The Brain: How does it work?
... Each cell is tuned to a particular sound (or frequency). Of the As these little hair cells move in the fluid, Ear! they carry a message to the nerve that is connected to your brain, which turns this http://kidshealth.org/misc_pages/bodyworks/ear.html signal into what you hear. Resource: http://w ...
... Each cell is tuned to a particular sound (or frequency). Of the As these little hair cells move in the fluid, Ear! they carry a message to the nerve that is connected to your brain, which turns this http://kidshealth.org/misc_pages/bodyworks/ear.html signal into what you hear. Resource: http://w ...
Analysis of Local and Wide-Field Movements in the Superior
... paper concentrates on directionally selective cells responding to straight movements in the frontoparallel plane. To study the response properties of these cells, two types of white light patterns were independently backprojected on the screen from two projectors, each ofwhich was equipped with a mo ...
... paper concentrates on directionally selective cells responding to straight movements in the frontoparallel plane. To study the response properties of these cells, two types of white light patterns were independently backprojected on the screen from two projectors, each ofwhich was equipped with a mo ...
THE EMOTIOGENIC BRAIN STRUCTURES IN CONDITIONING
... a model of the passive avoidance conditioned response. As a result, we identified those lesions of brain structures which disturb the elaboration of this response. It has been reported that the amygdaloid complex (AM) (11, 14) and the ventrolateral region of the midbrain central gray matter (CG) (7) ...
... a model of the passive avoidance conditioned response. As a result, we identified those lesions of brain structures which disturb the elaboration of this response. It has been reported that the amygdaloid complex (AM) (11, 14) and the ventrolateral region of the midbrain central gray matter (CG) (7) ...
Circuits in Psychopharmacology
... -l"!"euLQtransmitter pathways form the molecular and anatomical substrates that "tune" neurons with~rcuits. This happens not only at the cortical level but at the level of all the nodes within the network of the various cortical circuits. Psychopharmacologists can rationally target these pathways an ...
... -l"!"euLQtransmitter pathways form the molecular and anatomical substrates that "tune" neurons with~rcuits. This happens not only at the cortical level but at the level of all the nodes within the network of the various cortical circuits. Psychopharmacologists can rationally target these pathways an ...
Emotional and Behavioral Correlates of Mediodorsal Thalamic
... which includes the amygdala, medial MD, and orbital cortex. The other, implicated in motor function, is the dorsal anterior cingulate circuit (Groenewegen, 1988), which includes the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsomedial striatum, medial portion of the globus pallidus, and lateral MD. Neurophysiolog ...
... which includes the amygdala, medial MD, and orbital cortex. The other, implicated in motor function, is the dorsal anterior cingulate circuit (Groenewegen, 1988), which includes the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsomedial striatum, medial portion of the globus pallidus, and lateral MD. Neurophysiolog ...
Distribution of neurons in functional areas of the mouse cerebral
... used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarchitectonic, connectivity, and functional data (Franklin and Paxinos, 2007). The availability of these cortical subdivision maps, together with the small brain size, makes the mouse cerebral cortex ...
... used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarchitectonic, connectivity, and functional data (Franklin and Paxinos, 2007). The availability of these cortical subdivision maps, together with the small brain size, makes the mouse cerebral cortex ...
Chapter 54: The Nervous System
... Neurons communicate through changes in electrical properties of the plasma membrane that travel from one cell to another. The architecture of the neuron aids the spread of these electrical signals called nerve impulses. To understand how these signals are generated and transmitted within the nervous ...
... Neurons communicate through changes in electrical properties of the plasma membrane that travel from one cell to another. The architecture of the neuron aids the spread of these electrical signals called nerve impulses. To understand how these signals are generated and transmitted within the nervous ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... properties of the neurons in these regions or about the precise contribution each region makes to scene perception and navigation. As in object-selective cortex, understanding the position specificity of neurons in scene-selective regions could help elucidate their functions. For example, if these r ...
