Trophic Ecology: Bottom-Up and Top
... forest floor), providing a nutrient-rich energy source for decomposers (Hunter, 2001). Accordingly, forest insect outbreaks have been linked in some instances to increased nitrate export in streams, although other systems strongly retain N transferred to the forest floor via frass and insect cadavers ...
... forest floor), providing a nutrient-rich energy source for decomposers (Hunter, 2001). Accordingly, forest insect outbreaks have been linked in some instances to increased nitrate export in streams, although other systems strongly retain N transferred to the forest floor via frass and insect cadavers ...
A keystone predator controls bacterial diversity in the pitcher
... Bacterial assemblages may be structured by many forces at both local and regional scales. They are integrated into complex food webs and their composition, in terms of species diversity and cell abundance, may be controlled by a combination of ‘top-down’ factors, such as grazing by predators, and ‘b ...
... Bacterial assemblages may be structured by many forces at both local and regional scales. They are integrated into complex food webs and their composition, in terms of species diversity and cell abundance, may be controlled by a combination of ‘top-down’ factors, such as grazing by predators, and ‘b ...
COMMON NAME: AFRICAN PYGMY HEDGEHOG SCIENTIFIC
... ADAPTATIONS: THE LEAVES ARE VERY SENSITIVE TO SMALL CHANGES IN LIGHT. WHEN IT IS RELOCATED, IT REACTS BY DROPPING MANY OF ITS LEAVES AND REPLACING THEM WITH NEW LEAVES ADAPTED TO THE NEW LIGHT INTENSITY. ...
... ADAPTATIONS: THE LEAVES ARE VERY SENSITIVE TO SMALL CHANGES IN LIGHT. WHEN IT IS RELOCATED, IT REACTS BY DROPPING MANY OF ITS LEAVES AND REPLACING THEM WITH NEW LEAVES ADAPTED TO THE NEW LIGHT INTENSITY. ...
Decomposer diversity and identity influence plant
... or driven by decomposer animal diversity and identity using a double-diversity microcosm experiment. We show that many ecosystem processes and ecosystem multifunctionality (herbaceous shoot biomass production, litter removal, and N uptake) were affected by both plant and decomposer diversity, with e ...
... or driven by decomposer animal diversity and identity using a double-diversity microcosm experiment. We show that many ecosystem processes and ecosystem multifunctionality (herbaceous shoot biomass production, litter removal, and N uptake) were affected by both plant and decomposer diversity, with e ...
Biodiversity for kids - Teacher`s Guide
... and animals. For most plants and animals, the by-products of carrying out their daily lives, creates the conditions for another plant or animal to survive. An insect for example pollinates flowers when it visits to collect nectar; a worm helps break down decaying matter into a form that plant roots ...
... and animals. For most plants and animals, the by-products of carrying out their daily lives, creates the conditions for another plant or animal to survive. An insect for example pollinates flowers when it visits to collect nectar; a worm helps break down decaying matter into a form that plant roots ...
Plant facilitation occurs between species differing in their associated
... Phytologist plant and AMF communities as revealed by significant network nestedness and modularity. Nestedness implies that ecological specialists (i.e. with the lower number of links) on one party (e.g. plants) tend to interact with a subset of the ecologicalgeneralist (i.e. with the higher number ...
... Phytologist plant and AMF communities as revealed by significant network nestedness and modularity. Nestedness implies that ecological specialists (i.e. with the lower number of links) on one party (e.g. plants) tend to interact with a subset of the ecologicalgeneralist (i.e. with the higher number ...
Large Marine Carnivores: Trophic Cascades and Top
... Carnivores are predators that consume animals; herbivores are predators that consume plants. The effect of consumers on prey populations is measured as “interaction strength” (Paine 1980, 1992), which depends on more than just its abundance. We define per capita interaction strength as the effect of ...
... Carnivores are predators that consume animals; herbivores are predators that consume plants. The effect of consumers on prey populations is measured as “interaction strength” (Paine 1980, 1992), which depends on more than just its abundance. We define per capita interaction strength as the effect of ...
Gall-forming and free-feeding herbivory along vertical gradients in a
... Ribeiro 2003, Rinker and Lowman 2004). However, most studies focus on damage generated by chewing insects. A neglected form of insect herbivory is gall tumours. Gall-forming insects oviposit in leaves or other tissues, and then cause cell tumours with increased nutrient content near developing larva ...
... Ribeiro 2003, Rinker and Lowman 2004). However, most studies focus on damage generated by chewing insects. A neglected form of insect herbivory is gall tumours. Gall-forming insects oviposit in leaves or other tissues, and then cause cell tumours with increased nutrient content near developing larva ...
