FROM INDIVIDUALS TO ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION: TOWARD AN O J. S
... Abstract. An important goal in ecology is developing general theory on how the species composition of ecosystems is related to ecosystem properties and functions. Progress on this front is limited partly because of the need to identify mechanisms controlling functions that are common to a wide range ...
... Abstract. An important goal in ecology is developing general theory on how the species composition of ecosystems is related to ecosystem properties and functions. Progress on this front is limited partly because of the need to identify mechanisms controlling functions that are common to a wide range ...
FLOW Unit 1: Food Web Overview - the National Sea Grant Library
... These nutrient-rich areas produce more organic material, or biomass, than any other ecosystem. Typical marsh conditions stimulate growth of aquatic plants, which serve as an abundant source of energy and provide food and habitat for a variety of organisms. Food webs can have many different feeding l ...
... These nutrient-rich areas produce more organic material, or biomass, than any other ecosystem. Typical marsh conditions stimulate growth of aquatic plants, which serve as an abundant source of energy and provide food and habitat for a variety of organisms. Food webs can have many different feeding l ...
TITLE: It`s a Puma-eat-Deer-eat-Grass World!
... green because predators reduce the number of herbivores, which allows plants to proliferate. The term “trophic cascade” was coined by Robert Paine in 1980 to describe the effect that predators have on subsequent trophic levels. As in the green world hypothesis, predators suppress prey numbers, there ...
... green because predators reduce the number of herbivores, which allows plants to proliferate. The term “trophic cascade” was coined by Robert Paine in 1980 to describe the effect that predators have on subsequent trophic levels. As in the green world hypothesis, predators suppress prey numbers, there ...
simplifying the study of competition at the individual plant level
... In a simple conceptual model of competition for resources the net interaction between plants is broken down into two distinct components: competitive effect on resources, or the rate at which resources are depleted by neighbouring plants, and competitive response to resources, or the degree to which ...
... In a simple conceptual model of competition for resources the net interaction between plants is broken down into two distinct components: competitive effect on resources, or the rate at which resources are depleted by neighbouring plants, and competitive response to resources, or the degree to which ...
Interactions among mutualism, competition, and predation foster
... are balanced by density-dependent negative feedbacks. Enemy-mediated negative feedbacks can foster plant species coexistence in diverse communities, but empirical evidence remains mixed. Disparity between theoretical expectations and empirical results may arise from the effects of mutualistic mycorr ...
... are balanced by density-dependent negative feedbacks. Enemy-mediated negative feedbacks can foster plant species coexistence in diverse communities, but empirical evidence remains mixed. Disparity between theoretical expectations and empirical results may arise from the effects of mutualistic mycorr ...
Effects of alien species on plant-pollinator interactions: how can
... location, and shifts to reproductive modes that are independent of animal visitation. These adaptations may allow some native plant species that are negatively affected by invasive species to survive alongside the invaders. However, not all native plant populations and species are equally likely to ...
... location, and shifts to reproductive modes that are independent of animal visitation. These adaptations may allow some native plant species that are negatively affected by invasive species to survive alongside the invaders. However, not all native plant populations and species are equally likely to ...
Hierarchical effects of rainfall, nurse plants, granivory and seed
... McCluney et al. 2011). More attention is being paid to how multiple biotic and abiotic conditions can shape the positive effects of facilitation. Baumeister & Callaway (2006) have elegantly shown that different mechanisms of facilitation can function in a hierarchical manner, such that one mechanism ...
... McCluney et al. 2011). More attention is being paid to how multiple biotic and abiotic conditions can shape the positive effects of facilitation. Baumeister & Callaway (2006) have elegantly shown that different mechanisms of facilitation can function in a hierarchical manner, such that one mechanism ...
The effects of foliar pubescence and nutrient polymorpha (Myrtaceae)
... by clipping foliage from Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) trees of pubescent, glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unfertilised plots. 2. Fertilisation decreased leaf mass per area (LMA) but did not change the relative mass of pubescence within leaf morphological classes. 3. Fe ...
... by clipping foliage from Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) trees of pubescent, glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unfertilised plots. 2. Fertilisation decreased leaf mass per area (LMA) but did not change the relative mass of pubescence within leaf morphological classes. 3. Fe ...
Trophic Dynamics in Urban Communities By
... Ecologists have long debated what factors control the trophic (feeding) structure and function of ecosystems. This is more than just a matter of determining “who eats whom”; ecologists have pondered whether there are fundamental rules for determining (a) how many trophic levels an ecosystem can supp ...
... Ecologists have long debated what factors control the trophic (feeding) structure and function of ecosystems. This is more than just a matter of determining “who eats whom”; ecologists have pondered whether there are fundamental rules for determining (a) how many trophic levels an ecosystem can supp ...
Use of precise spatial data for describing spatial patterns and plant
... be difficult to obtain, or that larger areas may be difficult to exhaustively map. Large sample sizes may be crucial, since small sample sizes may have large standard deviations that prevent meaningful comparisons with null models during spatial analysis (Perry et al. 2008). An ideal mapping methodo ...
... be difficult to obtain, or that larger areas may be difficult to exhaustively map. Large sample sizes may be crucial, since small sample sizes may have large standard deviations that prevent meaningful comparisons with null models during spatial analysis (Perry et al. 2008). An ideal mapping methodo ...
this PDF file - Florida Online Journals
... (8.90 ± 7.57SE); the latter two were not significantly different (Tukey’s, p > 0.05). My field observation in areas of M. mobilis habitation revealed that taxa including Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and non-insect arthropods are consumed by antlion larvae. In the laboratory, M. mobilis larva ...
... (8.90 ± 7.57SE); the latter two were not significantly different (Tukey’s, p > 0.05). My field observation in areas of M. mobilis habitation revealed that taxa including Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and non-insect arthropods are consumed by antlion larvae. In the laboratory, M. mobilis larva ...
Fundamental and realized niches of two chrysomelid
... & Curry, 1991; Lehrman et al. 2012; Trop et al. 2013). S. dasyclados has high resistance, while S. viminalis is susceptible, and S. cinerea is medium resistant to P. vulgatissima (Lehrman et al. 2012). The resistance hierarchy to G. lineola is not known. For this study, I used two Salix species, S. ...
... & Curry, 1991; Lehrman et al. 2012; Trop et al. 2013). S. dasyclados has high resistance, while S. viminalis is susceptible, and S. cinerea is medium resistant to P. vulgatissima (Lehrman et al. 2012). The resistance hierarchy to G. lineola is not known. For this study, I used two Salix species, S. ...
Herbivore
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A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material.