NEUROMUSCULAR MONITORING
... >0.5 msec extends beyond the refractory period of the nerve resulting in repetitive firing. The stimulus should produce mono-phasic and rectangular waveform. Current intensity : It is the amperage (mA) of the current delivered by the nerve stimulator(0-80 mA). The intensity reaching the nerve is det ...
... >0.5 msec extends beyond the refractory period of the nerve resulting in repetitive firing. The stimulus should produce mono-phasic and rectangular waveform. Current intensity : It is the amperage (mA) of the current delivered by the nerve stimulator(0-80 mA). The intensity reaching the nerve is det ...
The Nervous System - Plain Local Schools
... sodium ions (Na+) outside and a relatively greater concentration of potassium ions (K+) inside • The cytoplasm of these cells has many large negatively charged particles that cannot diffuse across the cell membranes. ...
... sodium ions (Na+) outside and a relatively greater concentration of potassium ions (K+) inside • The cytoplasm of these cells has many large negatively charged particles that cannot diffuse across the cell membranes. ...
neuromuscular transmission neuromuscular junction
... in close contact with the muscle cells (Figure 6–14). Some of these nerve fibers contain clear vesicles and are cholinergic, whereas others contain the characteristic dense-core vesicles that contain norepinephrine. There are no recognizable end plates or other postsynaptic specializations. The nerv ...
... in close contact with the muscle cells (Figure 6–14). Some of these nerve fibers contain clear vesicles and are cholinergic, whereas others contain the characteristic dense-core vesicles that contain norepinephrine. There are no recognizable end plates or other postsynaptic specializations. The nerv ...
File - Wk 1-2
... of axons and glial cells. Synapses occur in this region. The Meninges include; - Dura mater: outermost layer composed of dense CT continuous with periosteum of the skull. Dura mater separated from periosteum of vertebrae by epidural space – contains thin walled veins, loose CT and adipose tissue. ...
... of axons and glial cells. Synapses occur in this region. The Meninges include; - Dura mater: outermost layer composed of dense CT continuous with periosteum of the skull. Dura mater separated from periosteum of vertebrae by epidural space – contains thin walled veins, loose CT and adipose tissue. ...
Peripheral Nervous System The Somatic System
... • Dendrites: carry nerve impulses toward cell body • Axon: carries impulses away from cell body • Synapses: site of communication between neurons using chemical neurotransmitters • Myelin & myelin sheath: lipoprotein covering produced by glial cells (e.g., Schwann cells in PNS) that increases axonal ...
... • Dendrites: carry nerve impulses toward cell body • Axon: carries impulses away from cell body • Synapses: site of communication between neurons using chemical neurotransmitters • Myelin & myelin sheath: lipoprotein covering produced by glial cells (e.g., Schwann cells in PNS) that increases axonal ...
Cranial Nerves
... involved in movement of the eye, and propriception. It works with nerve III and IV. The next cranial nerve is Cranial Nerve VII, the facial nerve. Like its name states, it is involved in facial expressions, taste and secretion of saliva and tears. It is a mixed nerve. Cranial nerve VIII is the vesti ...
... involved in movement of the eye, and propriception. It works with nerve III and IV. The next cranial nerve is Cranial Nerve VII, the facial nerve. Like its name states, it is involved in facial expressions, taste and secretion of saliva and tears. It is a mixed nerve. Cranial nerve VIII is the vesti ...
Nervous System Organization and Components
... Nervous System - Organization and Components I. Systems of Internal Communications The survival of a multicellular organism depends on regulation and integration of activities of its cells. There are two systems that serve as means of internal communication within the organism. The nervous system ac ...
... Nervous System - Organization and Components I. Systems of Internal Communications The survival of a multicellular organism depends on regulation and integration of activities of its cells. There are two systems that serve as means of internal communication within the organism. The nervous system ac ...
ph16neuro lectures
... III. Stages of the action potential (3 different types of channels are involved) –Fig. 8 A. Depolarization from the resting potential to the threshold for opening voltage-gated Na+ channels. This occurs because a chemical transmitter opens "ligand-gated" sodium channels in the cell membrane and pos ...
... III. Stages of the action potential (3 different types of channels are involved) –Fig. 8 A. Depolarization from the resting potential to the threshold for opening voltage-gated Na+ channels. This occurs because a chemical transmitter opens "ligand-gated" sodium channels in the cell membrane and pos ...
Neurons and Functional Neuroanatomy
... length of the axon in one direction The action potential moves in one direction because the membrane is refractory (unable to respond) once the action potential has been initiated at any particular place on the membrane ...
... length of the axon in one direction The action potential moves in one direction because the membrane is refractory (unable to respond) once the action potential has been initiated at any particular place on the membrane ...
The Senses
... neurons called sensory receptors • The cells convert 1 type of signal to an electrical signal, called sensory transduction • Produces a receptor potential, a graded change in response to opening or closing ion channels • Neurotransmitter release is increased to signal the CNS ▫ The rate change in ac ...