Herbivore and Fungal Pathogen Exclusion Affects the Timothy L. Dickson *
... the dominant species in the experiment, A. gerardii, we further examined the effects of treatments on the number of seeds per seed head and the mass per seed (mass of seed per seed head = number of seeds per seed head * mass per seed). When reading the results it is important to remember that a 44% ...
... the dominant species in the experiment, A. gerardii, we further examined the effects of treatments on the number of seeds per seed head and the mass per seed (mass of seed per seed head = number of seeds per seed head * mass per seed). When reading the results it is important to remember that a 44% ...
Life-history trade-off in two predator species sharing the same prey
... two predator species by letting females oviposit on CGM-infested cassava leaves during 24 h. Then, females were removed and eggs developed until adulthood. At day 13, we picked 13 females of each species and placed them individually on leaf discs with 25 adult female prey. Oviposition and predation ...
... two predator species by letting females oviposit on CGM-infested cassava leaves during 24 h. Then, females were removed and eggs developed until adulthood. At day 13, we picked 13 females of each species and placed them individually on leaf discs with 25 adult female prey. Oviposition and predation ...
19
... entomologists and has focused on the use of phyophagous (plant-feedingY) insects as control agents. However, the potential of plant pathogens for this purpose, although as yet relatively unexplored, is becoming increasingly apparent (Shrum 1982). Biocontrol research with plant pathogens (fun@, virus ...
... entomologists and has focused on the use of phyophagous (plant-feedingY) insects as control agents. However, the potential of plant pathogens for this purpose, although as yet relatively unexplored, is becoming increasingly apparent (Shrum 1982). Biocontrol research with plant pathogens (fun@, virus ...
Pregartner - York College of Pennsylvania
... to a surplus in nutrients. This leads to an increase of other organisms within the food chain, mainly zooplankton (a natural predator of phytoplankton). •Ctenophores also have the ability to increase in numbers under favorable conditions, Chincoteague Bay oysters and young flounders that feed on zoo ...
... to a surplus in nutrients. This leads to an increase of other organisms within the food chain, mainly zooplankton (a natural predator of phytoplankton). •Ctenophores also have the ability to increase in numbers under favorable conditions, Chincoteague Bay oysters and young flounders that feed on zoo ...
Untitled - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
... With these words, Eisner and Meinwald (1995) reflected on the rise of chemical ecology as a field, with widespread recognition of the importance of chemistry in mediating terrestrial ...
... With these words, Eisner and Meinwald (1995) reflected on the rise of chemical ecology as a field, with widespread recognition of the importance of chemistry in mediating terrestrial ...
(Frostweed, Asteraceae) not found in grasslands?
... When a species is found in a given location, it is because that species can tolerate or requires the conditions present in that area. It is difficult to determine a species niche requirements, but more difficult to decide why it is not found in another place with similar conditions. Measuring densit ...
... When a species is found in a given location, it is because that species can tolerate or requires the conditions present in that area. It is difficult to determine a species niche requirements, but more difficult to decide why it is not found in another place with similar conditions. Measuring densit ...
Dangerous liaisons: the ecology of private interest and common good
... a general framework in an attempt to fill in this gap. Despite the fact that ecological interactions are often described as either competitive, antagonistic or mutualistic, many interactions are actually a mixture of these aspects. Many parasites confer benefits to their hosts, while mutualists may ...
... a general framework in an attempt to fill in this gap. Despite the fact that ecological interactions are often described as either competitive, antagonistic or mutualistic, many interactions are actually a mixture of these aspects. Many parasites confer benefits to their hosts, while mutualists may ...
julieta echeverri del sarto maría celeste gallia ana ferrari guillermina
... Aluminé Lake and Lolog Lake (latitude from 37º20' to 40º20'S, on the Andes). A. araucana is predominantly dioecious and its heavy seed (about 1000 from each female specimen) is gravity-dispersed or assisted by animals (Shepherd et al. 2008). However, because the seeds are very rich in carbohydrates ...
... Aluminé Lake and Lolog Lake (latitude from 37º20' to 40º20'S, on the Andes). A. araucana is predominantly dioecious and its heavy seed (about 1000 from each female specimen) is gravity-dispersed or assisted by animals (Shepherd et al. 2008). However, because the seeds are very rich in carbohydrates ...
Title
... turnover of arthropod species. Fewer changes occurred during the transition from Clusia to Myrcia stages, despite the presence of species typical of each stage. These specialized species are numerous (almost half the total richness) but their population size is small (no more than one fifth of the t ...
... turnover of arthropod species. Fewer changes occurred during the transition from Clusia to Myrcia stages, despite the presence of species typical of each stage. These specialized species are numerous (almost half the total richness) but their population size is small (no more than one fifth of the t ...
Herbivore
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A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material.