lecture CNS
... b. association – joins areas within a hemisphere c. projection – joins cerebrum to brain stem ...
... b. association – joins areas within a hemisphere c. projection – joins cerebrum to brain stem ...
Skeletal System
... Higher brain centers regulate and coordinate both somatic and visceral motor activities Nearly spinal nerves and many cranial nerves contain both somatic and autonomic fibers Most of the body’s adaptations to changing internal and external conditions involve both skeletal activity and enhanced respo ...
... Higher brain centers regulate and coordinate both somatic and visceral motor activities Nearly spinal nerves and many cranial nerves contain both somatic and autonomic fibers Most of the body’s adaptations to changing internal and external conditions involve both skeletal activity and enhanced respo ...
How your Eye Doctor Diagnoses Glaucoma
... National Eye Institute, about 3% of Americans have glaucoma. Glaucoma cannot be ruled out by self-diagnosis based on if a person has great vision or has never had to have glasses or because their eyes feel “ok”. Glaucoma is painless, does not typically affect vision until late in the disease, and do ...
... National Eye Institute, about 3% of Americans have glaucoma. Glaucoma cannot be ruled out by self-diagnosis based on if a person has great vision or has never had to have glasses or because their eyes feel “ok”. Glaucoma is painless, does not typically affect vision until late in the disease, and do ...
LESSON PLAN
... Conclusion: ½ anterior part of the spinal cord has a ……… nature ½ posterior part of the spinal cord has a ……………. nature - in the central part there is the …………. canal where ………….. fluid can be found Structure of spinal nerve - the spinal nerve connects the spinal cord with r……….. and e……… Structure ...
... Conclusion: ½ anterior part of the spinal cord has a ……… nature ½ posterior part of the spinal cord has a ……………. nature - in the central part there is the …………. canal where ………….. fluid can be found Structure of spinal nerve - the spinal nerve connects the spinal cord with r……….. and e……… Structure ...
Unit 3A Nervous System - Teacher Version
... action potential (excitatory neurotransmitters binding to receptors) must ...
... action potential (excitatory neurotransmitters binding to receptors) must ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... brain and spinal cord Consists of: – 31 Spinal nerves Carry info to and from the spinal cord – 12 Cranial nerves Carry info to and from the brain ...
... brain and spinal cord Consists of: – 31 Spinal nerves Carry info to and from the spinal cord – 12 Cranial nerves Carry info to and from the brain ...
How does an axon know where to go?
... - growth cones move in an ordered and directed manner (Cajal won the Nobel Prize in 1906 for this work). Ross Harrison (1930s) - first observed growth cone movement of neurons growing in tissue ...
... - growth cones move in an ordered and directed manner (Cajal won the Nobel Prize in 1906 for this work). Ross Harrison (1930s) - first observed growth cone movement of neurons growing in tissue ...
cerebral cortex - krigolson teaching
... particular, the speech function has been found to be localized in one of the hemispheres that is commonly called dominant. The left hemisphere is dominant in about 96% of right-handed persons and in about 70% of left-handed persons. Note that the cerebrospinal tract goes on its way from one side of ...
... particular, the speech function has been found to be localized in one of the hemispheres that is commonly called dominant. The left hemisphere is dominant in about 96% of right-handed persons and in about 70% of left-handed persons. Note that the cerebrospinal tract goes on its way from one side of ...
1 FORMAL SYNOPSIS FORM Title:a Dismasking flap
... After coronal flap is elevated, supraorbital neuro-vascular bundle is isolated and cut. Then circum-palpebral blephaloplasty incision is placed and dissection is carried out toward the orbital rim between the orbicularis muscle and orbital septum, bilaminating the eyelid into anterior and posterior ...
... After coronal flap is elevated, supraorbital neuro-vascular bundle is isolated and cut. Then circum-palpebral blephaloplasty incision is placed and dissection is carried out toward the orbital rim between the orbicularis muscle and orbital septum, bilaminating the eyelid into anterior and posterior ...
Regulation of breathing
... Voluntary and reflex factor in the regulation of respiration Although fundamentally automatic and regulated by chemical factors in the blood there is a separate voluntary system for the regulation of ventilation. It originates in the cerebral cortex and sends impulses to the nerves of the respira ...
... Voluntary and reflex factor in the regulation of respiration Although fundamentally automatic and regulated by chemical factors in the blood there is a separate voluntary system for the regulation of ventilation. It originates in the cerebral cortex and sends impulses to the nerves of the respira ...
28. Nervous Systems
... 28.2 Neurons are the functional units of nervous systems • Neurons are cells specialized for carrying signals – Cell body: contains most organelles – Dendrites: highly branched extensions that carry signals from other neurons toward the cell body – Axon: long extension that transmits signals to oth ...
... 28.2 Neurons are the functional units of nervous systems • Neurons are cells specialized for carrying signals – Cell body: contains most organelles – Dendrites: highly branched extensions that carry signals from other neurons toward the cell body – Axon: long extension that transmits signals to oth ...
THE NEUROLOGICAL EXAM by R. John Leigh, M.D. and Robert S
... from an alcoholic stupor, the examiner will look for signs of a radial nerve palsy. This hypothesis-driven approach should not, however, blind the examiner to the occasional surprise on the exam that entirely changes the nature of the diagnosis: for example, discovery of up-going toes or of mental s ...
