Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... The most common tail response (class A, Fig. 2E) consists of broadly-tuned excitatory responses at and below an upper cutoff frequency (22 kHz in Fig. 2E). The upper frequency edge of the response is sharp at all levels with inhibition sometimes visible at higher frequencies. Auditory nerve fibers i ...
... The most common tail response (class A, Fig. 2E) consists of broadly-tuned excitatory responses at and below an upper cutoff frequency (22 kHz in Fig. 2E). The upper frequency edge of the response is sharp at all levels with inhibition sometimes visible at higher frequencies. Auditory nerve fibers i ...
Kandel and Schwartz, 4th Edition Principles of Neural Science Chap
... functional organization of the nervous system is governed by a relatively simple set of principles that make the many details of brain anatomy comprehensible. In this chapter we review the major anatomical components of the central nervous system and outline the organizational principles of the majo ...
... functional organization of the nervous system is governed by a relatively simple set of principles that make the many details of brain anatomy comprehensible. In this chapter we review the major anatomical components of the central nervous system and outline the organizational principles of the majo ...
13_ClickerQuestionsPRS
... a. The astrocytes are packed with neurofibrils that extend across the breadth of the cell, forming a structural network that supports the neurons of the brain and spinal cord. b. The microglia appear early in embryonic development through the division of endodermal stem cells. c. Ependymal cells are ...
... a. The astrocytes are packed with neurofibrils that extend across the breadth of the cell, forming a structural network that supports the neurons of the brain and spinal cord. b. The microglia appear early in embryonic development through the division of endodermal stem cells. c. Ependymal cells are ...
The Schizophrenic Brain: A Broken Hermeneutic
... brain, which is structurally and dynamically complex thus qualifies as a hermeneutic device. One of the characteristic features of a hermeneutic device is that its operation is determined by circular causality. Circular causality was analyzed to establish self-organized neural patterns related to in ...
... brain, which is structurally and dynamically complex thus qualifies as a hermeneutic device. One of the characteristic features of a hermeneutic device is that its operation is determined by circular causality. Circular causality was analyzed to establish self-organized neural patterns related to in ...
Motor neuron
... prepares body for fight or flight situations Parasympathetic – prepares body for resting and digesting activities • _______________ ...
... prepares body for fight or flight situations Parasympathetic – prepares body for resting and digesting activities • _______________ ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
Directional guidance of interneuron migration to the cerebral cortex
... bulb (Hu, 1999; Wu et al., 1999; Zhu et al., 1999), as well as in the radial migration of projection neurons into the developing striatum (Hamasaki et al., 2001). It seems unlikely, however, that the same mechanism of repulsion from the ventricular zone can account alone for such extremely divergent ...
... bulb (Hu, 1999; Wu et al., 1999; Zhu et al., 1999), as well as in the radial migration of projection neurons into the developing striatum (Hamasaki et al., 2001). It seems unlikely, however, that the same mechanism of repulsion from the ventricular zone can account alone for such extremely divergent ...
Intracellular and computational evidence for a
... frequency scaling exponent was computed from the power spectrum of the signals (Fig. 2B), yielding exponent values for different stimulus conditions. Remarkably, the exponents were very close between NI and SA conditions (Fig. 2C), but not for other stimulus conditions (not shown). This analysis sho ...
... frequency scaling exponent was computed from the power spectrum of the signals (Fig. 2B), yielding exponent values for different stimulus conditions. Remarkably, the exponents were very close between NI and SA conditions (Fig. 2C), but not for other stimulus conditions (not shown). This analysis sho ...
An Introduction to the Nervous System
... mechanism involved in synaptic activity. • 12-8 Describe the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and discuss their effects on postsynaptic membranes. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... mechanism involved in synaptic activity. • 12-8 Describe the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and discuss their effects on postsynaptic membranes. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
A4a - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... 4. Receptors are concentrated (due to specific binding proteins) in postsynaptic structures close to endings of neurons that secrete neurotransmitters specific for them. 5. Prolonged exposure to ligands causes most receptors to become unresponsive (DESENSITIZATION): a) homologous desensitization - l ...
... 4. Receptors are concentrated (due to specific binding proteins) in postsynaptic structures close to endings of neurons that secrete neurotransmitters specific for them. 5. Prolonged exposure to ligands causes most receptors to become unresponsive (DESENSITIZATION): a) homologous desensitization - l ...
neurotransmitters
... Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump, using ATP, restores the ...
... Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump, using ATP, restores the ...
The role of ventral premotor cortex in action execution and action
... The human ventral premotor cortex overlaps, at least in part, with Broca’s region in the dominant cerebral hemisphere, that is known to mediate the production of language and contributes to language comprehension. This region is constituted of Brodmann’s areas 44 and 45 in the inferior frontal gyrus ...
... The human ventral premotor cortex overlaps, at least in part, with Broca’s region in the dominant cerebral hemisphere, that is known to mediate the production of language and contributes to language comprehension. This region is constituted of Brodmann’s areas 44 and 45 in the inferior frontal gyrus ...
nerve
... neuron but consists of a thick layer mostly made up of lipids, present at regular intervals along the length of the axon. • Such fibers are called myelinated fibers. • The water-soluble ions carrying the current across the membrane cannot permeate this coat, it act as an insulator, just like the whi ...
