Skeletal System
... Recall that the somatic motor system innervates skeletal muscles Each somatic motor neuron runs from the central nervous system all the way to the muscle being innervated, and that each motor unit consists of a single neuron plus the skeletal muscle cells it innervates Typical somatic motor axons ar ...
... Recall that the somatic motor system innervates skeletal muscles Each somatic motor neuron runs from the central nervous system all the way to the muscle being innervated, and that each motor unit consists of a single neuron plus the skeletal muscle cells it innervates Typical somatic motor axons ar ...
Insect hearing: from physics to ecology - Karl-Franzens
... these taxa later enabled their additional use for communication and promoted the evolution of ultrasound communication signals (Nakano et al. 2015). A close range communication with low-intensity ultrasounds during courtship may be more common in moths than anticipated. The paper by Lakes-Harlan and ...
... these taxa later enabled their additional use for communication and promoted the evolution of ultrasound communication signals (Nakano et al. 2015). A close range communication with low-intensity ultrasounds during courtship may be more common in moths than anticipated. The paper by Lakes-Harlan and ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... innervates often receive additional afferent innervation. These afferent fibers are important in reflex autonomic activity (e.g., regulation of blood pressure) and conscious sensation (discomfort, pain, etc.) B. Subdivisions of the ANS-Defined by location of cell body of preganglionic neuron 1. Symp ...
... innervates often receive additional afferent innervation. These afferent fibers are important in reflex autonomic activity (e.g., regulation of blood pressure) and conscious sensation (discomfort, pain, etc.) B. Subdivisions of the ANS-Defined by location of cell body of preganglionic neuron 1. Symp ...
This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of
... motor action is inhibited, people should be slower to emit that same response later, or if a memory has been inhibited, it should become more difficult to retrieve. Methods that measure the inhibitory aftereffects of response override have the advantage of not presupposing inhibition as the mechanis ...
... motor action is inhibited, people should be slower to emit that same response later, or if a memory has been inhibited, it should become more difficult to retrieve. Methods that measure the inhibitory aftereffects of response override have the advantage of not presupposing inhibition as the mechanis ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... are crucial to behaviors related to reward and motivation. Over the past few years, we have undertaken a series of studies to understand: 1) how excitatory inputs regulate in vivo excitable properties of BST neurons, and 2) how BST inputs in turn modulate neuronal activity of dopamine neurons in VTA ...
... are crucial to behaviors related to reward and motivation. Over the past few years, we have undertaken a series of studies to understand: 1) how excitatory inputs regulate in vivo excitable properties of BST neurons, and 2) how BST inputs in turn modulate neuronal activity of dopamine neurons in VTA ...
Course of spinocerebellar axons in the ventral and lateral funiculi of
... In an earlier study we used a retrograde tracing technique to investigate the location and course of spinocerebellar axons in the spinal cord of the cat following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-HRP into the anterior lobe, the main area of termination of spi ...
... In an earlier study we used a retrograde tracing technique to investigate the location and course of spinocerebellar axons in the spinal cord of the cat following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-HRP into the anterior lobe, the main area of termination of spi ...
Functional Microarchitecture of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... We found that preferred direction, preferred orientation, and orientation tuning width were more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such ...
... We found that preferred direction, preferred orientation, and orientation tuning width were more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such ...
Responses of Primate Caudal Parabrachial Nucleus and Ko¨lliker
... spatial tuning about a best orientation in different cells. The spatial properties of velocity and integrated velocity and position responses were independent for all position-sensitive neurons; the angular velocity and integrated angular velocity signals showed independent spatial tuning in the pos ...
... spatial tuning about a best orientation in different cells. The spatial properties of velocity and integrated velocity and position responses were independent for all position-sensitive neurons; the angular velocity and integrated angular velocity signals showed independent spatial tuning in the pos ...
