Agents of Pattern Formation: Disturbance Regimes
... characterized the successional response to fire. At this level, a single fire is 'outside' the system and plant species respond to a fire as an extrinsic driver. Aggregating fires into a multi-year fire frequency and collapsing species abundances to presence/absence, they characterized the species a ...
... characterized the successional response to fire. At this level, a single fire is 'outside' the system and plant species respond to a fire as an extrinsic driver. Aggregating fires into a multi-year fire frequency and collapsing species abundances to presence/absence, they characterized the species a ...
AG. 518 BOTANY\RANGE SCIENCE
... Describe ecosystem stability and give examples of stable ecosystems If you were to examine a mature ecosystem over the course of 30 years at the same time each year, discuss why you would expect the number of species in the ecosystem and the population size of each of these species to be the same fr ...
... Describe ecosystem stability and give examples of stable ecosystems If you were to examine a mature ecosystem over the course of 30 years at the same time each year, discuss why you would expect the number of species in the ecosystem and the population size of each of these species to be the same fr ...
Ecological drivers of the Ediacaran
... 325 days, respectively. Based on the estimated carbon demand and phytoplankton productivity, the pre-1870s biomass probably removed 23–41% of total phytoplankton carbon production (Newell 1988). Today the few remaining oysters have little effect on the water quality of the Bay. Oysters, like many fi ...
... 325 days, respectively. Based on the estimated carbon demand and phytoplankton productivity, the pre-1870s biomass probably removed 23–41% of total phytoplankton carbon production (Newell 1988). Today the few remaining oysters have little effect on the water quality of the Bay. Oysters, like many fi ...
The role of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi - JyX
... the result that fitness of both organisms increases. AM fungi provide plants with soilderived mineral nutrients (Marschner & Dell 1994), and in exhange, up to 20% of plants net photosynthate, organic C, is transferred to the fungus (Jakobsen & Rosendahl 1990). The most important feature of the assoc ...
... the result that fitness of both organisms increases. AM fungi provide plants with soilderived mineral nutrients (Marschner & Dell 1994), and in exhange, up to 20% of plants net photosynthate, organic C, is transferred to the fungus (Jakobsen & Rosendahl 1990). The most important feature of the assoc ...
Assessment Of Changes In Selected Soil Properties
... The soils are made up of materials in three different states – solid, liquid and gaseous. Proper proportion of each of these constituents is necessary if the soil is to be a good medium for growth of plants. Rice and Alexander (1938) noted that the in-organic proportion of the solid material is in s ...
... The soils are made up of materials in three different states – solid, liquid and gaseous. Proper proportion of each of these constituents is necessary if the soil is to be a good medium for growth of plants. Rice and Alexander (1938) noted that the in-organic proportion of the solid material is in s ...
Proposed structure of synthese paper
... small-scale landscape has a higher cumulative edge length between ecosystem ...
... small-scale landscape has a higher cumulative edge length between ecosystem ...
1 - SANParks
... The planning domain includes one, large sand movement corridor, namely the Algoa Dunefield. This dune system is the largest and least degraded coastal dunefield in the world (Kerley and Boshoff 1997). It also acts as a surrogate for several key biological processes, and forms an important link betwe ...
... The planning domain includes one, large sand movement corridor, namely the Algoa Dunefield. This dune system is the largest and least degraded coastal dunefield in the world (Kerley and Boshoff 1997). It also acts as a surrogate for several key biological processes, and forms an important link betwe ...
Protists are microbes too: a perspective
... Enormous scientific progress during the latter half of the last century has revealed that there are many roles played by these species. For example, some protists have been identified as important human parasites and pathogens. Plasmodium, the cause of malaria in humans, directly or indirectly resul ...
... Enormous scientific progress during the latter half of the last century has revealed that there are many roles played by these species. For example, some protists have been identified as important human parasites and pathogens. Plasmodium, the cause of malaria in humans, directly or indirectly resul ...
The development of sheet erosion on intensively used soils
... Investigations of erosion processes and their controlling factors as well as classification of the eroded and potentially eroded lands according to the intensity of natural and agricultural effects have revealed the complex character of this problem. For example, if doubling of the slope steepness a ...
