MOTOR SYSTEM – Muscle, LMC, Spinal cord mechanisms of control
... sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Two cistern of SR associated with single T-tubules triad. - At each triad, voltage-gated calcium channels in T-tubule membrane are coupled to a different class of calcium channel in SR channel - AP in the T-tubule causes release of Ca2+ from SR rise in [Ca2+] causes ...
... sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Two cistern of SR associated with single T-tubules triad. - At each triad, voltage-gated calcium channels in T-tubule membrane are coupled to a different class of calcium channel in SR channel - AP in the T-tubule causes release of Ca2+ from SR rise in [Ca2+] causes ...
Chapter 12 - Nervous Tissue
... A. Organization of the Nervous System B. Histology of the Nervous System C. Neurophysiology D. Types of Synapses E. Functional Differences of Neurons II. Organization of the Nervous System A. The _________ System works closely with the endocrine system to maintain bodily ______________. 1. The nervo ...
... A. Organization of the Nervous System B. Histology of the Nervous System C. Neurophysiology D. Types of Synapses E. Functional Differences of Neurons II. Organization of the Nervous System A. The _________ System works closely with the endocrine system to maintain bodily ______________. 1. The nervo ...
Somatic Sensory System
... 2-point discrimination • Ability to discern 2 closely position points as 2 rather than 1. • Varies 20 fold throughout body • Fingertips have highest resolution – Due to high density of mechanoreceptors – Receptor subtypes with small receptive fields – More cortical neurons dedicated to decipherin ...
... 2-point discrimination • Ability to discern 2 closely position points as 2 rather than 1. • Varies 20 fold throughout body • Fingertips have highest resolution – Due to high density of mechanoreceptors – Receptor subtypes with small receptive fields – More cortical neurons dedicated to decipherin ...
Lesson 4 Section 9.2 Electrochemical Impulse
... Once the overall charge becomes negative (more + than – on the inside of the membrane) the Na+ gates close The cell works to restore the original polarity by using a sodium/potassium pump o 3 Na+ are pumped out, while 2 K+ are pumped in o ATP fuels this o The membrane is now repolarized, or back to ...
... Once the overall charge becomes negative (more + than – on the inside of the membrane) the Na+ gates close The cell works to restore the original polarity by using a sodium/potassium pump o 3 Na+ are pumped out, while 2 K+ are pumped in o ATP fuels this o The membrane is now repolarized, or back to ...
11Cranial nerve 8 (Vestibulo-cochlear)
... • There are several locations between medulla and the thalamus where axons may synapse and not all the fibers behave in the same manner. • Representation of cochlea is bilateral at all levels above ...
... • There are several locations between medulla and the thalamus where axons may synapse and not all the fibers behave in the same manner. • Representation of cochlea is bilateral at all levels above ...
Document
... Which of the following statements is correct? Periaquaductal gray neurons release -endorphin at their nerve endings. Nucleus raphe magnus neurons release serotonin at their nerve endings. Neurons with cell bodies located within the spinal cord that are stimulated by input from nucleus raphe magnus ...
... Which of the following statements is correct? Periaquaductal gray neurons release -endorphin at their nerve endings. Nucleus raphe magnus neurons release serotonin at their nerve endings. Neurons with cell bodies located within the spinal cord that are stimulated by input from nucleus raphe magnus ...
What happens in hereditary color deficiency? Red or green cone
... Receptors show adaptation ◦ most sensitive to changes rather than constant stimulation ◦ why is this important? ...
... Receptors show adaptation ◦ most sensitive to changes rather than constant stimulation ◦ why is this important? ...
Practice Exam 1
... voltage-gated calcium channel are blocked and can’t open. Which of the following are true? A) A sensory neuron for touch can still fire an action potential. B) Inhibitory neurons would not be able to release GABA from their axon terminals. C) He’s going to die pretty quickly. D) All of the above are ...
... voltage-gated calcium channel are blocked and can’t open. Which of the following are true? A) A sensory neuron for touch can still fire an action potential. B) Inhibitory neurons would not be able to release GABA from their axon terminals. C) He’s going to die pretty quickly. D) All of the above are ...
Nervous System Exam Review
... Be able to diagram how the nervous system is organized (refer to concept map). What is the fundamental unit of the nervous system? Distinguish between a neuron and a neuroglia cell. Know the 5 types of neuroglia cell --- where are they found, what do they do. Identify neurons by structural classific ...
... Be able to diagram how the nervous system is organized (refer to concept map). What is the fundamental unit of the nervous system? Distinguish between a neuron and a neuroglia cell. Know the 5 types of neuroglia cell --- where are they found, what do they do. Identify neurons by structural classific ...
Chapter 11 Notes
... Therefore stimuli below threshold levels will not produce a response As well, these experiments indicated that the response is often an all-ornone response In other words, either the response (such as muscle contraction) would either not be present (when the threshold level had not been reached) or ...
... Therefore stimuli below threshold levels will not produce a response As well, these experiments indicated that the response is often an all-ornone response In other words, either the response (such as muscle contraction) would either not be present (when the threshold level had not been reached) or ...