Diencephalon and Hypothalamus
... a. comprised of a large number of nuclei; -->lateral geniculate (vision) and the medial geniculate (hearing). b. serves as the great sensory receiving area (receives sensory input from all sensory pathways except olfaction) and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex. ...
... a. comprised of a large number of nuclei; -->lateral geniculate (vision) and the medial geniculate (hearing). b. serves as the great sensory receiving area (receives sensory input from all sensory pathways except olfaction) and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex. ...
Glioblastoma - The Brain Tumour Charity
... The specialist will ask questions about your health and give you a physical examination. They will also test your nervous system (called a ‘neurological examination’). This involves looking at your vision, hearing, alertness, muscle strength, co-ordination and reflexes. They may also look at the bac ...
... The specialist will ask questions about your health and give you a physical examination. They will also test your nervous system (called a ‘neurological examination’). This involves looking at your vision, hearing, alertness, muscle strength, co-ordination and reflexes. They may also look at the bac ...
Ecology and Echolocation of Bats and Toothed Whales
... pulses need to be shortened with higher pulse repetition rates, to prevent masking of echoes caused by outgoing pulses or background noise caused by clutter (Schnitzler & Kalko, 2001). Single or multiple pulses are emitted on each upstroke of the wings, using the energy of the wing beat to produce s ...
... pulses need to be shortened with higher pulse repetition rates, to prevent masking of echoes caused by outgoing pulses or background noise caused by clutter (Schnitzler & Kalko, 2001). Single or multiple pulses are emitted on each upstroke of the wings, using the energy of the wing beat to produce s ...
Reticular Formation
... reticular neurons. Via this repetition of relays (polysynaptic), axons reach the diencephalon ending in Hypothalamus and Thalamus (Intralaminar nuclei, and Nucleus of the midline) Intralaminar nuclei send fibers to other thalamic nuclei that then project to widespread areas of the cerebral cortex in ...
... reticular neurons. Via this repetition of relays (polysynaptic), axons reach the diencephalon ending in Hypothalamus and Thalamus (Intralaminar nuclei, and Nucleus of the midline) Intralaminar nuclei send fibers to other thalamic nuclei that then project to widespread areas of the cerebral cortex in ...
Hindbrain Glucoprivation Effects on Gastric Vagal Reflex Circuits
... Gastric-DMN neurons typically exhibit a characteristic, spontaneous, pacemaker activity; tonic basal DMN firing rate (FR) of ⬃2–3 spikes/s. Moderate distension (0.1–1.0 ml) of the stomach via the antral balloon causes a sharp and stimulus-dependent reduction in spontaneous DMN-FR that is time-locked ...
... Gastric-DMN neurons typically exhibit a characteristic, spontaneous, pacemaker activity; tonic basal DMN firing rate (FR) of ⬃2–3 spikes/s. Moderate distension (0.1–1.0 ml) of the stomach via the antral balloon causes a sharp and stimulus-dependent reduction in spontaneous DMN-FR that is time-locked ...
Neural correlates of odor learning in the honeybee antennal lobe
... throughout the text, recognizing that such ‘units’ may well receive spikes from more than one neuron, possibly two (and in rare cases even three) very closely attached neurons. We included into our analysis only such recordings that were stable with respect to the spike waveforms over the whole time ...
... throughout the text, recognizing that such ‘units’ may well receive spikes from more than one neuron, possibly two (and in rare cases even three) very closely attached neurons. We included into our analysis only such recordings that were stable with respect to the spike waveforms over the whole time ...
Knowledge, Performance, and Task: Décalage and Dynamics in Young Children’s
... nouns such as table, hammer and key that name solid objects in shape-based categories (Samuelson & Smith, 1999), may not be appropriate for all nominal categories, however. For instance, it is not clear that children should attend to shape when naming things made from deformable materials such as pa ...
