Toward an integration of evolutionary biology and ecosystem science
... At present, the disciplines of evolutionary biology and ecosystem science are weakly integrated. As a result, we have a poor understanding of how the ecological and evolutionary processes that create, maintain, and change biological diversity affect the flux of energy and materials in global biogeoc ...
... At present, the disciplines of evolutionary biology and ecosystem science are weakly integrated. As a result, we have a poor understanding of how the ecological and evolutionary processes that create, maintain, and change biological diversity affect the flux of energy and materials in global biogeoc ...
Unit 4: Chapter 1: Populations
... Living organisms form structured communities within dynamic but essentially stable ecosystems through which energy is transferred and chemical elements are cycled. Humans are part of the ecological balance and their activities affect it both directly and indirectly. Consideration of these effects un ...
... Living organisms form structured communities within dynamic but essentially stable ecosystems through which energy is transferred and chemical elements are cycled. Humans are part of the ecological balance and their activities affect it both directly and indirectly. Consideration of these effects un ...
soil quality restoration
... Create healthier soils by adding organic matter to an existing lawn. »» Contact Iowa One Call to have utilities located. »» Locate and mark in-ground sprinklers and invisible fences. »» Mow lawn to a height of 2 inches. »» Aerate the lawn with a plug or deep tine aerator. »» Apply 1/2 to 3/4 inch of ...
... Create healthier soils by adding organic matter to an existing lawn. »» Contact Iowa One Call to have utilities located. »» Locate and mark in-ground sprinklers and invisible fences. »» Mow lawn to a height of 2 inches. »» Aerate the lawn with a plug or deep tine aerator. »» Apply 1/2 to 3/4 inch of ...
Rise of the Earliest Tetrapods: An Early Devonian Origin from
... Materials and Methods The 13 proteins synthesized by the mitochondrial genome of 17 species (see Table S1) were obtained from the NCBI (National Centre for Biotechnology Information). Only 17 sequences were used to avoid noise (convergent evolution) in the genes used, since amphibians seem to have a ...
... Materials and Methods The 13 proteins synthesized by the mitochondrial genome of 17 species (see Table S1) were obtained from the NCBI (National Centre for Biotechnology Information). Only 17 sequences were used to avoid noise (convergent evolution) in the genes used, since amphibians seem to have a ...
ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE—IN THEORY AND APPLICATION
... lake. As predation on herbivorous zooplankton decreases, their populations increase, leading to an increase in herbivory and a reduction in phytoplankton biomass. Increased light penetration and available nutrients then lead to establishment of rooted vegetation (45). In the other direction, shifts ...
... lake. As predation on herbivorous zooplankton decreases, their populations increase, leading to an increase in herbivory and a reduction in phytoplankton biomass. Increased light penetration and available nutrients then lead to establishment of rooted vegetation (45). In the other direction, shifts ...
Chapter III PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND
... The clay fraction has a dominant influence on the electromagnetic properties of soil, primarily because the small particles have such a large and reactive surface area and therefore has the ability to retain water. In contrast, the sand and silt fractions typically do not have as much effect due to ...
... The clay fraction has a dominant influence on the electromagnetic properties of soil, primarily because the small particles have such a large and reactive surface area and therefore has the ability to retain water. In contrast, the sand and silt fractions typically do not have as much effect due to ...
Ground Work: Basic Concepts of Ecological Restoration
... A Forest Of Words: What is the Difference between “Restoration” and Conservation, Reclamation, Mitigation, Stewardship, and Enhancement? Several overlapping approaches have evolved to improve the condition of degraded ecosystems. The following capsule definitions should help clarify the terminology ...
... A Forest Of Words: What is the Difference between “Restoration” and Conservation, Reclamation, Mitigation, Stewardship, and Enhancement? Several overlapping approaches have evolved to improve the condition of degraded ecosystems. The following capsule definitions should help clarify the terminology ...
Rethinking Swidden Cultivation in Myanmar
... University of East Anglia /Pyoe Pin - 2013 Swidden cultivation, also known as shifting cultivation or Shwe Pyaung Taung-ya, describes a spectrum of rotational agro-forestry practices at varying levels of intensity prevalent in Myanmar’s uplands. Swidden cultivation contributes to the livelihoods o ...
