Lecture 2: Basics and definitions - Homepages | The University of
... It can only transmit a succession of brief explosive waves, and the message can only be varied by changes in the frequency and in the total number of these waves. … But this limitation is really a small matter, for in the body the nervous units do not act in isolation as they do in our experiments. ...
... It can only transmit a succession of brief explosive waves, and the message can only be varied by changes in the frequency and in the total number of these waves. … But this limitation is really a small matter, for in the body the nervous units do not act in isolation as they do in our experiments. ...
Sound frequency (pitch, tone) measured in hertz (cycles per sec)
... membranes, organ of corti, hair cells (inner & outer), spiral neurons. 3. Transduction at the hair cell -- stereocilia bend due to vibrations in the basilar membrane while tectorial membrane stays still. Bending causes depolarization, spiral neuron fires. 4. Tonotopy -- the basilar membrane is organ ...
... membranes, organ of corti, hair cells (inner & outer), spiral neurons. 3. Transduction at the hair cell -- stereocilia bend due to vibrations in the basilar membrane while tectorial membrane stays still. Bending causes depolarization, spiral neuron fires. 4. Tonotopy -- the basilar membrane is organ ...
bio12_sm_11_1
... often used to remove tumours. In some cases, treatment of tumours with radiation and chemotherapy is required, if the tumours become cancerous. Other treatments for NF-1 are directed towards relieving symptoms associated with this disorder such as assistance with overcoming learning disorders that a ...
... often used to remove tumours. In some cases, treatment of tumours with radiation and chemotherapy is required, if the tumours become cancerous. Other treatments for NF-1 are directed towards relieving symptoms associated with this disorder such as assistance with overcoming learning disorders that a ...
The Nervous System 35-2
... Dendrites – short branches off the cell body that carry impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the cell body. ...
... Dendrites – short branches off the cell body that carry impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the cell body. ...
Central nervous system
... • In CNS, no neurilemma or endoneurium • Gaps between myelin segments = nodes of Ranvier • Initial segment (area before 1st schwann cell) & axon hillock form trigger zone where signals begin ...
... • In CNS, no neurilemma or endoneurium • Gaps between myelin segments = nodes of Ranvier • Initial segment (area before 1st schwann cell) & axon hillock form trigger zone where signals begin ...
Nervous System Structure
... ◦ Function: Saltatory Conduction (Situation where speed of an impulse is greatly increased by the message ‘jumping’ the gaps in an axon). ...
... ◦ Function: Saltatory Conduction (Situation where speed of an impulse is greatly increased by the message ‘jumping’ the gaps in an axon). ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 2.1 Locomotor behavior in hydra
... bilaterally symmetrical (divided by the midline neural groove), and regionalized (brain plate rostrally, spinal plate caudally). The neural crest is a thin zone between neural and somatic ectoderm, and a series of placodes develops as “islands” within the somatic ectoderm. The neural crest and placo ...
... bilaterally symmetrical (divided by the midline neural groove), and regionalized (brain plate rostrally, spinal plate caudally). The neural crest is a thin zone between neural and somatic ectoderm, and a series of placodes develops as “islands” within the somatic ectoderm. The neural crest and placo ...
Sensory input: Sensory structures, classification by function
... 4. the receptor cell axon (cranial nerve I) projects upward through the olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate and synapses with other neurons in the olfactory bulb ...
... 4. the receptor cell axon (cranial nerve I) projects upward through the olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate and synapses with other neurons in the olfactory bulb ...
Ch 35 PowerPoint - Damien Rutkoski
... Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them ...
... Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them ...
Chapter 14
... Vibrations pass to the scala tympani. Movements of perilymph travel to the base of cochlea where they displace the round window. As sound frequency increases, pressure waves of the perilymph are transmitted through the vestibular membrane and through the basilar ...
... Vibrations pass to the scala tympani. Movements of perilymph travel to the base of cochlea where they displace the round window. As sound frequency increases, pressure waves of the perilymph are transmitted through the vestibular membrane and through the basilar ...
Unit B6 Key Words
... A reaction of the muscles in the pupil to light. The pupil contracts in bright light and relaxes in dim light A chemical messenger secreted by gland that brings about a slow change in the body A change in the environment that causes a response Cells that detect changes in the environment The long ti ...
... A reaction of the muscles in the pupil to light. The pupil contracts in bright light and relaxes in dim light A chemical messenger secreted by gland that brings about a slow change in the body A change in the environment that causes a response Cells that detect changes in the environment The long ti ...
Endocrine and nervous system - Glasgow Independent Schools
... the bottom of their legs to their spinal cord several meters away!! ...
... the bottom of their legs to their spinal cord several meters away!! ...
Part 1: True/False
... C. Waking up in the middle of the night and writing unintelligible notes to himself D. Showing that 'stuff' dripping from the vagus nerve slows down the heart <––– E. Showing that heartbeat is controlled by vagus nerve 15. Neuropeptide Y is a peptide neurotransmitter. What can you say about this pep ...
... C. Waking up in the middle of the night and writing unintelligible notes to himself D. Showing that 'stuff' dripping from the vagus nerve slows down the heart <––– E. Showing that heartbeat is controlled by vagus nerve 15. Neuropeptide Y is a peptide neurotransmitter. What can you say about this pep ...
