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Japanese Grammar Guide - Tae Kim`s Guide to Learning Japanese
Japanese Grammar Guide - Tae Kim`s Guide to Learning Japanese

... 4.4.2 Expressing a sequence of verbs with the te-form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.3 Expressing reason or causation using 「から」 and 「ので」 . . . . . . . 4.4.4 Using 「のに」 to mean "despite" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.5 Expressing contradiction using 「が」 and 「けど」 . . . . . . . . . ...
Practice Makes Perfect Spanish Verb Tenses, Second
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... A verb whose verb base does not remain intact, or one that when conjugated does not take regular -ar, -er, or -ir endings. IRREGULAR VERB ...
THE EPP, NOMINATIVE CASE and EXPLETIVES
THE EPP, NOMINATIVE CASE and EXPLETIVES

... postverbal NPs, this head is not specified for φ-features, which results in default agreement and licensing of an expletive that is specified for exactly the same features. This type of agreement also surfaces with weather predicates, temporal predicates and predicates that take clausal complements, ...
Part II: Writing in the Present
Part II: Writing in the Present

... No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the ...
Intermediate Spanish for Dummies
Intermediate Spanish for Dummies

... No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the ...
Automatic Detection of Conceptual Time Metaphors - BORA
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... quote: “id ergo est tempus? Si nemo ex me quaret, scio. Si quaerenti explicare velim, nescio.”¹ is quote illustrates perfectly the problems ancient solars had with conceptualizing time. By now, many studies from the fields of philosophy, psyology and linguistics have elaborated on this maer and ...
grammaticalization and the semantic
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... stative verbs become partially grammaticalized (yet still lexical) deontic modals in Old English and Old High German. The more grammaticalized, epistemic modals generally do not appear until later in the Middle English and Middle High German periods. And finally, Modern English and New High German a ...
Nathaniel Dorgbetor
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... An alternative realization of the sub-categorization of ditransitive verbs is the Double Object Construction (DOC). English and Ewe are part of the few languages that permit the DOC pattern. Per the asymmetric relationship between the internal arguments in the DOC; variants of the shell structure, o ...
Lessons in Colloquial Hindustani for Fiji
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Wh-Phrases as Indefinites: A Vietnamese Perspective∗

... if Nim Neg eat [CL cake Rel Gi buy for who] then Gi very happy ‘If Nim does not eat the cake that Gi bought for anyone, then Gi will be very happy.’ *‘If there is someone such that Nim does not eat the cake that Gi bought for that person, then Gi will be ...
The Syntax of Meteorology: The Linguistic Status of Variadic Functions
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... distributes. Grimshaw (2005, p. 76) puts the point nicely by saying that some aspects of lexical meaning are ‘linguistically inactive’, while other aspects are ‘linguistically active’. I take some such distinction to be standard (see, e.g., Higginbotham, 1989; ...
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... plausible for our data. The first one is that given the hierarchical ordering (Cinque 1999), the gerund would precede the main predicate; however, the order between main verb and gerund is rigidly Verb-Gerund. The second is that, from what we know from bona fide restructuring cases, this would force ...
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The semantics of the Turkish accusative marked
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... These examples, however, can receive a plausible account under the analysis provided in this paper. To give a hint of what to expect, I will look into what an addressee presupposes with the question uttered and I will refer to this as the presupposition carried by the question under discussion (QUD) ...
Braj in Brief - Hindi Urdu Flagship
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... If all this metrical detail wearies you, ignore it and move on. I will at some point add recordings of the couplets included here. In gnomic genres of the kind found in Vnd’s Nīti Satsai, the first line postulates an abstract thought, and the second confirms it with a concrete illustration: thus in ...
The verbal valency in the Prague Dependency Treebank
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... means of a single character for each category) after the dividing symbol ´.´ (full stop) or ´:´ (colon) in the following order: part of speech, gender, number, case, degree of comparison and an agreement. For example, for the requirement of accusative we write .4, for plural locative .P6 etc. If any ...
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... means of a single character for each category) after the dividing symbol ´.´ (full stop) or ´:´ (colon) in the following order: part of speech, gender, number, case, degree of comparison and an agreement. For example, for the requirement of accusative we write .4, for plural locative .P6 etc. If any ...
110 CHAPTER 3. NULL OBJECTS IN ENGLISH
110 CHAPTER 3. NULL OBJECTS IN ENGLISH

