Minireview Embarrassed, but Not Depressed: Eye Opening Lessons
... inhibit the production of an incorrect movement and lead to an improvement in performance. The attractiveness of the cerebellar learning theory led to decades of experiments focused on determining whether or not LTD could be the neural mechanism of cerebellar motor learning—as if everyone had accept ...
... inhibit the production of an incorrect movement and lead to an improvement in performance. The attractiveness of the cerebellar learning theory led to decades of experiments focused on determining whether or not LTD could be the neural mechanism of cerebellar motor learning—as if everyone had accept ...
Pacifier Use May Decrease the Risk of SIDS Abstract Introduction
... contract, and the teeth touch, which activates the Me5 and causes it to release glutamate onto ARAS nuclei, the PAG and parasympathetic nuclei. The net result is attenuation of the inhibitory effects of GABA. Under these conditions, certain nerve cells die and activate glial cells that release IL1 b ...
... contract, and the teeth touch, which activates the Me5 and causes it to release glutamate onto ARAS nuclei, the PAG and parasympathetic nuclei. The net result is attenuation of the inhibitory effects of GABA. Under these conditions, certain nerve cells die and activate glial cells that release IL1 b ...
Monitoring cell-cell contacts in vivo in transgenic animals
... CD19mch ligand into specific glial types we used the lexA/lexAop bipartite expression system (del Valle Rodriguez et al., 2011; Venken et al., 2011), which allows for modular gene expression. We placed the CD19mch ligand under LexAop-dependent control and used two different LexA drivers, alrm-LexA:: ...
... CD19mch ligand into specific glial types we used the lexA/lexAop bipartite expression system (del Valle Rodriguez et al., 2011; Venken et al., 2011), which allows for modular gene expression. We placed the CD19mch ligand under LexAop-dependent control and used two different LexA drivers, alrm-LexA:: ...
Vision in Drosophila - University of Queensland
... in relation to changes in its genes. Thus, a common thread could be drawn between genes, brain anatomy, and behavior—by studying mutants, for example, in which all was held constant except for a mutation in one gene. To adequately dissect vision, the natural world in all its complexity was often put ...
... in relation to changes in its genes. Thus, a common thread could be drawn between genes, brain anatomy, and behavior—by studying mutants, for example, in which all was held constant except for a mutation in one gene. To adequately dissect vision, the natural world in all its complexity was often put ...
BIOL241brain12aAUG2012
... cortex stops here first except smell • Filters ascending sensory information for primary sensory cortex • Relays information between basal nuclei and cerebral cortex • Mediates sensation, some motor activities, cortical arousal (thus learning, and ...
... cortex stops here first except smell • Filters ascending sensory information for primary sensory cortex • Relays information between basal nuclei and cerebral cortex • Mediates sensation, some motor activities, cortical arousal (thus learning, and ...
BIOL241brain12aAUG2012
... cortex stops here first except smell • Filters ascending sensory information for primary sensory cortex • Relays information between basal nuclei and cerebral cortex • Mediates sensation, some motor activities, cortical arousal (thus learning, and ...
... cortex stops here first except smell • Filters ascending sensory information for primary sensory cortex • Relays information between basal nuclei and cerebral cortex • Mediates sensation, some motor activities, cortical arousal (thus learning, and ...
Are mesopontine cholinergic neurons either necessary or sufficient
... relay neurons either directly or indirectly.16 Similar effects can even be seen by stimulation of a metabotropic glutamatergic cortico-thalamic pathway,17 and there may be other afferent systems not yet described which play similar roles. What appears to be unique about the mesopontine cholinergic n ...
... relay neurons either directly or indirectly.16 Similar effects can even be seen by stimulation of a metabotropic glutamatergic cortico-thalamic pathway,17 and there may be other afferent systems not yet described which play similar roles. What appears to be unique about the mesopontine cholinergic n ...
a Tool for Relating Neuronal Form to Function
... artificial neural nets that are constructed of processing elements with greater similarity to biological neurons than those which are used in contemporary designs. Spatiotemporal extent is perhaps the most obvious difference between real neurons and processing elements. The processing element of mos ...
... artificial neural nets that are constructed of processing elements with greater similarity to biological neurons than those which are used in contemporary designs. Spatiotemporal extent is perhaps the most obvious difference between real neurons and processing elements. The processing element of mos ...
post-peer-review-non-publishers
... processing is also supported by extensive anatomical data. Hence, retinal projections to conventional visual targets in the thalamus/tectum arise primary via the contralateral hemisphere, with ipsilateral projections coming exclusively from regions of the retina corresponding to the zone of binocula ...
... processing is also supported by extensive anatomical data. Hence, retinal projections to conventional visual targets in the thalamus/tectum arise primary via the contralateral hemisphere, with ipsilateral projections coming exclusively from regions of the retina corresponding to the zone of binocula ...
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... should clarify the term usage in each context. In the two senses of reservoir of UPOs and reservoir of responses, the flexibility of chaos is stressed out. Note that the major theme of the present paper is the reservoir of UPOs itself. This constitutes an important module of a system demonstrating co ...
... should clarify the term usage in each context. In the two senses of reservoir of UPOs and reservoir of responses, the flexibility of chaos is stressed out. Note that the major theme of the present paper is the reservoir of UPOs itself. This constitutes an important module of a system demonstrating co ...
Sensory Receptors I Sensory Receptors II What`s Your Perception?
... Receptor A has a circular receptive field with a diameter of 2.5 cm. Receptor B has a circular receptive field of 7.0 cm in diameter. Which receptor allows you to more precisely localize a stimulus? ...