... University of East Anglia /Pyoe Pin - 2013 Swidden cultivation, also known as shifting cultivation or Shwe Pyaung Taung-ya, describes a spectrum of rotational agro-forestry practices at varying levels of intensity prevalent in Myanmar’s uplands. Swidden cultivation contributes to the livelihoods o ...
1 Research paper Native grass establishment in grassy woodlands
... Two additional fully cleared plots were established at each site (2 x 4 sites = 8) on mixed vegetation (i.e. an even cover of native and exotic vegetation). All vegetation was removed from these plots by hand (no herbicide), and all cleared plots had gras seed added as described below. These were es ...
... Two additional fully cleared plots were established at each site (2 x 4 sites = 8) on mixed vegetation (i.e. an even cover of native and exotic vegetation). All vegetation was removed from these plots by hand (no herbicide), and all cleared plots had gras seed added as described below. These were es ...
Plant genetic variation mediates an indirect ecological effect
... been documented in a number of studies showing that earthworms can alter plant nitrogen content by enhancing nitrogen availability in the soil [37-39]. This is generally beneficial for plants but can have an indirect disadvantage, for example, when it leads to increased herbivory [40,41]. Inconsiste ...
... been documented in a number of studies showing that earthworms can alter plant nitrogen content by enhancing nitrogen availability in the soil [37-39]. This is generally beneficial for plants but can have an indirect disadvantage, for example, when it leads to increased herbivory [40,41]. Inconsiste ...
Interspecific interactions drive chitin and cellulose degradation by
... entire ecosystem (Keller & Surette 2006). Consequently, changing community composition due to, for example, invasion by allochthonous organisms following climate change or flooding may cause important changes in system efficiency (Venail et al. 2008, Horňák & Corno 2012). Indeed, recent studies (e. ...
... entire ecosystem (Keller & Surette 2006). Consequently, changing community composition due to, for example, invasion by allochthonous organisms following climate change or flooding may cause important changes in system efficiency (Venail et al. 2008, Horňák & Corno 2012). Indeed, recent studies (e. ...
Links between Biodiversity and Ecosystem
... The quantitative relationship between biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services is still poorly understood (Balvanera et al., 2014; 2016). In recent years, many publications have appeared on this topic (e.g. Elmqvist et al., 2010; Mace et al., 2012; Cardinale et al., 2012) and many ...
... The quantitative relationship between biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services is still poorly understood (Balvanera et al., 2014; 2016). In recent years, many publications have appeared on this topic (e.g. Elmqvist et al., 2010; Mace et al., 2012; Cardinale et al., 2012) and many ...
BASIN: Basin-scale Analysis, Synthesis, and INtegration
... - “to understand and simulate the population structure and dynamics of broadly distributed, and trophically and biogeochemically important plankton and fish species in the North Atlantic ocean, - to resolve the impacts of climate variability on marine ecosystems and the feedbacks to the climate syst ...
... - “to understand and simulate the population structure and dynamics of broadly distributed, and trophically and biogeochemically important plankton and fish species in the North Atlantic ocean, - to resolve the impacts of climate variability on marine ecosystems and the feedbacks to the climate syst ...
Advantages and Disadvantages of Aquatic Plant Management
... management approach will vary the use of techniques both spatially and temporally. Spatial variation in technique selection should be based on site use intensity, economic, environmental and technical constraints. Management should be tailored to the priority and goals of each site. All areas within ...
... management approach will vary the use of techniques both spatially and temporally. Spatial variation in technique selection should be based on site use intensity, economic, environmental and technical constraints. Management should be tailored to the priority and goals of each site. All areas within ...
Ancient ecology of 15-million-year-old browsing
... photosynthetic pathway used by specific plant species. These differences can be expressed relative to the amount of the 12C and 13C incorporated into plant biomass by the equation: δ13C (‰) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)−1]×1,000, where R = ratio of 13C/12C of an unknown sample relative to the known standar ...
... photosynthetic pathway used by specific plant species. These differences can be expressed relative to the amount of the 12C and 13C incorporated into plant biomass by the equation: δ13C (‰) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)−1]×1,000, where R = ratio of 13C/12C of an unknown sample relative to the known standar ...
LOCAL DISTURBANCE CYCLES AND THE MAINTENANCE OF
... Abstract. In marine systems, the occurrence and implications of disturbance–recovery cycles have been revealed at the landscape level, but only in demographically open or closed systems where landscape-level dynamics are assumed to have no feedback effect on regional dynamics. We present a mussel me ...
