Bison are a keystone species for ecosystem restoration
... exchange, aboveground biomass, density and plant cover (Fahnestock and Knapp 1993, Hartnett et al. 1996, Damhoureyeh and Hartnett 1997). Photosynthesis rates are also increased by bison grazing patterns due to increased light availability and reduced water stress (Wallace 1990, Fahnestock and Knapp ...
... exchange, aboveground biomass, density and plant cover (Fahnestock and Knapp 1993, Hartnett et al. 1996, Damhoureyeh and Hartnett 1997). Photosynthesis rates are also increased by bison grazing patterns due to increased light availability and reduced water stress (Wallace 1990, Fahnestock and Knapp ...
Intraguild predation among plant pests
... discs. We suggest three explanations. First, thrips may prefer whitefly crawlers to plant material on both plant species because of their higher nutritional value. The latter is suggested by the oviposition rate and developmental rate being higher on cucumber leaves provided with whitefly crawlers. ...
... discs. We suggest three explanations. First, thrips may prefer whitefly crawlers to plant material on both plant species because of their higher nutritional value. The latter is suggested by the oviposition rate and developmental rate being higher on cucumber leaves provided with whitefly crawlers. ...
Integrated Pest Management
... Native plant associations, farmscaping, and the use of non-crop vegetation. A ...
... Native plant associations, farmscaping, and the use of non-crop vegetation. A ...
Viewpoint: A theoretical basis for planning woody plant control to
... overgrazing by livestock and failed attempts at brush control (Fulbright 1991) that fire is not a practical tool to reduce brush density. Overgrazing by cattle in certain arid and semiarid landscapeshas resulted in severe soil compaction and manipulations such as heavy discing are required to promot ...
... overgrazing by livestock and failed attempts at brush control (Fulbright 1991) that fire is not a practical tool to reduce brush density. Overgrazing by cattle in certain arid and semiarid landscapeshas resulted in severe soil compaction and manipulations such as heavy discing are required to promot ...
Local feeding specialization by badgers
... (those whose diet varies according to prey availability) may specialize by means of behavioural responses to the different prey abundance they experience. Change in consumer behaviour is one of the factors invoked by Fox and Morrow (1981) to explain multiple local specializations on different plant ...
... (those whose diet varies according to prey availability) may specialize by means of behavioural responses to the different prey abundance they experience. Change in consumer behaviour is one of the factors invoked by Fox and Morrow (1981) to explain multiple local specializations on different plant ...
Identifying the role of soil microbes in plant invasions
... It is not known whether and how allelochemicals have strong effects on other soil fungi such as decomposers, with consequences for nutrient cycling and subsequent invasion success. For example, if allelopathy reduces fungal decomposer abundance, this could result in more bacterial-dominated decompos ...
... It is not known whether and how allelochemicals have strong effects on other soil fungi such as decomposers, with consequences for nutrient cycling and subsequent invasion success. For example, if allelopathy reduces fungal decomposer abundance, this could result in more bacterial-dominated decompos ...
Food Web Assembly at the Landscape Scale: Using Stable
... others 1997; Maron and others 2006) and estimations were made of the input of both sources of nutrients. Macro-algal dry weight was estimated in March and April 2010 by collecting all macro-algae from each 5 m 9 5 m plot, which were subsequently rinsed, and dried at 70°C for 48 h. Afterwards, sample ...
... others 1997; Maron and others 2006) and estimations were made of the input of both sources of nutrients. Macro-algal dry weight was estimated in March and April 2010 by collecting all macro-algae from each 5 m 9 5 m plot, which were subsequently rinsed, and dried at 70°C for 48 h. Afterwards, sample ...
Nutrition of the Tortoise - Association of Reptilian and Amphibian
... Tortoises are primarily terrestrial, diurnal reptiles originating from a wide variety of climes and terrains. Most are true herbivores. A few tortoises have been noted in reports concerning natural histories to consume animal matter such as slugs, snails and carrion. These high protein, high fat foo ...
... Tortoises are primarily terrestrial, diurnal reptiles originating from a wide variety of climes and terrains. Most are true herbivores. A few tortoises have been noted in reports concerning natural histories to consume animal matter such as slugs, snails and carrion. These high protein, high fat foo ...
Stealthy Predation by an Invasive Ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi
... vary in structure and function? How could foraging behavior play a role? In order to resolve these questions, future studies will need to investigate not only that stealthy hunting is used in nature for capturing copepod prey, but also that it is present and effective in sister species to M. leid ...
... vary in structure and function? How could foraging behavior play a role? In order to resolve these questions, future studies will need to investigate not only that stealthy hunting is used in nature for capturing copepod prey, but also that it is present and effective in sister species to M. leid ...