... nouns such as table, hammer and key that name solid objects in shape-based categories (Samuelson & Smith, 1999), may not be appropriate for all nominal categories, however. For instance, it is not clear that children should attend to shape when naming things made from deformable materials such as pa ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... ⬃5 mV for neurons (16). This relative insensitivity of neuronal resting potential to changes in [KⳭ]o in the ‘‘physiologic’’ range may have emerged as an adaptive feature that stabilizes the resting potential of neurons in the face of the transient increases in [KⳭ]o that accompany neuronal activity ...
... ⬃5 mV for neurons (16). This relative insensitivity of neuronal resting potential to changes in [KⳭ]o in the ‘‘physiologic’’ range may have emerged as an adaptive feature that stabilizes the resting potential of neurons in the face of the transient increases in [KⳭ]o that accompany neuronal activity ...
Organization of Cytoskeletal Elements and Organelles Preceding
... reorientation precedes the migration of the cell in the direction of the stimulus (for review, see Singer and Kupfer, 1986). Previous attempts to address this issue in neurons have shown that while in a specific neuroblastoma cell line the MTOC was aligned with the direction of neurite extension (Sp ...
... reorientation precedes the migration of the cell in the direction of the stimulus (for review, see Singer and Kupfer, 1986). Previous attempts to address this issue in neurons have shown that while in a specific neuroblastoma cell line the MTOC was aligned with the direction of neurite extension (Sp ...
9-Sensation of Smell..
... • identify what the body needs for survival • identify what is dangerous and should be rejected ...
... • identify what the body needs for survival • identify what is dangerous and should be rejected ...
Full Text - Cerebral Cortex
... relation to reward expectancy and compared findings with those of the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) in the monkey. Activity of OFC neurons was examined in a delayed reaction time task where every four trials constituted one block within which three kinds of rewards and no reward were delivered in ...
... relation to reward expectancy and compared findings with those of the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) in the monkey. Activity of OFC neurons was examined in a delayed reaction time task where every four trials constituted one block within which three kinds of rewards and no reward were delivered in ...
Neurotransmitter
... Electrical synapses were first discovered in 1959 in study on crayfish. Electrical transmission of nerve impulse is found at many locations in various animals, e.g., vertebrate retina, some locations of vertebrate nervous system, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle fibers and sensory neurons. Elect ...
... Electrical synapses were first discovered in 1959 in study on crayfish. Electrical transmission of nerve impulse is found at many locations in various animals, e.g., vertebrate retina, some locations of vertebrate nervous system, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle fibers and sensory neurons. Elect ...
Goal-Directed Navigation based on Path Integration and Decoding
... models generate a goal-direction signal by detecting particular combinations—across grid modules—of phase differences between the grid cell representations of the current location and the goal location. The model presented in this paper resembles Bush et al’s latter approach. The current grid cell s ...
... models generate a goal-direction signal by detecting particular combinations—across grid modules—of phase differences between the grid cell representations of the current location and the goal location. The model presented in this paper resembles Bush et al’s latter approach. The current grid cell s ...
How Spike Generation Mechanisms Determine the Neuronal
... Correspondence should be addressed to Nicolas Brunel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neurophysique et Physiologie du Système Moteur, Université Paris René Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. E-mail: [email protected]. Copyright ...
... Correspondence should be addressed to Nicolas Brunel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neurophysique et Physiologie du Système Moteur, Université Paris René Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. E-mail: [email protected]. Copyright ...
Orientation topography of layer 4 lateral networks revealed by
... focused exclusively on layer 2/3. Because different cortical layers are composed of different neuron types, the question arises whether the layer 2/3 ®ndings could also be applied to deeper laminae. In the present study, we focused our interest on layer 4 connections. Electrophysiological studies sh ...
... focused exclusively on layer 2/3. Because different cortical layers are composed of different neuron types, the question arises whether the layer 2/3 ®ndings could also be applied to deeper laminae. In the present study, we focused our interest on layer 4 connections. Electrophysiological studies sh ...