Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety
... projecting to the same cell. Following a small number of pairings, the initially weak synaptic input is potentiated. This potentiation is not seen when an equal number of the weak and strong inputs are presented in an unpaired fashion. In the CAI region of the hippocampus, activation of the weak inp ...
... projecting to the same cell. Following a small number of pairings, the initially weak synaptic input is potentiated. This potentiation is not seen when an equal number of the weak and strong inputs are presented in an unpaired fashion. In the CAI region of the hippocampus, activation of the weak inp ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... M10) with R7, R8, and the monopolar L1–L5 neurons of the lamina specifically terminating in one or a few of the distal (relative to brain) M1–M6 strata (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Meinertzhagen and Sorra, 2001; Morante and Desplan, 2004; Takemura et al., 2008). R7 and R8 neurons terminate in M6 a ...
... M10) with R7, R8, and the monopolar L1–L5 neurons of the lamina specifically terminating in one or a few of the distal (relative to brain) M1–M6 strata (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Meinertzhagen and Sorra, 2001; Morante and Desplan, 2004; Takemura et al., 2008). R7 and R8 neurons terminate in M6 a ...
thalamus
... Afferents: Visual from the optic tract Projects to primary visual cortex in occipital cortex ( Area 17). ...
... Afferents: Visual from the optic tract Projects to primary visual cortex in occipital cortex ( Area 17). ...
G - Computer Science - University of Memphis
... high frequency rate in the habituated target neuron. The term "activation" will be used in the following explanation to denote a neuron or neuronal group having a high firing frequency. ...
... high frequency rate in the habituated target neuron. The term "activation" will be used in the following explanation to denote a neuron or neuronal group having a high firing frequency. ...
J. Comp. Physiol. A
... GABA (c-aminobutyric acid; Robbins et al. 1958), glutamate (e.g. Raymond et al. 2000) – and most likely glycine. At the same time this neuron of A. nigrovittata was turned from an element specifically tuned to the male song frequency into an unspecific broadband neuron. This poses the question, whethe ...
... GABA (c-aminobutyric acid; Robbins et al. 1958), glutamate (e.g. Raymond et al. 2000) – and most likely glycine. At the same time this neuron of A. nigrovittata was turned from an element specifically tuned to the male song frequency into an unspecific broadband neuron. This poses the question, whethe ...
Auditory Nerve Stochasticity Impedes Category Learning: the Role
... and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated using one excitatory cell as an example: E→I connection is shown in black, I→E connecti ...
... and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated using one excitatory cell as an example: E→I connection is shown in black, I→E connecti ...
Basal Ganglia, Tremor, Vim-DBS, and the Excitability of Spinal Motor
... motor neurons was enhanced in rigid Parkinsonian patients. It thus seemed reasonable to assume that the main underlying cause of rigidity is an excessive supraspinal drive to the spinal motor neurons, including an increase in motoneuron excitability. No evidence for contribution of these mechanisms ...
... motor neurons was enhanced in rigid Parkinsonian patients. It thus seemed reasonable to assume that the main underlying cause of rigidity is an excessive supraspinal drive to the spinal motor neurons, including an increase in motoneuron excitability. No evidence for contribution of these mechanisms ...
Evolution of Time-Coding Systems in Weakly Electric Fishes
... feedback signals of EODs are sensed by a fish’s own electrosensory system for electrolocation or that of other individuals for electrocommunication. The time precision of the electrosensory system is equivalent to that of EODs. The electric resistivity and capacity of electrolocation objects are sam ...
... feedback signals of EODs are sensed by a fish’s own electrosensory system for electrolocation or that of other individuals for electrocommunication. The time precision of the electrosensory system is equivalent to that of EODs. The electric resistivity and capacity of electrolocation objects are sam ...
Computation by Ensemble Synchronization in Recurrent Networks
... information relevant to the computation in question. However, there are a growing number of observations, which indicate that information can in fact be represented in the temporal domain (Murphy et al., 1985; ...
... information relevant to the computation in question. However, there are a growing number of observations, which indicate that information can in fact be represented in the temporal domain (Murphy et al., 1985; ...
