GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
... Salt marshes have proven to be useful natural systems for studying positive interactions among plants (Bertness 1991, Bertness and Yeh 1994, Callaway 1994, Hacker and Gaines 1997, Hacker and Bertness 1999, Callaway and Pennings 2000). Salt marsh plants experience physical stress due to the anoxic, s ...
... Salt marshes have proven to be useful natural systems for studying positive interactions among plants (Bertness 1991, Bertness and Yeh 1994, Callaway 1994, Hacker and Gaines 1997, Hacker and Bertness 1999, Callaway and Pennings 2000). Salt marsh plants experience physical stress due to the anoxic, s ...
Insect herbivory in an experimental agroecosystem: the relative
... We evaluated effects of herbivore exclusion on clover biomass using a profile ANOVA (Tabachnick and Fidell 2000). This procedure, which is comparable to repeated measures ANOVA, allows for the two clover biomass measurements (exclosure and control) taken from each plot to be non-independent. Clover ...
... We evaluated effects of herbivore exclusion on clover biomass using a profile ANOVA (Tabachnick and Fidell 2000). This procedure, which is comparable to repeated measures ANOVA, allows for the two clover biomass measurements (exclosure and control) taken from each plot to be non-independent. Clover ...
Bison are a keystone species for ecosystem restoration
... 1997). Photosynthesis rates are also increased by bison grazing patterns due to increased light availability and reduced water stress (Wallace 1990, Fahnestock and Knapp 1993). Bison grazing, J Schmidt, NPS photo. Finally, bison grazing increases animal diversity on the landscape. Bison grazed areas ...
... 1997). Photosynthesis rates are also increased by bison grazing patterns due to increased light availability and reduced water stress (Wallace 1990, Fahnestock and Knapp 1993). Bison grazing, J Schmidt, NPS photo. Finally, bison grazing increases animal diversity on the landscape. Bison grazed areas ...
The Behavioral Ecology of Nutrient Foraging by Plants
... Cahill 2005). Nutritious cues also influence uptake kinetics (Fransen et al. 1999) and root demography (Gross et al. 1993), although these are not as well studied, and we do not discuss them here. An additional limitation in the available data is our lack of understanding functional and behavioral di ...
... Cahill 2005). Nutritious cues also influence uptake kinetics (Fransen et al. 1999) and root demography (Gross et al. 1993), although these are not as well studied, and we do not discuss them here. An additional limitation in the available data is our lack of understanding functional and behavioral di ...
MASTER OF SCIENE PROGRAMME IN ANATOMY
... Primate Ecology (Prerequisite: Animal behavior or Ecology Animal Population Ecology or equivalent or by the Departmental approval) Detailed study of primate biology; evolution, social behavior, ecology and conservation and management of primate populations; field studies Insect Ecology (Prerequisite ...
... Primate Ecology (Prerequisite: Animal behavior or Ecology Animal Population Ecology or equivalent or by the Departmental approval) Detailed study of primate biology; evolution, social behavior, ecology and conservation and management of primate populations; field studies Insect Ecology (Prerequisite ...
Relationships Among Mule Deer and Their Predators
... are unlikely to result in an increase in the mule deer population. When habitat conditions are favorable, mule deer have better nutrition and more cover, which reduce susceptibility to predation. Likewise, winter habitats with deep snow can limit mobility and increase vulnerability to predation. Whe ...
... are unlikely to result in an increase in the mule deer population. When habitat conditions are favorable, mule deer have better nutrition and more cover, which reduce susceptibility to predation. Likewise, winter habitats with deep snow can limit mobility and increase vulnerability to predation. Whe ...
57 FR 22984 WL - New Plant Varieties - Farm-to
... Under this policy, foods, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and their byproducts, derived from plant varieties developed by the new methods of genetic modification are regulated within the existing framework of the act, FDA's implementing regulations, and current practice, utilizing an approach id ...
... Under this policy, foods, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and their byproducts, derived from plant varieties developed by the new methods of genetic modification are regulated within the existing framework of the act, FDA's implementing regulations, and current practice, utilizing an approach id ...
Chemical Mimicry
... communicate within their own species. It is not surprising that other organisms have evolved the ability to exploit these communication systems in order to fulfill their own needs. ...
... communicate within their own species. It is not surprising that other organisms have evolved the ability to exploit these communication systems in order to fulfill their own needs. ...
ABSTRACTS - POPBIO is a conference
... processes and patterns. for example, different plant species are determined using morphological characteristics and their abundance is measured or estimated visually. while we recognize plants well, we often ignore an inevitable feature of the great majority of land plants- they are not just plants ...
... processes and patterns. for example, different plant species are determined using morphological characteristics and their abundance is measured or estimated visually. while we recognize plants well, we often ignore an inevitable feature of the great majority of land plants- they are not just plants ...
Full text in pdf format
... quantity for quality (Cruz-Kivera & Hay 2000). However, the robustness and generality of this relationship for other groups of marine consumers remains untested. Additionally, the relationship between mobility, selectivity (or breadth of the potential diet) and the ability to engage in compensatory ...
