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Fictive Motion in Spanish
Fictive Motion in Spanish

... property of the path must be necessarily expressed. Thus, a FME must always include some path-related information, which may be either encoded in the verb or conveyed by some adverbial or adpositional phrase. Consider then the examples in (1): ...
Verb-Initial Clauses in Ancient Greek Prose
Verb-Initial Clauses in Ancient Greek Prose

... is to say, ‘This same construction is used in sentence Y, where there is no doubt as to its meaning; we can therefore assume the same meaning in sentence X unless there is specific evidence to the contrary.’ This difficulty is not at all peculiar to the study of information structure, though it is e ...
What Do Learners Need to Know about the - e
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... involving polysemous words, providing learners with the kind of information gained by native speakers over a long period of time in their daily contact with the language. We were particularly interested in how learners made use of the senses they would come across, which we related to Dirven’s (2002 ...
German Reflexives as Proper and Improper Arguments
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... part of their grammatical structure. In addition to these general conditions, there are language particular properties, which different languages can exhibit on the basis of different regulations. One variation of this sort is the particular role of Reflexives in German, which can show up as imprope ...
The finite independency A study of the relevance of the notion of
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... empirically independent parameters, although there may be number implicational correlations between them: for all languages, if person and /or number and/or tense are marked on the dependent forms, then they are also marked on independent forms (Nikolaeva ...
Kim, Kyumin - University of Toronto
Kim, Kyumin - University of Toronto

... ‘Mary1 dressed herself1.’ ...
Acquiring Linguistic Constructions
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... 3. O+O [Ball table, Mommy sock, etc. - i.e., utterances without a pivot] The main problem with Pivot Grammar was that, while it did capture something of the spirit of children’s early language, in its formalized form it was empirically inadequate since: (i) children did not always use the same pivot ...
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... a lexical representation (i.e. each affix having a lexical entry) or encoded in a rule-base (which generates the affixes)1 - cf. the previous references for discussion. Speas (1994) takes up this distinction as a possible explanation for the difference between languages which allow null subjects an ...
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... can be found in normal speech. These sentences are awkward in terms of their compatibility with the rest of that sentence‟s components. Given that speakers seem to use these awkward sentences fairly usually, there must be a process solving the incompatibility; that process has been called coercion. ...
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... group of verbs. Scholars concerned with the research of reported speech point to the fact that direct speech can be introduced by a variety of verbs. Deutscher (2011: p. 652) uses the expression speech related verb and gives the verb ‘to write’ as an example. Güldemann (2008: p. 12) uses the terms g ...
The Lord`s Prayer and Hail Mary
The Lord`s Prayer and Hail Mary

... as a mini-version of a Quenya Etymological Dictionary; while I will sometimes go into greater detail than a mere technical analysis of the text before us might seem to warrant, I will try to maintain the connection with the text itself. So to ensure easy referencing, nearly all of the entry-heads ci ...
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... further. Thus in regard to the 'vids', přišel may be opposed to přicházel [he was coming], přicházíval [he used to be coming], both of which present the action not as a complex fact, but in its course of development. Moreover, the basic meaning of přijíti can be modified in several ways, which consi ...
Lecture Notes: Chapter 3 - Web Hosting at UMass Amherst
Lecture Notes: Chapter 3 - Web Hosting at UMass Amherst

... allow for the possibility that Specifier of NP is obligatorily filled, accounting, then, for the ungrammaticality of (7c). Let’s leave the status of the specifier of NP open, for the moment. We’ll have a chance to revisit this issue when we examine more closely the structure of noun phrases. Phrases ...
Verbal Dvandvas in Modern Greek - OSU Linguistics
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... compound may in fact rather be N-V (i.e. abarono me kli∂i ‘lock with a key’, not from the verbal kli∂ono + abarono, with kli∂ono ‘lock by key’). Such is also the case with trigo-pata, alono-qerizi, and gremo-tsakizete. This fact may well be crucial concerning the historical development of the V-V ty ...
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... applying heat to the elements put together. Similarly, to draw up a contract means to create the final document; it does not involve the same activity as drawing something. However, the ditransitive benefactive will always entail the activity denoted by the transitive verb. When you cook someone a m ...
mandarin compound verbs - Taiwan Journal of Linguistics
mandarin compound verbs - Taiwan Journal of Linguistics

