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... locations on the current hand position, we first found the angular position of the hand relative to the center of the workspace (Fig. 1e). We analyzed the distribution of Φ’s: the angu ...
... locations on the current hand position, we first found the angular position of the hand relative to the center of the workspace (Fig. 1e). We analyzed the distribution of Φ’s: the angu ...
resumo_pertes_mecani..
... to other brain stem areas and the thalamus; and 3) reciprocal connections between the thalamus and cerebral cortex. Modulation: This process is concerned with modifying neural activity leading to control over the pain transmission neurons. This can result in reduction or enhancement of the nocicepti ...
... to other brain stem areas and the thalamus; and 3) reciprocal connections between the thalamus and cerebral cortex. Modulation: This process is concerned with modifying neural activity leading to control over the pain transmission neurons. This can result in reduction or enhancement of the nocicepti ...
Confidence-Related Decision Making
... DA and DB, which become active for decisions A and B, respectively. During the stimulation, pool DA (DB) receives sensory information about odor A (or B) via external input A,B. When stimulus A (or B) is applied, pool DA (or DB) will usually win the competition and end up with high firing, indicati ...
... DA and DB, which become active for decisions A and B, respectively. During the stimulation, pool DA (DB) receives sensory information about odor A (or B) via external input A,B. When stimulus A (or B) is applied, pool DA (or DB) will usually win the competition and end up with high firing, indicati ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsychology
... • The RAS, considered the arousal system, plays an important role in maintaining consciousness and attentional states for the entire brain. • The RAS has been hypothesized as one of the critical mechanisms involved in ADHD. ...
... • The RAS, considered the arousal system, plays an important role in maintaining consciousness and attentional states for the entire brain. • The RAS has been hypothesized as one of the critical mechanisms involved in ADHD. ...
Linking Objects to Actions: Encoding of Target Object and Grasping
... (2) Perform dimensionality reduction using the t-SNE algorithm developed by van der Maaten and Hinton (2008). The goal is to project the original high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional space of size d to facilitate visualization and analysis. The t-SNE algorithm uses explicit models of the “lo ...
... (2) Perform dimensionality reduction using the t-SNE algorithm developed by van der Maaten and Hinton (2008). The goal is to project the original high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional space of size d to facilitate visualization and analysis. The t-SNE algorithm uses explicit models of the “lo ...
H1 - Brian Whitworth
... “It is odds on that a machine - or organ - with sluggishly functioning components and a parallel mode of operation would be able to thrash a computer with high speed components but a sequential mode of ...
... “It is odds on that a machine - or organ - with sluggishly functioning components and a parallel mode of operation would be able to thrash a computer with high speed components but a sequential mode of ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... period, the odour was rated using a button box for both pleasantness and intensity, using a visual rating scale from 2 (very pleasant/very strong) to 2 (very unpleasant/very weak). fMRI data acquisition Images were acquired with a 3.0-T VARIAN/SIEMENS whole-body scanner at FMRIB, Oxford. Local brai ...
... period, the odour was rated using a button box for both pleasantness and intensity, using a visual rating scale from 2 (very pleasant/very strong) to 2 (very unpleasant/very weak). fMRI data acquisition Images were acquired with a 3.0-T VARIAN/SIEMENS whole-body scanner at FMRIB, Oxford. Local brai ...
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials Trigger a Plateau Potential in Rat
... 1983; Moriizumi and Hattori 1992). How STN neurons respond to these inputs depends on their membrane properties. In slice studies, STN neurons fire regularly, increasing firing frequencies linearly with the magnitude of injected currents (Bevan and Wilson 1999; Nakanishi et al. 1987). This would sug ...
... 1983; Moriizumi and Hattori 1992). How STN neurons respond to these inputs depends on their membrane properties. In slice studies, STN neurons fire regularly, increasing firing frequencies linearly with the magnitude of injected currents (Bevan and Wilson 1999; Nakanishi et al. 1987). This would sug ...
Hypergravity hinders axonal development of motor neurons
... significantly increases the number of animals with defects in the development of axonal projections from the DD/VD neurons. We showed that a critical period of hypergravity exposure during the embryonic/early larval stage was sufficient to induce defects. While characterizing the nature of the axona ...
... significantly increases the number of animals with defects in the development of axonal projections from the DD/VD neurons. We showed that a critical period of hypergravity exposure during the embryonic/early larval stage was sufficient to induce defects. While characterizing the nature of the axona ...
Expectancies in decision making, reinforcement
... Decisions can arise in different ways, such as from a gut feeling, doing what worked last time, or planful deliberation. Different decision-making systems are dissociable behaviorally, map onto distinct brain systems, and have different computational demands. For instance, “model-free” decision stra ...
... Decisions can arise in different ways, such as from a gut feeling, doing what worked last time, or planful deliberation. Different decision-making systems are dissociable behaviorally, map onto distinct brain systems, and have different computational demands. For instance, “model-free” decision stra ...
Dynamical systems view
... An epic, twenty-year battle was fought over the cortical representation of movement. Do motor cortex neurons represent the direction of the hand during reaching, or do they represent other features of movement such as joint rotation or muscle output? Graziano 2011 The role of the motor system is to ...
... An epic, twenty-year battle was fought over the cortical representation of movement. Do motor cortex neurons represent the direction of the hand during reaching, or do they represent other features of movement such as joint rotation or muscle output? Graziano 2011 The role of the motor system is to ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... Generation of Neurons from Wild-Type and Mecp22/y ESCs To study the role of MeCP2 during the earliest stages of neuronal maturation, we used E14 TG2a wild-type (Mecp2þ/y) and Mecp2/y ESCs [4]. Since the success of our neuronal differentiation procedure relies on the uniformity and pluripotency of t ...