... Investigations of erosion processes and their controlling factors as well as classification of the eroded and potentially eroded lands according to the intensity of natural and agricultural effects have revealed the complex character of this problem. For example, if doubling of the slope steepness a ...
Riparian Areas: Providing Landscape Habitat Diversity
... the water’s temperature. For instance, in smaller streams, incoming radiation may be reduced up to % by canopy closure (Wilzbach ). Implications for biodiversity Shaded headwater streams contribute cool water to riparian areas further downstream (Stevens et al. ). This is important because ...
... the water’s temperature. For instance, in smaller streams, incoming radiation may be reduced up to % by canopy closure (Wilzbach ). Implications for biodiversity Shaded headwater streams contribute cool water to riparian areas further downstream (Stevens et al. ). This is important because ...
Trophic organization and food web structure of
... ABSTRACT: Trophic organization and food web structure of southeastern Brazilian streams: a review. The present study reviews some trophic patterns of southeastern Brazilian streams. The food resources availability, the relationship between production and importation, the establishment of feeding gui ...
... ABSTRACT: Trophic organization and food web structure of southeastern Brazilian streams: a review. The present study reviews some trophic patterns of southeastern Brazilian streams. The food resources availability, the relationship between production and importation, the establishment of feeding gui ...
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF EFFECTS OF PLANT PRODUCTIVITY AND E S
... Abstract. Because the quantity, quality, and heterogeneity of resources should affect the diversity of consumers, plant productivity, plant composition, and plant diversity may influence the diversity of trophic levels higher up the food chain (‘‘bottom-up’’ control of diversity). Increasing plant p ...
... Abstract. Because the quantity, quality, and heterogeneity of resources should affect the diversity of consumers, plant productivity, plant composition, and plant diversity may influence the diversity of trophic levels higher up the food chain (‘‘bottom-up’’ control of diversity). Increasing plant p ...
What is Soil?
... Background for teaching this lesson: Soil covers much of the land on Earth. All soils are made up of sand, silt, or clay. This describes the particle sizes, not the type of parent material it is composed of. Parent materials are the types of rocks and minerals it is derived from. Soils have other c ...
... Background for teaching this lesson: Soil covers much of the land on Earth. All soils are made up of sand, silt, or clay. This describes the particle sizes, not the type of parent material it is composed of. Parent materials are the types of rocks and minerals it is derived from. Soils have other c ...
Ecology project Name Period ______ Instructions: Part 1: What is t
... Part 4: What are biotic and abiotic systems in an ecosystem? Make a list of your abiotic and biotic factors that may affect a population in your ecosystem. Questions: What two factors are necessary in order to identify an area as an ecosystem? How might some these factors affect your population in ...
... Part 4: What are biotic and abiotic systems in an ecosystem? Make a list of your abiotic and biotic factors that may affect a population in your ecosystem. Questions: What two factors are necessary in order to identify an area as an ecosystem? How might some these factors affect your population in ...
Policy for the release of aquatic resources
... The role of the South Australian Government, as custodian of the State’s aquatic resources, on behalf of the broader community and future generations, is to ensure that they are protected, managed and used in a manner that is consistent with the principles of ecologically sustainable development, in ...
... The role of the South Australian Government, as custodian of the State’s aquatic resources, on behalf of the broader community and future generations, is to ensure that they are protected, managed and used in a manner that is consistent with the principles of ecologically sustainable development, in ...
Strategy shifts in leaf physiology, structure and nutrient
... use is similar, however, due to the lower-humidity air in dry sites. The benefit of the strategy is that dry-site species reduce water loss at a given Aarea, down to levels similar to wet-site species, despite occurring in lower-humidity environments. The cost of high leaf N is reflected in higher d ...
... use is similar, however, due to the lower-humidity air in dry sites. The benefit of the strategy is that dry-site species reduce water loss at a given Aarea, down to levels similar to wet-site species, despite occurring in lower-humidity environments. The cost of high leaf N is reflected in higher d ...
Evolutionary responses to environmental change: trophic
... climate change do not explicitly incorporate all fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes that may be major determinants of species responses to climate change [1]. Evolutionary adaptation may be the only way for species to persist when faced with climate change [2], although it may not be ...
