Untitled - Comité pour la protection du parc de la Gatineau
... environments has visibly deteriorated over the years, resulting in a number of conservation problems which the Park must now address. The conservation issues identified are: ...
... environments has visibly deteriorated over the years, resulting in a number of conservation problems which the Park must now address. The conservation issues identified are: ...
Management of Marsh-Upland Transitional Habitats
... On the other hand, the focus of site specific efforts may be to provide empirical data on actual ecological process that form transitional habitats, and the ecological functions a given transition is (or is not) providing. By utilizing mapping efforts at both scales, managers are provided measures o ...
... On the other hand, the focus of site specific efforts may be to provide empirical data on actual ecological process that form transitional habitats, and the ecological functions a given transition is (or is not) providing. By utilizing mapping efforts at both scales, managers are provided measures o ...
Sensitive Ecosystems Inventory: East Vancouver Island and Gulf
... limited audience or is too extensive to be accommodated in scientific journals or in existing CWS series. Demand for these Technical Reports is usually confined to specialists in the fields concerned. Consequently, they are produced regionally and in small quantities; they can be obtained only from ...
... limited audience or is too extensive to be accommodated in scientific journals or in existing CWS series. Demand for these Technical Reports is usually confined to specialists in the fields concerned. Consequently, they are produced regionally and in small quantities; they can be obtained only from ...
trophic levels and trophic tangles
... webs, the majority of taxa fell near integer trophic position. This is a product of the fact that most taxa in ecosystems are plants and herbivores. There is no support in these food webs for defined trophic levels 2 or 3 (primary or secondary consumers) across a range of ecosystems and locations, bu ...
... webs, the majority of taxa fell near integer trophic position. This is a product of the fact that most taxa in ecosystems are plants and herbivores. There is no support in these food webs for defined trophic levels 2 or 3 (primary or secondary consumers) across a range of ecosystems and locations, bu ...
Chapter Objective Essays These must be in complete sentences. BE
... Explain how disturbances can benefit communities. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession. (4 pts) Explain how invasive species can affect communities. (2 pts) Compare the movement of energy and chemicals through ecosystems. ( 2 pts) Compare the primary production of tropical rain fores ...
... Explain how disturbances can benefit communities. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession. (4 pts) Explain how invasive species can affect communities. (2 pts) Compare the movement of energy and chemicals through ecosystems. ( 2 pts) Compare the primary production of tropical rain fores ...
What is a Trophic Cascade? - College of Forestry
... proposing this distinction is not to promote a regressive, dichotomous view of trophic control of communities and ecosystems, but rather to distinguish between trophic processes in which the distribution and abundance of species are controlled by the negative influences of consumers on their prey on ...
... proposing this distinction is not to promote a regressive, dichotomous view of trophic control of communities and ecosystems, but rather to distinguish between trophic processes in which the distribution and abundance of species are controlled by the negative influences of consumers on their prey on ...
The Biotic Fertility Revolution
... into the topsoil. Due to this loss of nutrients, and frequently poor levels of nutrients to begin with, the conversion ratio of most organic nutrients into accelerated microorganism protein synthesis is poor. Often this decomposition occurs on the “O” Horizon of the soil, the top surface of the soil ...
... into the topsoil. Due to this loss of nutrients, and frequently poor levels of nutrients to begin with, the conversion ratio of most organic nutrients into accelerated microorganism protein synthesis is poor. Often this decomposition occurs on the “O” Horizon of the soil, the top surface of the soil ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... solid symbols and spider densities in response to detritivore treatments that do not serve as alternative prey are displayed as open symbols. Significant detritivore treatment differences (p<0.05) are shown as different letters above seasonal means shown in bars to the right. Figure 3. Spartina alte ...
... solid symbols and spider densities in response to detritivore treatments that do not serve as alternative prey are displayed as open symbols. Significant detritivore treatment differences (p<0.05) are shown as different letters above seasonal means shown in bars to the right. Figure 3. Spartina alte ...