... Receptor A has a circular receptive field with a diameter of 2.5 cm. Receptor B has a circular receptive field of 7.0 cm in diameter. Which receptor allows you to more precisely localize a stimulus? ...
The Central Nervous System
... Surrounds the primary visual cortex Interprets visual stimuli (e.g., color, form, and movement) ...
... Surrounds the primary visual cortex Interprets visual stimuli (e.g., color, form, and movement) ...
Eagleman Ch 7. The Motor System
... The Prefrontal Cortex: Goals to Strategies to Tactics to Actions The Functional Organization of the Prefrontal Cortex in Motor Control Sensory Feedback Mirror Neurons in Premotor Cortex Control Stages of the Motor Hierarchy ...
... The Prefrontal Cortex: Goals to Strategies to Tactics to Actions The Functional Organization of the Prefrontal Cortex in Motor Control Sensory Feedback Mirror Neurons in Premotor Cortex Control Stages of the Motor Hierarchy ...
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body
... ABSTRACT: The central complex is an important center for higher-order brain function in insects. It is an intricate neuropil composed of four substructures. Each substructure contains repeated neuronal elements which are connected by processes such that topography is maintained. Although the neurona ...
... ABSTRACT: The central complex is an important center for higher-order brain function in insects. It is an intricate neuropil composed of four substructures. Each substructure contains repeated neuronal elements which are connected by processes such that topography is maintained. Although the neurona ...
The Endogenously Active Brain: The Need for an
... single- and multi-cell recording to determine what features of visual stimuli were correlated with specific neuronal activity. The activity of these neurons was then viewed as representing the correlated features of the visual stimulus, and researchers hypothesized operations through which these rep ...
... single- and multi-cell recording to determine what features of visual stimuli were correlated with specific neuronal activity. The activity of these neurons was then viewed as representing the correlated features of the visual stimulus, and researchers hypothesized operations through which these rep ...
A Feedback Model of Visual Attention
... The Reynolds and Desimone model, in common with others (e.g., Olshausen et al., 1993), uses top-down signals to multiplicatively modulate the synaptic strengths of inter-regional connections so that attended information can be selectively routed to higher cortical regions. Equivalent results can be ...
... The Reynolds and Desimone model, in common with others (e.g., Olshausen et al., 1993), uses top-down signals to multiplicatively modulate the synaptic strengths of inter-regional connections so that attended information can be selectively routed to higher cortical regions. Equivalent results can be ...
Sequential Development of Electrical and Chemical Synaptic
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
Learning and Memory, Part I: Brain Regions Involved in Two Types
... cortex, and tastes are consolidated in the insular cortex. Although the hippocampus is required for the consolidation of these declarative memories, it is thought that they are broken down into separate sensory components before their long-term storage in relevant cortical areas. Second, why were on ...
... cortex, and tastes are consolidated in the insular cortex. Although the hippocampus is required for the consolidation of these declarative memories, it is thought that they are broken down into separate sensory components before their long-term storage in relevant cortical areas. Second, why were on ...
Neurons - University of San Diego Home Pages
... action and movement, and some aspects of speech. Parietal lobe: movement, orientation, recognition and perception of stimuli. Occipital lobe: visual processing Temporal lobe: perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory and speech. ...
... action and movement, and some aspects of speech. Parietal lobe: movement, orientation, recognition and perception of stimuli. Occipital lobe: visual processing Temporal lobe: perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory and speech. ...
MN20, a D2 Cyclin, Is Transiently Expressed in Selected Neural
... of the emerging cortical plate. This suggests that MN20 is more transiently expressed than NOS in these cells, because it does not persist as cells are displaced to a deeper position in the cortical plate by newly arriving neurons. A majority of cells in the E14.5 cortex that express high levels of ...
... of the emerging cortical plate. This suggests that MN20 is more transiently expressed than NOS in these cells, because it does not persist as cells are displaced to a deeper position in the cortical plate by newly arriving neurons. A majority of cells in the E14.5 cortex that express high levels of ...
Functional imaging of human auditory cortex
... Yellow zones were sensitive to both increased intensity and attention. Adapted from [25]. (e) Speech-sensitive regions of auditory cortex identified by contrasting activations to spoken syllables with activations to speech-spectrum noise bursts matched to syllables in frequency, intensity and durat ...
... Yellow zones were sensitive to both increased intensity and attention. Adapted from [25]. (e) Speech-sensitive regions of auditory cortex identified by contrasting activations to spoken syllables with activations to speech-spectrum noise bursts matched to syllables in frequency, intensity and durat ...
Inconvenient Truths about neural processing in primary motor cortex
... In the mid 1980s, the conceptual framework of servo‐control came to an abrupt end. The reason for this were studies on multi‐joint motor tasks. Behavioral level: Hand motion was found to be relatively simple with • straight hand trajectories and • bell‐shaped velocity profiles Mechanical level: Mov ...
... In the mid 1980s, the conceptual framework of servo‐control came to an abrupt end. The reason for this were studies on multi‐joint motor tasks. Behavioral level: Hand motion was found to be relatively simple with • straight hand trajectories and • bell‐shaped velocity profiles Mechanical level: Mov ...
Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... reached by birds and mammals. These observations trigger the general question of how a small insect auditory system could possibly be organized to process acoustic signals reliably and with high temporal precision. Important clues will come from understanding the auditory periphery. Do receptor neur ...
... reached by birds and mammals. These observations trigger the general question of how a small insect auditory system could possibly be organized to process acoustic signals reliably and with high temporal precision. Important clues will come from understanding the auditory periphery. Do receptor neur ...