... properties of the neurons in these regions or about the precise contribution each region makes to scene perception and navigation. As in object-selective cortex, understanding the position specificity of neurons in scene-selective regions could help elucidate their functions. For example, if these r ...
Neurons in the mouse deep superior colliculus encode
... this allowed us to fix the mouse’s head to the recording rig. Mice were trained to behave freely on a spherical floating ball treadmill (Dombeck et al., 2007; Niell and Stryker, 2010) for at least 4 training sessions (30 min per training session, each session on a different day). On the day of the r ...
... this allowed us to fix the mouse’s head to the recording rig. Mice were trained to behave freely on a spherical floating ball treadmill (Dombeck et al., 2007; Niell and Stryker, 2010) for at least 4 training sessions (30 min per training session, each session on a different day). On the day of the r ...
Otxl and Otx2 Define Layers and Regions in Developing Cerebral
... systems have revealed that the cerebellum is derived from two regions of the neural tube: the caudal mesencephalon, which forms the mediodorsal cerebellum, and the rostra1 metencephalon, which generates more posterior and lateral structures ...
... systems have revealed that the cerebellum is derived from two regions of the neural tube: the caudal mesencephalon, which forms the mediodorsal cerebellum, and the rostra1 metencephalon, which generates more posterior and lateral structures ...
multispectral labeling technique to map many neighboring axonal
... both red- and green-labeled vesicles in their somata (Fig. 1b). 95.4% of the vesicles (372/390) had red or green fluorescence that was unmixed (either purely red or purely green), which is consistent with the idea that the dyes do not mix by fusion of vesicles during either transport or processing i ...
... both red- and green-labeled vesicles in their somata (Fig. 1b). 95.4% of the vesicles (372/390) had red or green fluorescence that was unmixed (either purely red or purely green), which is consistent with the idea that the dyes do not mix by fusion of vesicles during either transport or processing i ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... cytoarchitecture of the thalamus, rendering thalamic nuclei no longer recognizable. In addition, a number of factors independent of the character of the lesion have been shown to influence the severity of the effects of retrograde cell degeneration. For instance, several studies report more severe d ...
... cytoarchitecture of the thalamus, rendering thalamic nuclei no longer recognizable. In addition, a number of factors independent of the character of the lesion have been shown to influence the severity of the effects of retrograde cell degeneration. For instance, several studies report more severe d ...
49-Nervous System - Northwest ISD Moodle
... with prokaryotes that could detect changes in their environment and respond in ways that enhanced their survival and reproductive success. For example, bacteria keep moving in a particular direction as long as they encounter increasing concentrations of a food source. Later in evolution, modificatio ...
... with prokaryotes that could detect changes in their environment and respond in ways that enhanced their survival and reproductive success. For example, bacteria keep moving in a particular direction as long as they encounter increasing concentrations of a food source. Later in evolution, modificatio ...
The functional role of GABA and glycine in monaural and binaural
... neuronal responses (Faingold et al. 1989, 1991). Microiontophoretic application of the GABA-antagonist bicuculline showed that phasic on-responses of single units were changed to tonic by blocking the inhibition caused by intrinsic GABA. Additionally, bicuculline influenced rate-level functions and ...
... neuronal responses (Faingold et al. 1989, 1991). Microiontophoretic application of the GABA-antagonist bicuculline showed that phasic on-responses of single units were changed to tonic by blocking the inhibition caused by intrinsic GABA. Additionally, bicuculline influenced rate-level functions and ...
mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
Lecture 2: Structure and function of the NS
... ageand11 years. At all ages, male brains have a greater average weight than fem alleged brain of the author. as indicated in B, adult female brainsthe actually account for a greater percentage of body weight than do adult male brains. Brain g Although the rhino’s body weight about 30 times greater, ...
... ageand11 years. At all ages, male brains have a greater average weight than fem alleged brain of the author. as indicated in B, adult female brainsthe actually account for a greater percentage of body weight than do adult male brains. Brain g Although the rhino’s body weight about 30 times greater, ...