View plan for Ekahanui Management Unit
... Pimenta dioica and Fraxinus uhdei are non-native species which OANRP is interested in tracking over time in order to learn more about the potential threat of these species. From the data collected for the 2008 MU vegetation monitoring Pimdio occurred in one out of 115 plots and Frauhd in six. A larg ...
... Pimenta dioica and Fraxinus uhdei are non-native species which OANRP is interested in tracking over time in order to learn more about the potential threat of these species. From the data collected for the 2008 MU vegetation monitoring Pimdio occurred in one out of 115 plots and Frauhd in six. A larg ...
Scavenging: how carnivores and carrion structure communities
... single trophic level) food-web estimates of carrion flows are absent from the literature. However, if the flow of energy via carrion is as large as our initial analyses suggest, incorrectly assuming that all carnivorous links represent predation could lead to underestimation of energy flow into the ...
... single trophic level) food-web estimates of carrion flows are absent from the literature. However, if the flow of energy via carrion is as large as our initial analyses suggest, incorrectly assuming that all carnivorous links represent predation could lead to underestimation of energy flow into the ...
pdf - Acta Carsologica
... De’an: Forest Soil Heterogeneity and Soil Sampling Protocols on limestone outctops: Example from SW China Forest soil heterogeneity of outcrop karst was studied by testing soil organic carbon at a selected 20 m × 30 m plot set up in Maolan primitive karst forest area, southern Guizhou Province, Chin ...
... De’an: Forest Soil Heterogeneity and Soil Sampling Protocols on limestone outctops: Example from SW China Forest soil heterogeneity of outcrop karst was studied by testing soil organic carbon at a selected 20 m × 30 m plot set up in Maolan primitive karst forest area, southern Guizhou Province, Chin ...
Invisible invaders: non-pathogenic invasive microbes in aquatic and
... longer-term variability in microbial communities. However, to some extent this is also true for macroorganisms, since potentially invasive species present at low densities early in the invasion cannot be reliably detected, which leads to a systematic underestimation of invasion risk (Taylor & Hastin ...
... longer-term variability in microbial communities. However, to some extent this is also true for macroorganisms, since potentially invasive species present at low densities early in the invasion cannot be reliably detected, which leads to a systematic underestimation of invasion risk (Taylor & Hastin ...
Evaluation Sourcebook - University of Michigan School of Natural
... The Evaluation Sourcebook draws on the experience of many on-theground ecosystem and community-based projects, as well as the extensive literature on ecological, social and organizational evaluation. It is designed to help you clarify and communicate what you are trying to achieve and to measure pro ...
... The Evaluation Sourcebook draws on the experience of many on-theground ecosystem and community-based projects, as well as the extensive literature on ecological, social and organizational evaluation. It is designed to help you clarify and communicate what you are trying to achieve and to measure pro ...
The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a keystone species for
... Jiang & Xia (1985, 1987) determined that the foraging of small and moderate populations of plateau pikas is selective and may play an important role in the stabilization of the alpine meadow vegetational community. Studies on the similar Daurian pika have shown that their digging activity loosens an ...
... Jiang & Xia (1985, 1987) determined that the foraging of small and moderate populations of plateau pikas is selective and may play an important role in the stabilization of the alpine meadow vegetational community. Studies on the similar Daurian pika have shown that their digging activity loosens an ...
A synthetic review of feedbacks and drivers of shrub encroachment
... rodent herbivory seems unlikely alone to cause shifts from grassland to shrubland, but the persistence of desertified shrubland can clearly be reinforced by rodent herbivory (Bestelmeyer et al., 2007, Kerley and Whitford 2009). Although all these mechanisms are plausible, it is unclear how their rela ...
... rodent herbivory seems unlikely alone to cause shifts from grassland to shrubland, but the persistence of desertified shrubland can clearly be reinforced by rodent herbivory (Bestelmeyer et al., 2007, Kerley and Whitford 2009). Although all these mechanisms are plausible, it is unclear how their rela ...