... Abstract. In marine systems, the occurrence and implications of disturbance–recovery cycles have been revealed at the landscape level, but only in demographically open or closed systems where landscape-level dynamics are assumed to have no feedback effect on regional dynamics. We present a mussel me ...
the ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity
... Abstract. This paper uses theory and experiments to explore the effects of diversity on stability, productivity, and susceptibility to invasion. A model of resource competition predicts that increases in diversity cause community stability to increase, but population stability to decrease. These opp ...
... Abstract. This paper uses theory and experiments to explore the effects of diversity on stability, productivity, and susceptibility to invasion. A model of resource competition predicts that increases in diversity cause community stability to increase, but population stability to decrease. These opp ...
Quercus rubra-associated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of
... plants and animals, with a considerably lower proportion targeting fungi and soil microbes (less than 3% of papers reviewed). The diversity of EMF communities in natural systems is impressive, and most studies have shown little overlap in species assemblages between replicate plots or sites (Horton ...
... plants and animals, with a considerably lower proportion targeting fungi and soil microbes (less than 3% of papers reviewed). The diversity of EMF communities in natural systems is impressive, and most studies have shown little overlap in species assemblages between replicate plots or sites (Horton ...
Freshwater autotrophic picoplankton: a review
... Autotrophic picoplankton (APP) are distributed worldwide and are ubiquitous in all types of lakes of varying trophic state. APP are major players in carbon production in all aquatic ecosystems, including extreme environments such as cold ice-covered and/or warm tropical lakes and thermal springs. Th ...
... Autotrophic picoplankton (APP) are distributed worldwide and are ubiquitous in all types of lakes of varying trophic state. APP are major players in carbon production in all aquatic ecosystems, including extreme environments such as cold ice-covered and/or warm tropical lakes and thermal springs. Th ...
Food-web theory provides guidelines for marine
... et al. in preparation), it was found that sharks and other top predators are overrepresented in strongly interacting food chains. Humans tend to selectively target these strong interactors first, because of their higher economic value (e.g. Pauly et al. 1998; Sala et al. 2004); and this has implicat ...
... et al. in preparation), it was found that sharks and other top predators are overrepresented in strongly interacting food chains. Humans tend to selectively target these strong interactors first, because of their higher economic value (e.g. Pauly et al. 1998; Sala et al. 2004); and this has implicat ...
ap biology summer assignment 2009-2010
... Please enjoy your time exploring the topics of ecology and animal behavior! I do not have the access codes yet for online book registration at this time. I will share the access codes with you in September for online book registration, so you will be able to utilize the online resources during the ...
... Please enjoy your time exploring the topics of ecology and animal behavior! I do not have the access codes yet for online book registration at this time. I will share the access codes with you in September for online book registration, so you will be able to utilize the online resources during the ...
Litter decomposition rate and soil organic matter quality in a
... al., 2011; Schmidt et al., 2011); however, in some environments, vegetation cover is a good proxy for soil C dynamics, since it controls the input and quality of litter (De Deyn et al., 2008). In turn, vegetation depends, among other factors, on soil drainage, which also influences litter decay and ...
... al., 2011; Schmidt et al., 2011); however, in some environments, vegetation cover is a good proxy for soil C dynamics, since it controls the input and quality of litter (De Deyn et al., 2008). In turn, vegetation depends, among other factors, on soil drainage, which also influences litter decay and ...
La biodiversité, c`est la vie - doc-developpement
... •Researchers are trying to develop biocatalysts for the production of proteins or polymers minerals ( biomineralization ) cold at ambient pressure and in water . It also attempts to create systems to produce hydrogen or electricity imitating the process of photosynthesis . A filter with ultra -pure ...
... •Researchers are trying to develop biocatalysts for the production of proteins or polymers minerals ( biomineralization ) cold at ambient pressure and in water . It also attempts to create systems to produce hydrogen or electricity imitating the process of photosynthesis . A filter with ultra -pure ...
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation. As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over the past century. Global atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) mole fractions have increased from a pre-industrial value of ~270 nmol/mol to ~319 nmol/mol in 2005. Human activities account for over one-third of N2O emissions, most of which are due to the agricultural sector. This article is intended to give a brief review of the history of anthropogenic N inputs, and reported impacts of nitrogen inputs on selected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.