Nervous System
... the cell body are dendrites (depending on type, a neuron may have hundreds of dendrites) Processes that generate nerve impulses and conduct them away from the cell body are axons (only one axon) (some have a collateral branch along its length) (all branch to form hundreds to thousands of axonal term ...
... the cell body are dendrites (depending on type, a neuron may have hundreds of dendrites) Processes that generate nerve impulses and conduct them away from the cell body are axons (only one axon) (some have a collateral branch along its length) (all branch to form hundreds to thousands of axonal term ...
The Peripheral Nervous System
... The ossicles are activated by the small hairs that they have. When the fluid within them moves, it activates the hair cells. They can then situate our bodies by sending nerve impulses from the vestibular nerve to the brain. This is why we know where we are in space, and why we don’t fall down ...
... The ossicles are activated by the small hairs that they have. When the fluid within them moves, it activates the hair cells. They can then situate our bodies by sending nerve impulses from the vestibular nerve to the brain. This is why we know where we are in space, and why we don’t fall down ...
The Nervous System - Plain Local Schools
... sodium ions (Na+) outside and a relatively greater concentration of potassium ions (K+) inside • The cytoplasm of these cells has many large negatively charged particles that cannot diffuse across the cell membranes. ...
... sodium ions (Na+) outside and a relatively greater concentration of potassium ions (K+) inside • The cytoplasm of these cells has many large negatively charged particles that cannot diffuse across the cell membranes. ...
Biology 12 - The Nervous System Study Guide
... 24. How do neuro-poisons such as strychnine and nerve gas work? What are the symptoms of exposure? 25. How do narcotics such as heroin and morphine work? 26. Explain the biochemical events that occur when an impulse is transmitted through a reflex arc. Begin with the opening of the sodium gates in a ...
... 24. How do neuro-poisons such as strychnine and nerve gas work? What are the symptoms of exposure? 25. How do narcotics such as heroin and morphine work? 26. Explain the biochemical events that occur when an impulse is transmitted through a reflex arc. Begin with the opening of the sodium gates in a ...
Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Lesions
... Paralysis of denervated ms with loss of all types of movements; "voluntary, postural and reflex". ...
... Paralysis of denervated ms with loss of all types of movements; "voluntary, postural and reflex". ...
a14a NeuroPhysI
... Threshold stimulus—strong enough to push the membrane potential toward and beyond threshold (Membrane is depolarized by 15 to 20 mV) AP is an all-or-none phenomenon—action potentials either happen completely, or not at all All action potentials are alike and are independent of stimulus intensi ...
... Threshold stimulus—strong enough to push the membrane potential toward and beyond threshold (Membrane is depolarized by 15 to 20 mV) AP is an all-or-none phenomenon—action potentials either happen completely, or not at all All action potentials are alike and are independent of stimulus intensi ...
4-Nervous system I: Structure and organization
... -Sensory nerve fibers can be somatic (from skin, skeletal muscles or joints) or visceral (from organs within the ventral body cavity) 2. Motor (efferent) PNS nerve cells -Conduct impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles) -Motor nerve fibers (both autonomic and somatic/voluntary) ...
... -Sensory nerve fibers can be somatic (from skin, skeletal muscles or joints) or visceral (from organs within the ventral body cavity) 2. Motor (efferent) PNS nerve cells -Conduct impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles) -Motor nerve fibers (both autonomic and somatic/voluntary) ...
Bolt ModEP7e LG11.39-42B
... ♦Video: Module 9 of The Mind series, 2nd ed.: Studying the Effects of Subliminal Stimulation on the Mind ♦Transparency: 55 Absolute Threshold ...
... ♦Video: Module 9 of The Mind series, 2nd ed.: Studying the Effects of Subliminal Stimulation on the Mind ♦Transparency: 55 Absolute Threshold ...
Behavioral Neuroscience: The NeuroPsychological approach
... Karl Wernicke (German physician, 1848-1905), discovered another brain area that causes deficits in language comprehension. ...
... Karl Wernicke (German physician, 1848-1905), discovered another brain area that causes deficits in language comprehension. ...
Nervous System Formative Study Guide File
... nerves leading to and from the CNS, often through junctions known as ganglia. 2. Using what you know about the processes of the central nervous system, describe the path an impulse would take that would make you move in response to a tap on the shoulder. The tap on the shoulder would be picked up by ...
... nerves leading to and from the CNS, often through junctions known as ganglia. 2. Using what you know about the processes of the central nervous system, describe the path an impulse would take that would make you move in response to a tap on the shoulder. The tap on the shoulder would be picked up by ...
MRI research sheds new light on nerve fibers in
... in white matter and potentially allows information applications in the diagnosis and monitoring of about the nerve fibres (such as their size and direction) to be inferred from magnetic resonance brain and nervous system diseases like multiple sclerosis where there are known links to myelin images. ...
... in white matter and potentially allows information applications in the diagnosis and monitoring of about the nerve fibres (such as their size and direction) to be inferred from magnetic resonance brain and nervous system diseases like multiple sclerosis where there are known links to myelin images. ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.