... neurons called sensory receptors • The cells convert 1 type of signal to an electrical signal, called sensory transduction • Produces a receptor potential, a graded change in response to opening or closing ion channels • Neurotransmitter release is increased to signal the CNS ▫ The rate change in ac ...
neuro_pathology
... o Life-threatening ascending paralysis, nerve conduction velocity is slowed, CSF protein is elevated without increased cell count o Segmental demyelination and chronic inflammatory cells in nerve roots o Often follows a viral infection Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) o Like ...
... o Life-threatening ascending paralysis, nerve conduction velocity is slowed, CSF protein is elevated without increased cell count o Segmental demyelination and chronic inflammatory cells in nerve roots o Often follows a viral infection Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) o Like ...
senses blank - Saddlespace.org
... 1. A few types of color blindness a. Anomalous ___________________: have 3 photopigments, but only from __________________. (i) ______________________: reduced red sensitivity as L shifts toward M. (ii) ______________________: reduced green sensitivity as M shifts toward L (shown in graph and is the ...
... 1. A few types of color blindness a. Anomalous ___________________: have 3 photopigments, but only from __________________. (i) ______________________: reduced red sensitivity as L shifts toward M. (ii) ______________________: reduced green sensitivity as M shifts toward L (shown in graph and is the ...
PowerLecture: Chapter 13
... The cell body contains the nucleus and organelles. The cell body has slender extensions called dendrites; the cell body and the dendrites form the input zone for receiving information. Next comes the trigger zone, called the axon hillock in motor neurons and interneurons; the trigger zone leads to t ...
... The cell body contains the nucleus and organelles. The cell body has slender extensions called dendrites; the cell body and the dendrites form the input zone for receiving information. Next comes the trigger zone, called the axon hillock in motor neurons and interneurons; the trigger zone leads to t ...
Nervous System - s3.amazonaws.com
... muscles and integrates simple responses such as the knee-jerk reflex. • The brain includes homeostatic centers that keep the body functioning smoothly; sensory centers that integrate data from sense organs; and centers of emotion and intellect. • The brain also sends out motor commands to ...
... muscles and integrates simple responses such as the knee-jerk reflex. • The brain includes homeostatic centers that keep the body functioning smoothly; sensory centers that integrate data from sense organs; and centers of emotion and intellect. • The brain also sends out motor commands to ...
hwk-4-pg-521 - WordPress.com
... transmission of neural messages by efferent neurons to effectors (muscles or glands) where action appropriate to the stimulus occurs. 2. The nodes of Ranvier are gaps between sections of the myelin sheath, which expose the neuron to extracellular fluid. The alternating exposure and insulation from t ...
... transmission of neural messages by efferent neurons to effectors (muscles or glands) where action appropriate to the stimulus occurs. 2. The nodes of Ranvier are gaps between sections of the myelin sheath, which expose the neuron to extracellular fluid. The alternating exposure and insulation from t ...
Types of neurons
... Not present on all cells When present increases the speed of neural signals down the axon. ...
... Not present on all cells When present increases the speed of neural signals down the axon. ...
Lecture 11 - Fredonia.edu
... – Study of movement • Determination of timing patterns between speech movements – How are magnitude & speed regulated ...
... – Study of movement • Determination of timing patterns between speech movements – How are magnitude & speed regulated ...
Neuromuscular and Neurological Systems
... Specific to this impairment, the nurse would plan to do which of the following to ensure client safety? A. B. C. D. ...
... Specific to this impairment, the nurse would plan to do which of the following to ensure client safety? A. B. C. D. ...
The Special Senses
... Special Senses • Olfaction, gustation, equilibrium, hearing, & vision • Found within complex sense organs • Pass information along the cranial nerves to specific areas of the cerebral cortex. ...
... Special Senses • Olfaction, gustation, equilibrium, hearing, & vision • Found within complex sense organs • Pass information along the cranial nerves to specific areas of the cerebral cortex. ...
Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
... admits to drinking 10 to 12 cups of coffee daily. His doctor (knowing that caffeine lowers the threshold of neurons) suggests he reduce his intake of coffee. Given that caffeine lowers the threshold of neurons, how might this explain Mr. Jacobson’s symptoms? ...
... admits to drinking 10 to 12 cups of coffee daily. His doctor (knowing that caffeine lowers the threshold of neurons) suggests he reduce his intake of coffee. Given that caffeine lowers the threshold of neurons, how might this explain Mr. Jacobson’s symptoms? ...
A & P 240: Overview of the Human Nervous System
... 6. According to the all-or-none principle, if a stimulus is strong enough to generate an action potential, the impulse travels at a constant and maximum strength. A stronger stimulus will not cause a larger impulse. (Stimuli that can trigger a NAP are termed: Threshold (aka: Liminal); Stimuli that a ...
... 6. According to the all-or-none principle, if a stimulus is strong enough to generate an action potential, the impulse travels at a constant and maximum strength. A stronger stimulus will not cause a larger impulse. (Stimuli that can trigger a NAP are termed: Threshold (aka: Liminal); Stimuli that a ...
Review 2004 : Plastic Surgery
... – Superficial partial will heal – Deep partial ? – Full need excision and skin graft ...
... – Superficial partial will heal – Deep partial ? – Full need excision and skin graft ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.