Effects of interactions between the green and brown food webs on
... Chunyue and Zhiqin for their unflagging love and unconditional support throughout my life and studies. These past several years have not been an easy ride, both academically and personally. I truly thank my husband Zhiting for sticking by my side, even when I was irritable and depressed. I feel that ...
... Chunyue and Zhiqin for their unflagging love and unconditional support throughout my life and studies. These past several years have not been an easy ride, both academically and personally. I truly thank my husband Zhiting for sticking by my side, even when I was irritable and depressed. I feel that ...
Consulta: creatorFacets:"Hoffmann, M." Registros recuperados: 16
... Rocky shores (natural intertidal hard substrates) are known for their high density and especially for their high diversity of marine organisms (e.g. algae, invertebrates, fishes and birds). They are complex ecosystems in which the biological richness results from biotic (predation, competition, graz ...
... Rocky shores (natural intertidal hard substrates) are known for their high density and especially for their high diversity of marine organisms (e.g. algae, invertebrates, fishes and birds). They are complex ecosystems in which the biological richness results from biotic (predation, competition, graz ...
CIESMW orkshop S eries Fishing down the - ICM-CSIC
... Gislason et al., 2000; Cochrane, 2000; Pitcher, 2000a; Coelho, this volume). Within this frame work, the adoption of a variety of “ecosystem” objectives, indicators and reference points, that trigger management actions (e.g. Gislason et al., 2000), becomes a necessity. Yet, though the full implicati ...
... Gislason et al., 2000; Cochrane, 2000; Pitcher, 2000a; Coelho, this volume). Within this frame work, the adoption of a variety of “ecosystem” objectives, indicators and reference points, that trigger management actions (e.g. Gislason et al., 2000), becomes a necessity. Yet, though the full implicati ...
Special Sessions Sponsored or Co
... Contact - Jim Speer ([email protected]) Biogeography and Remote Sensing: Linking species, landscape and regional scales Contact: Jaclyn Hall ([email protected]) Insect outbreaks and forest ecosystems: Patterns, causes, and impacts Contact: Dominik Kulakowski ([email protected]) A Geographic ...
... Contact - Jim Speer ([email protected]) Biogeography and Remote Sensing: Linking species, landscape and regional scales Contact: Jaclyn Hall ([email protected]) Insect outbreaks and forest ecosystems: Patterns, causes, and impacts Contact: Dominik Kulakowski ([email protected]) A Geographic ...
what do we mean by biodiversity?
... diversification that leads to speciation (Wade 2007), for example. It applies to many levels of biological organization (ecosystems, communities or genomes) and components (genes, individuals, species or biochemical ...
... diversification that leads to speciation (Wade 2007), for example. It applies to many levels of biological organization (ecosystems, communities or genomes) and components (genes, individuals, species or biochemical ...
III. Vital Signs Workshop Summary
... can be any feature of the environment that can be measured or estimated and that provide insights into the state of the ecosystem. The Lake Mead NRA’s over-arching goal for resource stewardship is to have vital signs of the ecosystem health within their normal range of variation. All resource manage ...
... can be any feature of the environment that can be measured or estimated and that provide insights into the state of the ecosystem. The Lake Mead NRA’s over-arching goal for resource stewardship is to have vital signs of the ecosystem health within their normal range of variation. All resource manage ...
Grasslands - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... influence the effects of annual variations in weather and affect how weather variations influence interactions among vegetation composition, other organisms (e.g., small mammals, large herbivores, microbes, insects), disturbance regimes, and human management. These interactions AQ: Source or determi ...
... influence the effects of annual variations in weather and affect how weather variations influence interactions among vegetation composition, other organisms (e.g., small mammals, large herbivores, microbes, insects), disturbance regimes, and human management. These interactions AQ: Source or determi ...
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.