... from an alcoholic stupor, the examiner will look for signs of a radial nerve palsy. This hypothesis-driven approach should not, however, blind the examiner to the occasional surprise on the exam that entirely changes the nature of the diagnosis: for example, discovery of up-going toes or of mental s ...
Motor Cortex, Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum
... Note: most (80-90%) of corticospinal tract fibers decussate (cross) at the junction of the medulla and spinal cord; most of the rest decussate in the spinal cord; thus, contralateral control Note: some cortical axons in the pyramidal tract synapse directly on alpha motoneurons, rather then interneur ...
... Note: most (80-90%) of corticospinal tract fibers decussate (cross) at the junction of the medulla and spinal cord; most of the rest decussate in the spinal cord; thus, contralateral control Note: some cortical axons in the pyramidal tract synapse directly on alpha motoneurons, rather then interneur ...
The Bioenergy Revolution - Innovation Technologies and Energy
... send and receive energy. They say that even though the body has electromagnetic fields, these fields are too small to be meaningful. However, Dr. Becker came across a very important principle in bio-electricity which, to me, answers this criticism. The new principle is: Less is more. Small currents ...
... send and receive energy. They say that even though the body has electromagnetic fields, these fields are too small to be meaningful. However, Dr. Becker came across a very important principle in bio-electricity which, to me, answers this criticism. The new principle is: Less is more. Small currents ...
neural and chemical regulation of respiration
... However, if arterial po2 is less than 60mmhg, the breathing rate increases in a very steep and linear fashion. In this range of po2 pc are very sensitive to o2 and they respond so rapidly that the firing rate of the sensory neurons may change during a single breathing cycle INCREASE IN ARTERIAL PCO2 ...
... However, if arterial po2 is less than 60mmhg, the breathing rate increases in a very steep and linear fashion. In this range of po2 pc are very sensitive to o2 and they respond so rapidly that the firing rate of the sensory neurons may change during a single breathing cycle INCREASE IN ARTERIAL PCO2 ...
Visual Fields in Ophthalmology - New York Eye and Ear Infirmary
... • Threshold established via a staircase strategy: • Stimulus luminance is altered in ascending or descending intervals until threshold luminance is crossed • 4, 3, or 2 decibel steps ...
... • Threshold established via a staircase strategy: • Stimulus luminance is altered in ascending or descending intervals until threshold luminance is crossed • 4, 3, or 2 decibel steps ...
34. Organ of balance and hearing
... direction and rate at which movement occurs (Figure 15-15) Depends on the functioning of the cristae ampullaris, located in the ampulla of each semicircular duct Cupula: gelatinous cap where the hair cells of cristae are ...
... direction and rate at which movement occurs (Figure 15-15) Depends on the functioning of the cristae ampullaris, located in the ampulla of each semicircular duct Cupula: gelatinous cap where the hair cells of cristae are ...
Clinically oriented anatomy of the brainstem
... A 45-year-old man complains to his family physician that there seems to be something wrong with his mouth. The examination reveals a weakness of the masticatory muscles, a deviation of the jaw to the left on closure, and a sensory loss on the same side of the lower jaw. MRI shows a tumor, presumably ...
... A 45-year-old man complains to his family physician that there seems to be something wrong with his mouth. The examination reveals a weakness of the masticatory muscles, a deviation of the jaw to the left on closure, and a sensory loss on the same side of the lower jaw. MRI shows a tumor, presumably ...
Electrical membrane properties of rat subthalamic neurons in an in
... deviated downwards from the linearity at higher frequencies. Z~s can be seen from the graph, the STH neuron could fire at the maximum frequency of about 500 Hz (Fig. ?B). The I - f curve obtained from the last interspike interval was almost linear up to 200 Hz and reached its peak at over 300 Hz. Th ...
... deviated downwards from the linearity at higher frequencies. Z~s can be seen from the graph, the STH neuron could fire at the maximum frequency of about 500 Hz (Fig. ?B). The I - f curve obtained from the last interspike interval was almost linear up to 200 Hz and reached its peak at over 300 Hz. Th ...
sensation - Warren County Schools
... Purity depends on the complexity of light wave. (ex. red comprised of a single wave; pink comprised of a combination of red and ...
... Purity depends on the complexity of light wave. (ex. red comprised of a single wave; pink comprised of a combination of red and ...
Pyramidal (Voluntary Motor) System
... (corticospinal) results in spasticity, hyperreflexia, hypertonia, and positive Babinski sign Lower Motor Neuron: lesions of cell bodies of motor neurons (in cranial nerve motor nuclei or ventral horn of spinal cord) or their axons in nerves to the muscle (“final common pathway”) results in flaccidit ...
... (corticospinal) results in spasticity, hyperreflexia, hypertonia, and positive Babinski sign Lower Motor Neuron: lesions of cell bodies of motor neurons (in cranial nerve motor nuclei or ventral horn of spinal cord) or their axons in nerves to the muscle (“final common pathway”) results in flaccidit ...
PDF
... approach to demonstrate that the latter phenomenon is a natural consequence of the former. In particular, we show that weak pairwise correlations of the inputs to a compartmental model of a layer V pyramidal cell can induce bimodality in its membrane potential. We show how this relationship can acco ...
... approach to demonstrate that the latter phenomenon is a natural consequence of the former. In particular, we show that weak pairwise correlations of the inputs to a compartmental model of a layer V pyramidal cell can induce bimodality in its membrane potential. We show how this relationship can acco ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.