... neuron but consists of a thick layer mostly made up of lipids, present at regular intervals along the length of the axon. • Such fibers are called myelinated fibers. • The water-soluble ions carrying the current across the membrane cannot permeate this coat, it act as an insulator, just like the whi ...
Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System LEARNING
... Intermediolateral cell column in gray matter of spinal cord ...
... Intermediolateral cell column in gray matter of spinal cord ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
Optical Control of Muscle Function by Transplantation of Stem Cell
... across the barrier between the central and peripheral nervous system to reach the appropriate muscles (6). It has previously been shown that motor neurons derived from ESCs can be engrafted into a peripheral nerve environment and successfully reinnervate denervated muscle (7). However, these engraft ...
... across the barrier between the central and peripheral nervous system to reach the appropriate muscles (6). It has previously been shown that motor neurons derived from ESCs can be engrafted into a peripheral nerve environment and successfully reinnervate denervated muscle (7). However, these engraft ...
Solutions of the BCM learning rule in a network of lateral interacting
... the interactions on the probabilities. We think that this results from using only positive values as inputs, so that negative interactions which tend to reduce cell activity have a more coherent effect than positive interactions. This is currently being further investigated (Castellani et al in prep ...
... the interactions on the probabilities. We think that this results from using only positive values as inputs, so that negative interactions which tend to reduce cell activity have a more coherent effect than positive interactions. This is currently being further investigated (Castellani et al in prep ...
LPN-C
... The SNS • consists of sensory neurons from the head, body wall, extremities, and motor neurons to skeletal muscle. • The motor responses are under conscious control and therefore the SNS is voluntary. • Certain peripheral nerves perform specialized functions and form the autonomic nervous system; t ...
... The SNS • consists of sensory neurons from the head, body wall, extremities, and motor neurons to skeletal muscle. • The motor responses are under conscious control and therefore the SNS is voluntary. • Certain peripheral nerves perform specialized functions and form the autonomic nervous system; t ...
Cortical Substrates of Perceptual Stability during Eye Movements
... response to smooth, slow retinal image slip, irrespective of its source being object movement in the world or, alternatively, a smooth eye movement across a stationary object. On the other hand, a significant number of neurons in posterior parietal area MST on the anterior bank of the STS seemed to ...
... response to smooth, slow retinal image slip, irrespective of its source being object movement in the world or, alternatively, a smooth eye movement across a stationary object. On the other hand, a significant number of neurons in posterior parietal area MST on the anterior bank of the STS seemed to ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... behaviour that included milk letdown. Both groups of dams had a similar number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cells in each site, although the number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive cells per microscopic ®eld was signi®cantly greater in the caudal ve ...
... behaviour that included milk letdown. Both groups of dams had a similar number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cells in each site, although the number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive cells per microscopic ®eld was signi®cantly greater in the caudal ve ...
Autonomic Nervous System I and II
... An axon may synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ganglion it first reaches or Sympathetic chains or An axon may continue, without synapsing, through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or An axon may pass through the sy ...
... An axon may synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ganglion it first reaches or Sympathetic chains or An axon may continue, without synapsing, through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or An axon may pass through the sy ...
morphometric parameters of the structures of the medulla oblongata
... teratoma are located in their typical places in the medulla oblongata and are presented by spherical undifferentiated nerve cells. The solitary nucleus and spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve have not clear contours. These nucleus are presented by spherical and spindle single neurons. The average ...
... teratoma are located in their typical places in the medulla oblongata and are presented by spherical undifferentiated nerve cells. The solitary nucleus and spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve have not clear contours. These nucleus are presented by spherical and spindle single neurons. The average ...
UNC-55, an Orphan Nuclear Hormone Receptor, Orchestrates
... backward locomotion exhibited by C. elegans is produced by two neural circuits; one dedicated to forward movement and the other dedicated to backward movement (Chalfie et al., 1985). These two circuits converge on the dorsal and ventral body wall muscles and two classes of inhibitory motor neurons: ...
... backward locomotion exhibited by C. elegans is produced by two neural circuits; one dedicated to forward movement and the other dedicated to backward movement (Chalfie et al., 1985). These two circuits converge on the dorsal and ventral body wall muscles and two classes of inhibitory motor neurons: ...
Nervous system and neurons
... transmission is limited and lacks detail. There are inaccuracies. Specialist terminology is either absent or inappropriately used. ...
... transmission is limited and lacks detail. There are inaccuracies. Specialist terminology is either absent or inappropriately used. ...
Chapter 4 monkey
... which mediate both attentional and decision-making processes if the task requires an eye movement response. The roles of area FEF and the principal sulcus (PS) in decision making have been investigated in a task in which randomly moving dots indicated to the monkey which of the two targets was to be ...
... which mediate both attentional and decision-making processes if the task requires an eye movement response. The roles of area FEF and the principal sulcus (PS) in decision making have been investigated in a task in which randomly moving dots indicated to the monkey which of the two targets was to be ...