Poster Session Abstract Booklet - The New York Academy of Sciences
... Bioelectronic medicine has established that electrical stimulation of the nervous system offers exciting new opportunities for an incredible array of therapies. The development of optogenetics introduced the possibility of targeting specific types of neurons with phenomenal potential for therapeutic ...
... Bioelectronic medicine has established that electrical stimulation of the nervous system offers exciting new opportunities for an incredible array of therapies. The development of optogenetics introduced the possibility of targeting specific types of neurons with phenomenal potential for therapeutic ...
Reduction of the number of new cells reaching olfactory bulbs
... (Doetsch et al. 1999, Tramontin et al. 2003). It is postulated that this turnover allows for increased plasticity of the olfactory system and its easier adaptation to changes in composition of olfactory stimuli (Nissant et al. 2009). In mammals only two brain structures (OB and the hippocampal denta ...
... (Doetsch et al. 1999, Tramontin et al. 2003). It is postulated that this turnover allows for increased plasticity of the olfactory system and its easier adaptation to changes in composition of olfactory stimuli (Nissant et al. 2009). In mammals only two brain structures (OB and the hippocampal denta ...
Document
... old to miner select hid one a message box from of another. Gold. We Although do several this hundred by people focusing have our looked attention for on it, certain they cues have such not as found type it style. ...
... old to miner select hid one a message box from of another. Gold. We Although do several this hundred by people focusing have our looked attention for on it, certain they cues have such not as found type it style. ...
Nerve Tissue
... – nerve signal approaching the synapse, opens the voltage-regulated calcium gates in synaptic knob – Ca2+ enters the knob – triggers exocytosis of synaptic vesicles releasing ACh – empty vesicles drop back into the cytoplasm to be refilled with ACh – reserve pool of synaptic vesicles move to the act ...
... – nerve signal approaching the synapse, opens the voltage-regulated calcium gates in synaptic knob – Ca2+ enters the knob – triggers exocytosis of synaptic vesicles releasing ACh – empty vesicles drop back into the cytoplasm to be refilled with ACh – reserve pool of synaptic vesicles move to the act ...
Directionally Selective Complex Cells and the Computation of
... (1) is a general result for DS members of either simple or complex cortical cell families (Emerson & Gerstein, where n takes values of either 6 or 9, k was 1.5, and β 1977b; Emerson & Coleman, 1981). was 0.4. Responses were sampled in 16 periodic increments in time, t, beginning with the time of sti ...
... (1) is a general result for DS members of either simple or complex cortical cell families (Emerson & Gerstein, where n takes values of either 6 or 9, k was 1.5, and β 1977b; Emerson & Coleman, 1981). was 0.4. Responses were sampled in 16 periodic increments in time, t, beginning with the time of sti ...
Regulation of Neuroblast Cell-Cycle Kinetics Plays a Crucial Role in
... f used grains (Dörmer, 1967; Rogers, 1967; Dörmer and Brinkmann, 1968; Dörmer and Möller, 1968; Sidman, 1970). This is illustrated for individual neurons in different layers of parietal area 3 after injection on E14.5 (Fig. 1). The background level has been estimated by calculating the density o ...
... f used grains (Dörmer, 1967; Rogers, 1967; Dörmer and Brinkmann, 1968; Dörmer and Möller, 1968; Sidman, 1970). This is illustrated for individual neurons in different layers of parietal area 3 after injection on E14.5 (Fig. 1). The background level has been estimated by calculating the density o ...
Nervous Systems
... with prokaryotes that could detect changes in their environment and respond in ways that enhanced their survival and reproductive success. For example, bacteria keep moving in a particular direction as long as they encounter increasing concentrations of a food source. Later in evolution, modification ...
... with prokaryotes that could detect changes in their environment and respond in ways that enhanced their survival and reproductive success. For example, bacteria keep moving in a particular direction as long as they encounter increasing concentrations of a food source. Later in evolution, modification ...
Neuroscience and Behavior
... impulse along the length of a neuron is what is meant by “firing.” Think of a neuron as a tiny biological battery. Ions, electrically charged chemical molecules, are located in and around nerve cells. Some of the ions have a positive charge; others have a negative charge. The ions involved in firing ...