Amit Batla and Jalesh N. Panicker
... Figure 29-1 Innervation of the lower urinary tract A, Sympathetic fibers (shown in blue) originate in the T11–L2 segments in the spinal cord and run through the inferior mesenteric ganglia (inferior mesenteric plexus, IMP) and the hypogastric nerve (HGN) or through the paravertebral chain to enter ...
... Figure 29-1 Innervation of the lower urinary tract A, Sympathetic fibers (shown in blue) originate in the T11–L2 segments in the spinal cord and run through the inferior mesenteric ganglia (inferior mesenteric plexus, IMP) and the hypogastric nerve (HGN) or through the paravertebral chain to enter ...
The Central Nervous System
... Therefore stimuli below threshold levels will not produce a response As well, these experiments indicated that the response is often an all-ornone response In other words, either the response (such as muscle contraction) would either not be present (when the threshold level had not been reached) or ...
... Therefore stimuli below threshold levels will not produce a response As well, these experiments indicated that the response is often an all-ornone response In other words, either the response (such as muscle contraction) would either not be present (when the threshold level had not been reached) or ...
Nervous System II – Neurons
... Form the ________________________. Fatty layer formed around the ______________ of a neuron. Helps ______________ the speed at which impulses propagate along the axon because the impulses can hop between the _______________________________. __________________ in myelin sheath. Allow for ____________ ...
... Form the ________________________. Fatty layer formed around the ______________ of a neuron. Helps ______________ the speed at which impulses propagate along the axon because the impulses can hop between the _______________________________. __________________ in myelin sheath. Allow for ____________ ...
Physiology Ch 45 p543-557 [4-25
... may be blocked in its transmission from one neuron to the next, it may be changed from single impulse into repetitive imule, and it may be integrated with other impulses Types of Synapses: Chemical and Electrical – all synapses used for signal transmission in the CNS are CHEMICAL SYNAPSES, where fir ...
... may be blocked in its transmission from one neuron to the next, it may be changed from single impulse into repetitive imule, and it may be integrated with other impulses Types of Synapses: Chemical and Electrical – all synapses used for signal transmission in the CNS are CHEMICAL SYNAPSES, where fir ...
Name
... D. make the resting potential more negative. True/False 1. _____ A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized. 2. _____ Chloride ions are the dominant extracellular cations. 3. _____ Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous. 4. _____ When repolarization has occurred ...
... D. make the resting potential more negative. True/False 1. _____ A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized. 2. _____ Chloride ions are the dominant extracellular cations. 3. _____ Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous. 4. _____ When repolarization has occurred ...
The Central Nervous System
... B. Wernicke 抯 area is believed to control Broca 抯 area by means of the arcuate fasciculus. C. The angular gyrus is believed to integrate different sources of sensory information and project to Wernicke 抯 area. IV. The limbic system and hypothalamus are regions of the brain that have been implicated ...
... B. Wernicke 抯 area is believed to control Broca 抯 area by means of the arcuate fasciculus. C. The angular gyrus is believed to integrate different sources of sensory information and project to Wernicke 抯 area. IV. The limbic system and hypothalamus are regions of the brain that have been implicated ...
Document
... oxidative glucose metabolism) to maintain transmembrane gradients of K+ and Na+ Transports 3 Na+ out while bringing in 2 K+ ...
... oxidative glucose metabolism) to maintain transmembrane gradients of K+ and Na+ Transports 3 Na+ out while bringing in 2 K+ ...
nerve local potentials and action potentials - Peer
... potential diminishes in strength as it moves away from the site of the original stimulus—this is called “decremental” (decreasing in increments). This means that the local potential is not a very good way to get a signal over long distances—thus the name “local”. Action potentials are the same size ...
... potential diminishes in strength as it moves away from the site of the original stimulus—this is called “decremental” (decreasing in increments). This means that the local potential is not a very good way to get a signal over long distances—thus the name “local”. Action potentials are the same size ...
Sensory Systems
... __________________: respond to movement, pressure, and tension. Photoreceptors: respond to variations of light Chemoreceptors: respond to ______________ Thermoreceptors: respond to changes in temperature Pain receptors respond to tissue ____________ ...
... __________________: respond to movement, pressure, and tension. Photoreceptors: respond to variations of light Chemoreceptors: respond to ______________ Thermoreceptors: respond to changes in temperature Pain receptors respond to tissue ____________ ...
Brain & Behavior
... recharge, so to speak • K(+) pumped out of cell, (-) charge restored • Refractory period – neuron cannot fire again during this process ...
... recharge, so to speak • K(+) pumped out of cell, (-) charge restored • Refractory period – neuron cannot fire again during this process ...
Sensory Systems - Cedar Crest College
... • Convert sensory information into neural signals • Process is called sensory transduction ...
... • Convert sensory information into neural signals • Process is called sensory transduction ...
Biology 3201 - Corner Brook Regional High
... • Na+ gates close, K+ gates open and the pump begins pumping Na+ back out of the axon. • The time it takes to re-establish the polarized state is known as the refractory period. During this short period of time the neuron cannot fire. (0.001s) ...
... • Na+ gates close, K+ gates open and the pump begins pumping Na+ back out of the axon. • The time it takes to re-establish the polarized state is known as the refractory period. During this short period of time the neuron cannot fire. (0.001s) ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.