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... interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer Ecology is a science of relationships ...
任课院系:资源环境学院 环境系 任课教师:张颖
任课院系:资源环境学院 环境系 任课教师:张颖

... numbers of offspring than unsuccessful individuals can reproduce is called a: natural selection b: predation c: mutualism d: speciation A trout cannot live in a slow, warm stream because the oxygen concentration in the water is too low. In this case, the oxygen concentration is a: a range of toleran ...
Notes - Biology Junction
Notes - Biology Junction

... ___________ cycle___________________ nitrogen (N2) makes up nearly ___ %-___ % of air. Organisms ____ _____ use it in that form. _____________ and ___________ convert nitrogen into ___________ forms. Only in certain ____________ and industrial ______________ can _____ nitrogen. Nitrogen_____________ ...
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No Slide Title

... farm. Every third year clover, a legume, is planted and plowed under. This improves the nitrogen content and physical structure of the soil for growing wheat and corn the other two years of the rotation cycle. ...
Unit 5 Ecology II Study Guide
Unit 5 Ecology II Study Guide

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... 3. Do you think the government’s decision to exempt the city from the endangered species act is right/wrong? Why? ...
ecology unit study guide
ecology unit study guide

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Ocean Acidification Workshop Slides
Ocean Acidification Workshop Slides

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1.4.8 Nutrient Recycling Crossword

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Notes - Humble ISD
Notes - Humble ISD

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CH-4 Sect 4

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... Umbrella species are those that have habitat requirements such that managing for that species will de facto protect a much broader suite of species. This is also called a “spillover effect” (see Box 5.1 in Falk et al) Mussels are the classic umbrella species in our part of the world. Require cold, c ...
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Lecture Seven: Ecology

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Ecology Review from 7th Grade PowerPoint

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Unit 7 Review - 2 - Iowa State University

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Ecosystem



An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.
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