... quantity for quality (Cruz-Kivera & Hay 2000). However, the robustness and generality of this relationship for other groups of marine consumers remains untested. Additionally, the relationship between mobility, selectivity (or breadth of the potential diet) and the ability to engage in compensatory ...
uncorrected page proofs - Oxford University Press
... Energy can be difficult to imagine because it comes in so many different forms. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. However, many of the different forms of energy cannot be passed on through an ecosystem. This activity demonstrates the proportions of ene ...
... Energy can be difficult to imagine because it comes in so many different forms. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. However, many of the different forms of energy cannot be passed on through an ecosystem. This activity demonstrates the proportions of ene ...
Invasive plant species and competition for pollinators
... Biological Diversity 2015). Invasive alien plants that successfully establish in new areas can impact the local ecosystem functioning, for example through competition with native plant species for space, water, nutrients and pollinators (Convention on Biological Diversity 2015). A lack of any of the ...
... Biological Diversity 2015). Invasive alien plants that successfully establish in new areas can impact the local ecosystem functioning, for example through competition with native plant species for space, water, nutrients and pollinators (Convention on Biological Diversity 2015). A lack of any of the ...
Toju 1..11 - Science Advances
... with pollinators and seed dispersers but also with functionally and taxonomically diverse root-associated fungi (10, 11). Mycorrhizal symbiosis ecologically differs from interactions between plants and most of their pollinating and seed-dispersing agents because mycorrhizal fungi form physiologicall ...
... with pollinators and seed dispersers but also with functionally and taxonomically diverse root-associated fungi (10, 11). Mycorrhizal symbiosis ecologically differs from interactions between plants and most of their pollinating and seed-dispersing agents because mycorrhizal fungi form physiologicall ...
Plant Diversity Surpasses Plant Functional Groups and Plant
... Background: One of the most significant consequences of contemporary global change is the rapid decline of biodiversity in many ecosystems. Knowledge of the consequences of biodiversity loss in terrestrial ecosystems is largely restricted to single ecosystem functions. Impacts of key plant functiona ...
... Background: One of the most significant consequences of contemporary global change is the rapid decline of biodiversity in many ecosystems. Knowledge of the consequences of biodiversity loss in terrestrial ecosystems is largely restricted to single ecosystem functions. Impacts of key plant functiona ...
Integrated Activities to accompany the children`s book Penny Visits
... adjacent farmland, fresh water was channeled to the marsh from a natural artesian well nearby, management structures were build so that healthy water levels could be managed, tall grass prairie and islands were added to provide safe nesting cover, and croplands were planted to provide food for water ...
... adjacent farmland, fresh water was channeled to the marsh from a natural artesian well nearby, management structures were build so that healthy water levels could be managed, tall grass prairie and islands were added to provide safe nesting cover, and croplands were planted to provide food for water ...
Manipulating the jasmonate response: How do methyl
... modifications to floral traits affecting pollinator mutualists aboveground. By exogenously applying a range of methyl jasmonate solutions to cucumber plant roots grown with and without mycorrhizal fungi, we are able to examine the potential costs of the jasmonate response to both above and belowgrou ...
... modifications to floral traits affecting pollinator mutualists aboveground. By exogenously applying a range of methyl jasmonate solutions to cucumber plant roots grown with and without mycorrhizal fungi, we are able to examine the potential costs of the jasmonate response to both above and belowgrou ...
Leaf damage by herbivores and pathogens on New Zealand islands
... Introduction The productivity of terrestrial plants is frequently limited by nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (Epstein 1972; Vitousek & Howarth 1991). This often also results in nutrient limitation for herbivores, and numerous studies have found positive relationships between ...
... Introduction The productivity of terrestrial plants is frequently limited by nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (Epstein 1972; Vitousek & Howarth 1991). This often also results in nutrient limitation for herbivores, and numerous studies have found positive relationships between ...
Biotic plantsoil feedbacks across temporal scales
... Fig. 2. Hypothetical shifts in the relative strength and direction of biotic plant-soil feedbacks with plant life stage. (a) Linear declines over time in plant dependence on soil mutualists (eventually leveling off) would be expected for perennial plants in a temporally stable environment where nutr ...
... Fig. 2. Hypothetical shifts in the relative strength and direction of biotic plant-soil feedbacks with plant life stage. (a) Linear declines over time in plant dependence on soil mutualists (eventually leveling off) would be expected for perennial plants in a temporally stable environment where nutr ...
Predatory beetles facilitate plant growth by
... whereby prey animals may temporally and spatially avoid encountering predators (Edmunds 1974; Abrams 1984). In tri-trophic predator–herbivore–plant systems, these shifts are often concomitant with reduced feeding rates of herbivores and the effect sign of TMIIs measured across the plant community (n ...
... whereby prey animals may temporally and spatially avoid encountering predators (Edmunds 1974; Abrams 1984). In tri-trophic predator–herbivore–plant systems, these shifts are often concomitant with reduced feeding rates of herbivores and the effect sign of TMIIs measured across the plant community (n ...
Herbivore
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A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material.