... As mentioned in Chapter 1, null arguments in English also occur in object position. However, these null objects are a distinct phenomena from the null subjects discussed in Chapter 2, the most immediately obvious differences being that null objects generally are not limited to conversational registe ...
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Presentation sentences in fiction and academic prose: a syntactico

... work formed an inspiring environment in the Department of English Language and ELT Methodology in which students could grow freely and where objective judgement and moral principles have always come as a matter of course. My thanks are due to the whole Department as well, especially in the light of ...
Untitled - NACCL - The Ohio State University
Untitled - NACCL - The Ohio State University

... 1979: 112-8; Givon, 2009; Li & Thompson, 1981; Noonan, 1985). It is hoped that the fuzzy boundary proposal of this study may help clarify this construction in Chinese grammar for language learners for their understanding and usage of this pattern. 2. Background information and data 2.1. Serial verb ...
- UM Students` Repository
- UM Students` Repository

... punctuation, spelling, and phonetic transcription of the vocabulary, tests, visual aids and dialogues. The findings also showed that the materials were interesting and logically sequenced. The exercises suited the students' level and their interest. Ababneh (2007) conducted a study by analyzing the ...
Negation in Uralic languages - uralicnegation
Negation in Uralic languages - uralicnegation

... ‘Of course, (his string of sledges) will be long, he is rich.’ 2. Verbal noun / participle + mantə: ‘as if it were true’ The second type of “inversive negative” constructions is typical for Nganasan. It uses either one of the verbal nouns or the Present or Past Participle plus the postposition mantə ...
This article is an overview of the current state of
This article is an overview of the current state of

... ‘Of course, (his string of sledges) will be long, he is rich.’ 2. Verbal noun / participle + mantə: ‘as if it were true’ The second type of “inversive negative” constructions is typical for Nganasan. It uses either one of the verbal nouns or the Present or Past Participle plus the postposition mantə ...
Complex Predicates Müller, Stefan
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... and adds a result predicate. The most complex phenomenon that is discussed in this book is the combination of verbs with particles which will be discussed in Chapter 6. There are large classes of particle verbs that are formed productively and there are also many particle verb combinations that do n ...
English ditransitive verbs often allow two distinct structures, the
English ditransitive verbs often allow two distinct structures, the

... or directly to the theme (Pylkkänen (2002)). The applicative head contributes the meaning distinct to the DOC, and it gives rise to the hierarchical structure noted by Barss and Lasnik. This applicative head is missing in the to-dative so that this construction has an argument structure distinct fro ...
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Kagoshima verb conjugations

The verbal morphology of the Kagoshima dialects is heavily marked by numerous distinctive phonological processes, as well as both morphological and lexical differences. The following article deals primarily with the changes and differences affecting the verb conjugations of the central Kagoshima dialect, spoken throughout most of the mainland and especially around Kagoshima City, though notes on peripheral dialects may be added. Like standard Japanese, verbs do not inflect for person or plurality, and come in nine basic stems. However, contrary to the standard language, all verbs ending with the stem -ru conjugate regularly as consonant-stem verbs, though irregularities are present in other forms.Most notably, the distinction and irregular conjugation pattern of the shimo nidan or ""lower bigrade"" ending -(y)uru, which corresponds to standard Japanese -eru, is still preserved in the dialect. However, kami nidan or ""upper bigrade"" verbs ending in -iru have merged with all other verbs ending in -ru, in a similar fashion to other Kyushu dialects like that of Ōita.
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