The Nervous System
... Today’s objectives… Identify and discuss the two main parts of the nervous system. Explain how the nervous system functions as the central control system of the body. Identify factors that may lead to disorders of the nervous system. ...
... Today’s objectives… Identify and discuss the two main parts of the nervous system. Explain how the nervous system functions as the central control system of the body. Identify factors that may lead to disorders of the nervous system. ...
Thermosensory processing in the Drosophila brain
... Fig. 3). Moreover, slow and fast cooling elicited similar peak firing rates (Fig. 1e, f). We term these ‘slow-cool-PNs’. Slow-cool-PNs project to the mushroom body, a higher brain region involved in learning and memory16. Slow-cool-PNs were less sensitive than fast-cool-PNs to small cooling steps (F ...
... Fig. 3). Moreover, slow and fast cooling elicited similar peak firing rates (Fig. 1e, f). We term these ‘slow-cool-PNs’. Slow-cool-PNs project to the mushroom body, a higher brain region involved in learning and memory16. Slow-cool-PNs were less sensitive than fast-cool-PNs to small cooling steps (F ...
Neurotransmitters
... sleep. The next day, he dissected out of frogs two beating hearts: one with the vagus nerve which controls heart rate attached, the other heart on its own. Both hearts were bathed in a saline solution (i.e. Ringer's solution). By electrically stimulating the vagus nerve, Loewi made the first heart b ...
... sleep. The next day, he dissected out of frogs two beating hearts: one with the vagus nerve which controls heart rate attached, the other heart on its own. Both hearts were bathed in a saline solution (i.e. Ringer's solution). By electrically stimulating the vagus nerve, Loewi made the first heart b ...
Generic Visual Perception Processor
... the cones and rods and cones of the eye, these local feedback loops detect contrast changes caused by objects moving through the scene For detecting smooth contours, rather than sharp contrast changes, the eye adds ocular movement. The eye typically sweeps a scene about two to three times a second ...
... the cones and rods and cones of the eye, these local feedback loops detect contrast changes caused by objects moving through the scene For detecting smooth contours, rather than sharp contrast changes, the eye adds ocular movement. The eye typically sweeps a scene about two to three times a second ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... The anatomy of ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive, recurrent feedback neurons in the mushroom body (MB) of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, was investigated by using intraneuropilar injections of cobalt ions and light microscopic techniques. Each MB contains approximately 110 GABA-immunoreactive ...
... The anatomy of ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive, recurrent feedback neurons in the mushroom body (MB) of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, was investigated by using intraneuropilar injections of cobalt ions and light microscopic techniques. Each MB contains approximately 110 GABA-immunoreactive ...
Ch08
... receives input from: – corollary discharge signal. – image displacement signal. • Movement is not perceived when comparator receives input from: – both corollary discharge and image displacement signals at the same time. ...
... receives input from: – corollary discharge signal. – image displacement signal. • Movement is not perceived when comparator receives input from: – both corollary discharge and image displacement signals at the same time. ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... We can see things in three dimensions because the visual system re-constructs the three-dimensional (3D) configurations of objects from their two-dimensional (2D) images projected onto the retinas. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychological background and recent physiologi ...
... We can see things in three dimensions because the visual system re-constructs the three-dimensional (3D) configurations of objects from their two-dimensional (2D) images projected onto the retinas. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychological background and recent physiologi ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... Shapiro, 2007, 2009). Different components of PFC function may be mediated by different PFC subregions (well reviewed in Robbins, 1996; Uylings et al., 2003; Kesner and Churchwell, 2011). Elucidating the precise cellular constituents and mechanism(s) underlying PFC function, and how it exerts top-do ...
... Shapiro, 2007, 2009). Different components of PFC function may be mediated by different PFC subregions (well reviewed in Robbins, 1996; Uylings et al., 2003; Kesner and Churchwell, 2011). Elucidating the precise cellular constituents and mechanism(s) underlying PFC function, and how it exerts top-do ...