... I owe a deep debt of gratitude to the many people who enabled me to finish this work, a revision of my dissertation, defended at Leiden in September 2004, though I can only mention a few. I thank my children Eric and Nadia and nephew Shan for continuing to be such an important part of my life, and b ...
Verb Sophistication
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... cubes. There's little (EL):squares of cubes in the middle. And then also, there's a lump up. So we can make them stack on top. And there's bottom cover ’cause stack put the part on So youno can learnto and count. To we learn andthem. countWe when youfat grow, top. cancount put sixand on or seven or ...
Kanza Reader
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... and you will begin to recognize specific words and phrases. In time, you will even be able to recognize which story you are listening to without checking the book. Please note that the audio on the CD differs in one small respect from what one would expect; the gender of the voice recorded for the C ...
Alexandra Anna Spalek Verb Meaning and Combinatory Semantics: A Corpus-Based Study of
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... granted me a research staff contract during the last year at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Summing up, I just don’t think it can be said often enough that the acknowledgements are certainly the most difficult part of the thesis. These feelings are what we often forget about when doing science. Thus ...
Spring Term 2011- Ileana Baciu
Spring Term 2011- Ileana Baciu

... 1.0. Following Comrie (1976), we could state the difference between Tense and Aspect as one between situation-internal time (Aspect) and situation-external time (Tense). The term ‘aspect ’ was imported into the Western grammatical tradition from the study of Slavic grammar in the early nineteenth c ...
Syntax of Dutch. Verbs and Verb Phrases, Volume 1-3
Syntax of Dutch. Verbs and Verb Phrases, Volume 1-3

... Chapter 2 provides evidence, however, that in order to arrive at a satisfactory classification not only the number but also the type of arguments should be taken into account: we have to distinguish between what have become known as UNERGATIVE and UNACCUSATIVE verbs, which exhibit systematic differe ...
Issue 19, May 2010 - Institute of Technology Blanchardstown
Issue 19, May 2010 - Institute of Technology Blanchardstown

... ITB is presented by Leonie Troy, Matt Smith, Richard Gallery, all of ITB. This paper explores localisation issues in the development of games for mobile phones. Because of the additional work and complexity that localisation requires, such games are frequently produced without localisation in mind. ...
Statives and Reciprocal Morphology in Swahili
Statives and Reciprocal Morphology in Swahili

... foreign origin), but in subjunctives, plural imperatives, and present tense negation a different final vowel is used. (3) a. Ni lazima u-som-e. is necessary SM-read-Subjunc ‘It’s necessary that you study.’ b. Sem-e-ni! speak-VH-Plur ‘Speak (pl)!’ c. Ha-on-i kitu. Neg.SM-see-NegFV thing ‘He didn’t se ...
Dissertation Body
Dissertation Body

... Beginning in late OE, the unstressed vowels in the final syllables became reduced toward schwa or a schwa-like vowel. The inflectional endings of the OE strong verb principal parts, namely <-an> for the infinitive, <-on> for the preterite plural, and <-en> for the past participle, came to be written ...
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Kagoshima verb conjugations

The verbal morphology of the Kagoshima dialects is heavily marked by numerous distinctive phonological processes, as well as both morphological and lexical differences. The following article deals primarily with the changes and differences affecting the verb conjugations of the central Kagoshima dialect, spoken throughout most of the mainland and especially around Kagoshima City, though notes on peripheral dialects may be added. Like standard Japanese, verbs do not inflect for person or plurality, and come in nine basic stems. However, contrary to the standard language, all verbs ending with the stem -ru conjugate regularly as consonant-stem verbs, though irregularities are present in other forms.Most notably, the distinction and irregular conjugation pattern of the shimo nidan or ""lower bigrade"" ending -(y)uru, which corresponds to standard Japanese -eru, is still preserved in the dialect. However, kami nidan or ""upper bigrade"" verbs ending in -iru have merged with all other verbs ending in -ru, in a similar fashion to other Kyushu dialects like that of Ōita.
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