... climate change do not explicitly incorporate all fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes that may be major determinants of species responses to climate change [1]. Evolutionary adaptation may be the only way for species to persist when faced with climate change [2], although it may not be ...
Chapter 1
... want to know the species that pollinate a flower and the species that eat that flower. Ecologists study the interactions and transfer of energy and nutrients. They study cycles: energy cycles, nutrient cycles, water cycles, and life cycles. They can examine the ways animals conserve energy, based on ...
... want to know the species that pollinate a flower and the species that eat that flower. Ecologists study the interactions and transfer of energy and nutrients. They study cycles: energy cycles, nutrient cycles, water cycles, and life cycles. They can examine the ways animals conserve energy, based on ...
Get cached
... Although sub-Antarctic ecosystems are more diverse and complex than those of more extreme Antarctic latitudes (Convey 2007a), they remain simple in global terms, commonly lacking or with low diversity in specific taxonomic or biological functional groups. Therefore they are thought to lack the funct ...
... Although sub-Antarctic ecosystems are more diverse and complex than those of more extreme Antarctic latitudes (Convey 2007a), they remain simple in global terms, commonly lacking or with low diversity in specific taxonomic or biological functional groups. Therefore they are thought to lack the funct ...
Stable Isotope Ecology in the OmoTurkana Basin
... continental environmental conditions has proceeded in parallel with questions about the conditions of human environment. What was the vegetation? How hot was it? How dry? What were the diets of animals living among early humans? And most persistently, how important were ‘‘savannas’’ to early hominid ...
... continental environmental conditions has proceeded in parallel with questions about the conditions of human environment. What was the vegetation? How hot was it? How dry? What were the diets of animals living among early humans? And most persistently, how important were ‘‘savannas’’ to early hominid ...
Conservatism of responses to environmental change is rare under
... and water uptake (Craine et al., 2003), but periodic drought tolerance also requires that the plant be able to store water for later use, which is not an adaptation related to nitrogen uptake (Craine, 2009). This suggests that conservatism of a trait does not mean that a plant’s response to one fact ...
... and water uptake (Craine et al., 2003), but periodic drought tolerance also requires that the plant be able to store water for later use, which is not an adaptation related to nitrogen uptake (Craine, 2009). This suggests that conservatism of a trait does not mean that a plant’s response to one fact ...
alumni garry oak meadow restoration project
... A compact silty subsoil which is mottled and is slightly cemented, from periodic soil-water perching. From 35-55 cm down the subsoil consists of a grayish white dry very compact clay loam. This layer restricts root and water penetration. ...
... A compact silty subsoil which is mottled and is slightly cemented, from periodic soil-water perching. From 35-55 cm down the subsoil consists of a grayish white dry very compact clay loam. This layer restricts root and water penetration. ...
The Living Soil - Colorado State University Extension
... supplies the bacteria with essential minerals and sugars. It may be helpful to add Rhizobia in the first planting of beans and peas in a soil area. Afterwards they will be present. Mycorrhizae are specific fungi that form symbiotic associations with plant roots. Found in most soils, they are very ho ...
... supplies the bacteria with essential minerals and sugars. It may be helpful to add Rhizobia in the first planting of beans and peas in a soil area. Afterwards they will be present. Mycorrhizae are specific fungi that form symbiotic associations with plant roots. Found in most soils, they are very ho ...
Response of endemic and exotic earthworm communities to
... New Zealand has 23 exotic and more than 200 endemic earthworm species. Endemic earthworms disappeared quickly after vegetation clearance and land conversion to agriculture from the early C19th. ...
... New Zealand has 23 exotic and more than 200 endemic earthworm species. Endemic earthworms disappeared quickly after vegetation clearance and land conversion to agriculture from the early C19th. ...
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation. As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over the past century. Global atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) mole fractions have increased from a pre-industrial value of ~270 nmol/mol to ~319 nmol/mol in 2005. Human activities account for over one-third of N2O emissions, most of which are due to the agricultural sector. This article is intended to give a brief review of the history of anthropogenic N inputs, and reported impacts of nitrogen inputs on selected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.