... Generation of Neurons from Wild-Type and Mecp22/y ESCs To study the role of MeCP2 during the earliest stages of neuronal maturation, we used E14 TG2a wild-type (Mecp2þ/y) and Mecp2/y ESCs [4]. Since the success of our neuronal differentiation procedure relies on the uniformity and pluripotency of t ...
Wasp uses venom cocktail to manipulate the behavior F. Libersat
... into the nervous system of its prey The first sting is applied to the first thoracic segment, which houses the pro-thoracic ganglion. Cockroaches stung only once in the prothorax exhibit a flaccid paralysis of the front legs from which they recover within a few minutes (Fouad et al. 1994). Because t ...
... into the nervous system of its prey The first sting is applied to the first thoracic segment, which houses the pro-thoracic ganglion. Cockroaches stung only once in the prothorax exhibit a flaccid paralysis of the front legs from which they recover within a few minutes (Fouad et al. 1994). Because t ...
Prefrontal and parietal cortex mediate the interference
... anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent (BOLD) signal in the primary visual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), supplementary motor area (SMA), right middle frontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis in humans [4,5]. It has also ...
... anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent (BOLD) signal in the primary visual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), supplementary motor area (SMA), right middle frontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis in humans [4,5]. It has also ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... enhance the wake state and cognitive arousal (Hagan et al. 1999). As smoking enhances cognitive arousal, it is possible that one site of nicotine action is on the hypocretin cell. Nicotine has been suggested to modulate hypocretin neurons or neurons innervated by hypocretin axons (Hollander et al. 2 ...
... enhance the wake state and cognitive arousal (Hagan et al. 1999). As smoking enhances cognitive arousal, it is possible that one site of nicotine action is on the hypocretin cell. Nicotine has been suggested to modulate hypocretin neurons or neurons innervated by hypocretin axons (Hollander et al. 2 ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex and Human Drug Abuse: Functional Imaging
... substance abuse. Using such a strategy, individual components of aberrant behavior in substance abusers can be studied separately. One of these components is expectancy that is based on predictions of reward and attribution of probabilistic rewarding properties to the stimulus-object. Another is com ...
... substance abuse. Using such a strategy, individual components of aberrant behavior in substance abusers can be studied separately. One of these components is expectancy that is based on predictions of reward and attribution of probabilistic rewarding properties to the stimulus-object. Another is com ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
Sònia Najas Sales Role of DYRK1A in the development of Syndrome
... Intellectual disability is the most invalidating hallmark in Down syndrome (DS), which is caused by an extra copy of human chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS ...
... Intellectual disability is the most invalidating hallmark in Down syndrome (DS), which is caused by an extra copy of human chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... condition (either main or interaction effect) and checked their preference for large or small reward condition (i.e. whether the activity is high in the large or small reward condition) in each block. If the activity showed a significant dependence on reward condition in both blocks but the preferenc ...
... condition (either main or interaction effect) and checked their preference for large or small reward condition (i.e. whether the activity is high in the large or small reward condition) in each block. If the activity showed a significant dependence on reward condition in both blocks but the preferenc ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... this approach finds the shortest line from the cortical surface to the grey and white matter boundary - though the direction which that line could take may be constrained. The use of this straight-line method was initially implemented in the study of post-mortem specimen, where the investigator woul ...
... this approach finds the shortest line from the cortical surface to the grey and white matter boundary - though the direction which that line could take may be constrained. The use of this straight-line method was initially implemented in the study of post-mortem specimen, where the investigator woul ...
Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Neuronal Cell Death in
... activity and m2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (m2-AChR). Animals subjected to stress and chemicals exhibited both disruption of the BBB and neuronal cell death in the cingulate cortex, the dentate gyrus, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. Other regions of the brain, although they demonstrated ...
... activity and m2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (m2-AChR). Animals subjected to stress and chemicals exhibited both disruption of the BBB and neuronal cell death in the cingulate cortex, the dentate gyrus, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. Other regions of the brain, although they demonstrated ...
Through the looking glass: counter
... Each trial began with the presentation of the warning stimulus. The warning stimulus was shown for a variable duration between 800 and 1280 ms before it was replaced by the imperative stimulus, which was shown for 640 ms. Each trial therefore depicted either a hand or foot being raised from a restin ...
... Each trial began with the presentation of the warning stimulus. The warning stimulus was shown for a variable duration between 800 and 1280 ms before it was replaced by the imperative stimulus, which was shown for 640 ms. Each trial therefore depicted either a hand or foot being raised from a restin ...
the spatial control of ganglionic neurite growth by the substrate
... between the known location of the pathway and the spatial distribution of neurites extended from whole ciliary ganglia or dissociated neurons grown on the patterned substrate. When individual growth cones moving on the pathway contact one of its edges, they turn sharply so as to remain on the pathwa ...
... between the known location of the pathway and the spatial distribution of neurites extended from whole ciliary ganglia or dissociated neurons grown on the patterned substrate. When individual growth cones moving on the pathway contact one of its edges, they turn sharply so as to remain on the pathwa ...
Read Neuroglia
... neuroglia biology britannica com - neuroglia also called glial cell or glia any of several types of cell that function primarily to support neurons the term neuroglia means nerve glue, neuroglia function definition video lesson - your brain s support system to serve protect and support that almost s ...
... neuroglia biology britannica com - neuroglia also called glial cell or glia any of several types of cell that function primarily to support neurons the term neuroglia means nerve glue, neuroglia function definition video lesson - your brain s support system to serve protect and support that almost s ...