer to these nondecomposer heterotrophs as ‘‘consumers,’’ which includes herbivores, detritivores, omnivores, and top predators. Consumer species were all protists. Our decomposer species we ...
Impact of soil fauna on the properties of soils in the humid Tropics
... 4. Deterioration of soil structure consequent on the decreased activity of soil macroorganisms (macrofauna and roots). The situation in adjacent natural systems provides a marked contrast. Primary productivity levels of several tens of megagrams of dry mass ha-' are generally sustained, even in appa ...
... 4. Deterioration of soil structure consequent on the decreased activity of soil macroorganisms (macrofauna and roots). The situation in adjacent natural systems provides a marked contrast. Primary productivity levels of several tens of megagrams of dry mass ha-' are generally sustained, even in appa ...
The grass is greener
... Wetlands birds such pelicans, storks and egrets may seem out of place in an arid land, but they make good of the short bountiful season. ...
... Wetlands birds such pelicans, storks and egrets may seem out of place in an arid land, but they make good of the short bountiful season. ...
Heterogeneity
... • Locally, burning seemed to have higher heterogeneity than grazing, whilst the corollary was true at a regional scale. • Overall, untreated local plots had the most heterogeneity, but regional responses varied to a large degree, depending on season of burning (spring burning then grazing increased ...
... • Locally, burning seemed to have higher heterogeneity than grazing, whilst the corollary was true at a regional scale. • Overall, untreated local plots had the most heterogeneity, but regional responses varied to a large degree, depending on season of burning (spring burning then grazing increased ...
Addendum To General Technical Report SE
... examined how heterogeneity in understory cover, mineral nutrients, and moisture and their interactions with canopy gaps contribute to the coexistence of three common, co-occurring tree species. We measured survival and height growth of 1080 seedlings of Acer rubrum (red maple), Liriodendron tulipife ...
... examined how heterogeneity in understory cover, mineral nutrients, and moisture and their interactions with canopy gaps contribute to the coexistence of three common, co-occurring tree species. We measured survival and height growth of 1080 seedlings of Acer rubrum (red maple), Liriodendron tulipife ...
Photosynthesis in Extreme Environments
... example, the release of molecular oxygen by cyanobacteria as a by product of photosynthesis as well as the colonization of Earth’s surface by metazoan life contributed to fundamental, global environmental changes. The altered environments, in turn, posed novel evolutionary opportunities to the organ ...
... example, the release of molecular oxygen by cyanobacteria as a by product of photosynthesis as well as the colonization of Earth’s surface by metazoan life contributed to fundamental, global environmental changes. The altered environments, in turn, posed novel evolutionary opportunities to the organ ...
Mycorrhizal fungal establishment in agricultural soils: factors
... most likely to occur (Wagg et al., 2011). Moreover, these sites may also exhibit an increased ...
... most likely to occur (Wagg et al., 2011). Moreover, these sites may also exhibit an increased ...
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.