... impulse along the length of a neuron is what is meant by “firing.” Think of a neuron as a tiny biological battery. Ions, electrically charged chemical molecules, are located in and around nerve cells. Some of the ions have a positive charge; others have a negative charge. The ions involved in firing ...
The Anterior Cingulate Cortex - John Allman
... monkeys to perform two tasks: pushing or turning a handle.23 They then differentially varied the reward given for performing each of these tasks. The monkeys responded to decreasing reward by switching their activity to the other motor task, that is, from pushing to turning or vice versa, thus optim ...
... monkeys to perform two tasks: pushing or turning a handle.23 They then differentially varied the reward given for performing each of these tasks. The monkeys responded to decreasing reward by switching their activity to the other motor task, that is, from pushing to turning or vice versa, thus optim ...
W7 Lecture
... Extensive neural networks between the major “motor areas” of the cerebral cortex permit fine control of movement, utilizing sensory and intentional signals to activate the appropriate motor neurons at an appropriate level of stimulation. ...
... Extensive neural networks between the major “motor areas” of the cerebral cortex permit fine control of movement, utilizing sensory and intentional signals to activate the appropriate motor neurons at an appropriate level of stimulation. ...
Neuronal pathways for the propagation of herpes simplex virus type
... Infected cells in the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers were no longer separated (Fig. 3 A). Some staining consistent with infection of Mu$ ller cells was also detectable. Infected photoreceptor cells were numerous in three out of six mice. At 5 days p.i., the retinitis covered almost the entir ...
... Infected cells in the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers were no longer separated (Fig. 3 A). Some staining consistent with infection of Mu$ ller cells was also detectable. Infected photoreceptor cells were numerous in three out of six mice. At 5 days p.i., the retinitis covered almost the entir ...
PDF
... relatively constant level (Röhlich et al., 1994; Lyubarsky et al., 1999; Applebury et al., 2000). Consistent with the expression pattern of opsins, retinal ganglion cells exhibit biased color responses depending on their retinal locations (Ekesten et al., 2000; Ekesten and Gouras, 2005; Wang et al., ...
... relatively constant level (Röhlich et al., 1994; Lyubarsky et al., 1999; Applebury et al., 2000). Consistent with the expression pattern of opsins, retinal ganglion cells exhibit biased color responses depending on their retinal locations (Ekesten et al., 2000; Ekesten and Gouras, 2005; Wang et al., ...
![[j26]Chapter 9#](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009372212_1-45723eed01d76cad9811e1514890dc2a-300x300.png)
[j26]Chapter 9#
... norepinephrine, epinephrine, and related neurotransmitter substances; and those that are cholinergic, receiving acetylcholine (ACh). Interestingly, because the receptor types can vary from neuron to neuron, the same neurotransmitter may cause the response of one neuron to differ from that of another ...
... norepinephrine, epinephrine, and related neurotransmitter substances; and those that are cholinergic, receiving acetylcholine (ACh). Interestingly, because the receptor types can vary from neuron to neuron, the same neurotransmitter may cause the response of one neuron to differ from that of another ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... stereotyped sensory stimuli with simple motor responses. Their simple deterministic nature suggested to Descartes that, for these behaviors, the sensory to motor connection lay within the material body, which made those connections amenable to physiological study. For the second class, behaviors in ...
... stereotyped sensory stimuli with simple motor responses. Their simple deterministic nature suggested to Descartes that, for these behaviors, the sensory to motor connection lay within the material body, which made those connections amenable to physiological study. For the second class, behaviors in ...
Motion Sensitivity
... Although objects in the world move continuously across our visual field, continuous real motion is not required for the perception of motion. When two stimuli appear with the correct separation in time and space, our brains link them together into “Apparent Motion” and we see them as a single moving ...
... Although objects in the world move continuously across our visual field, continuous real motion is not required for the perception of motion. When two stimuli appear with the correct separation in time and space, our brains link them together into “Apparent Motion” and we see them as a single moving ...