Aquatic Food Web Interactions - Association for Biology Laboratory
... from herbivores on plants or algae (primary producers), you might expect that herbivores would reach levels at which they eat available green biomass nearly as fast as it is produced, leaving very little green material in either terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems. This would be best described as a br ...
... from herbivores on plants or algae (primary producers), you might expect that herbivores would reach levels at which they eat available green biomass nearly as fast as it is produced, leaving very little green material in either terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems. This would be best described as a br ...
Ecology: Organisms and their environment
... their food; they must consume it. A consumer that feeds on plants is called an herbivore. Herbivores include grazing animals such as rabbits, cows, and grasshoppers, as well as rodents such as beavers, mice, and squirrels. Carnivores and scavengers Some heterotrophs eat other heterotrophs. Animals s ...
... their food; they must consume it. A consumer that feeds on plants is called an herbivore. Herbivores include grazing animals such as rabbits, cows, and grasshoppers, as well as rodents such as beavers, mice, and squirrels. Carnivores and scavengers Some heterotrophs eat other heterotrophs. Animals s ...
Vegetation in the Australian Alps (DOCX – 601KB)
... to a low-growing subalpine woodland dominated by Snow Gums. The plants growing here have to endure low temperatures all year round, and much of the precipitation is in the form of snow and ice. The trees are stunted and often twisted away from prevailing winds. The understorey of this zone is either ...
... to a low-growing subalpine woodland dominated by Snow Gums. The plants growing here have to endure low temperatures all year round, and much of the precipitation is in the form of snow and ice. The trees are stunted and often twisted away from prevailing winds. The understorey of this zone is either ...
Aquatic Weed Control: Aquatic Weed Problems State Requirements
... Triploid grass carp are fish that have been genetically altered at hatcheries to prevent them from reproducing. Triploid grass carp are a biological and economical means of controlling particular aquatic weeds in ...
... Triploid grass carp are fish that have been genetically altered at hatcheries to prevent them from reproducing. Triploid grass carp are a biological and economical means of controlling particular aquatic weeds in ...
Horvath`s rock lizard, Iberolacerta horvathi (Méhely, 1904), feeding
... In turn, abundance of other more common lacertid prey is high (unpublished results) and, thus, it is reasonable to assume that lizards would avoid a relatively large and potentially dangerous food item. Feeding behaviour on natural prey items is rarely observed in lacertids due to the need of intens ...
... In turn, abundance of other more common lacertid prey is high (unpublished results) and, thus, it is reasonable to assume that lizards would avoid a relatively large and potentially dangerous food item. Feeding behaviour on natural prey items is rarely observed in lacertids due to the need of intens ...
Corals
... 2. closed (or direct) transmission or acquisition - via gametes or - during asexual reproduction ...
... 2. closed (or direct) transmission or acquisition - via gametes or - during asexual reproduction ...
Conservation Landscaping - Chesapeake Stormwater Network
... you can transform them into conservation landscapes that retain rainfall and adsorb runoff generated from adjacent turf or hard surfaces. Conservation Landscaping is the replacement of turf grass with vegetation which is native to the Chesapeake Bay region. It so happens that while you are improving ...
... you can transform them into conservation landscapes that retain rainfall and adsorb runoff generated from adjacent turf or hard surfaces. Conservation Landscaping is the replacement of turf grass with vegetation which is native to the Chesapeake Bay region. It so happens that while you are improving ...
Mutualism, Facilitation, and the Structure of Ecological Communities
... assemblage of reef fishes. These trees benefit from a nutrient exchange with sponges growing on their roots in much the same way that mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen-fixing bacteria benefit plants growing on land. Photo courtesy of Mark Bertness. (d) Intertidal seaweeds form canopies that buffer under ...
... assemblage of reef fishes. These trees benefit from a nutrient exchange with sponges growing on their roots in much the same way that mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen-fixing bacteria benefit plants growing on land. Photo courtesy of Mark Bertness. (d) Intertidal seaweeds form canopies that buffer under ...
Predator-prey dynamics
... the environment with resources that increase the prey carrying capacity generate predator-prey cycles with more extreme amplitudes (Fig. 10). This means that in the population troughs, both predator and prey are more vulnerable to extinction. Rather than such additional resources helping the prey (a ...
... the environment with resources that increase the prey carrying capacity generate predator-prey cycles with more extreme amplitudes (Fig. 10). This means that in the population troughs, both predator and prey are more vulnerable to extinction. Rather than such additional resources helping the prey (a ...
Herbivore
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A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material.