The Relationship Between Synchronization Among Neuronal
... may constitute a form of temporal coding that underlies feature binding and perceptual synthesis. The relationship between synchronization among neuronal populations and the population ring rates addresses two important issues: the distinction between rate coding and synchronization coding models o ...
... may constitute a form of temporal coding that underlies feature binding and perceptual synthesis. The relationship between synchronization among neuronal populations and the population ring rates addresses two important issues: the distinction between rate coding and synchronization coding models o ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... awake rats, we describe an infrequent type of cell response in which stimulation of single hairs consistently blocks the ongoing discharge of neurons without prior excitation (I-only inhibition). Reconstruction of the recording sites indicates that I-only inhibition occurs most frequently when the r ...
... awake rats, we describe an infrequent type of cell response in which stimulation of single hairs consistently blocks the ongoing discharge of neurons without prior excitation (I-only inhibition). Reconstruction of the recording sites indicates that I-only inhibition occurs most frequently when the r ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... same environmental deprivation. It would certainly be of interest to catalog the effect of inactivity on all maps that exist within a single neuron and also to study the responses of these maps with respect to specific changes in that environment. In this context, selective alteration to the environ ...
... same environmental deprivation. It would certainly be of interest to catalog the effect of inactivity on all maps that exist within a single neuron and also to study the responses of these maps with respect to specific changes in that environment. In this context, selective alteration to the environ ...
Realistic synaptic inputs for model neural networks
... set e q d to the excitatory ne.The two -yes intersect at rates corresponding to a d e n t state, E = 0, an unstable intermediate state and a stable self-sustainedfiring state for whidt the firing rate is essentially the maximum srnglenevron rate. The firing rate for this state is unrealistically hig ...
... set e q d to the excitatory ne.The two -yes intersect at rates corresponding to a d e n t state, E = 0, an unstable intermediate state and a stable self-sustainedfiring state for whidt the firing rate is essentially the maximum srnglenevron rate. The firing rate for this state is unrealistically hig ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes postnatal maturation of GABAergic inhibition in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, and its expression and release are enhanced by neuronal activity, suggesting that it acts in a feedback manner to maintain a balance between excitation and inhibiti ...
... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes postnatal maturation of GABAergic inhibition in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, and its expression and release are enhanced by neuronal activity, suggesting that it acts in a feedback manner to maintain a balance between excitation and inhibiti ...
Artificial Neural Networks - University of Northampton
... divide the data into a training set and a test set Use the training set to adjust the weights until the error is acceptably low Test the network using the test set, and see how many it gets right ...
... divide the data into a training set and a test set Use the training set to adjust the weights until the error is acceptably low Test the network using the test set, and see how many it gets right ...
Temporal delays among place cells determine the frequency of
... line) is the compression factor (c = 0.075). Far Right: Histogram of firing field sizes (durations) L. Mean place field duration is 1.5 s. (B) Simultaneously recorded wheel cells during wheel running from the same session as in A; LFP peak power at 7.32 Hz and mean place cell oscillation frequency is 7 ...
... line) is the compression factor (c = 0.075). Far Right: Histogram of firing field sizes (durations) L. Mean place field duration is 1.5 s. (B) Simultaneously recorded wheel cells during wheel running from the same session as in A; LFP peak power at 7.32 Hz and mean place cell oscillation frequency is 7 ...
Title - HAL
... Neuronal dendrites display an astonishing diversity in shape. This part of the nerve cells is important for several reasons. Firstly, it strongly influences the information processing performed by the cell, though how this influence is exercised is still debated. Secondly, the shape of dendritic arb ...
... Neuronal dendrites display an astonishing diversity in shape. This part of the nerve cells is important for several reasons. Firstly, it strongly influences the information processing performed by the cell, though how this influence is exercised is still debated. Secondly, the shape of dendritic arb ...
BCM Theory
... example of this upswing is shown in Figure S2B, where an external input (arrow in the figure) triggers a spike. Typically, when an IO neuron is in a downswing phase of its potential, the external input does not trigger a spike. One example of this failure is shown in Figure S2C (arrow). This behavio ...
... example of this upswing is shown in Figure S2B, where an external input (arrow in the figure) triggers a spike. Typically, when an IO neuron is in a downswing phase of its potential, the external input does not trigger a spike. One example of this failure is shown in Figure S2C (arrow). This behavio ...
BDNF-modulated Spatial Organization of Cajal
... development of CR cells is preserved, exhibiting normal morphology and distribution at E14 and earlier stages. Subsequently, at E16, CR cells began to reorganize in the MZ, leaving empty areas, forming cell clusters, and sending their axons abnormally deep into the cortical wall (Fig. 1A--F). As wit ...
... development of CR cells is preserved, exhibiting normal morphology and distribution at E14 and earlier stages. Subsequently, at E16, CR cells began to reorganize in the MZ, leaving empty areas, forming cell clusters, and sending their axons abnormally deep into the cortical wall (Fig. 1A--F). As wit ...
lmmunohistochemical Localization
... of the receptor also differed among the hippocampal fields. Very little reaction product was observed on pyramidal neurons in the CA3 field, but labeling of pyramidal neurons appeared to increase progressively throughout CA2, CAl, and the subiculum. Nonpyramidal neurons were prominently labeled in a ...
... of the receptor also differed among the hippocampal fields. Very little reaction product was observed on pyramidal neurons in the CA3 field, but labeling of pyramidal neurons appeared to increase progressively throughout CA2, CAl, and the subiculum. Nonpyramidal neurons were prominently labeled in a ...
Glycine Immunoreactivity of Multipolar Neurons in the Ventral
... units referred to as onset-choppers (Rhode and Smith, 1986). Onset-chopper units are broadly tuned (Rhode and Smith, 1986; Winter and Palmer, 1995; Jiang et al., 1996; Palmer et al., 1996) and they appear to send a collateral axon to the DCN (Smith and Rhode, 1989). They have a multipolar/stellate c ...
... units referred to as onset-choppers (Rhode and Smith, 1986). Onset-chopper units are broadly tuned (Rhode and Smith, 1986; Winter and Palmer, 1995; Jiang et al., 1996; Palmer et al., 1996) and they appear to send a collateral axon to the DCN (Smith and Rhode, 1989). They have a multipolar/stellate c ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... Twelve animals were rejected for further study because tracer spread beyond the boundaries in one of the two target sites. Only animals (n=6) with satisfactory dual tracer injection within the borders of VTA and MnR or DR were used for further analysis and quantification. All light microscopic image ...
... Twelve animals were rejected for further study because tracer spread beyond the boundaries in one of the two target sites. Only animals (n=6) with satisfactory dual tracer injection within the borders of VTA and MnR or DR were used for further analysis and quantification. All light microscopic image ...
Forecasting & Demand Planner Module 4 – Basic Concepts
... • The cell that perform information processing in the brain • Fundamental functional unit of all nervous system tissue ...
... • The cell that perform information processing in the brain • Fundamental functional unit of all nervous system tissue ...
Control of dopaminergic neuron survival by the unfolded protein
... DJ-1/PARK7, LRRK2/PARK8, ATP13A2/PARK9, and PaelR (7). Significance The selective loss of dopaminergic neurons is characteristic of Parkinson disease (PD). Protein folding stress is a salient feature of PD. This study uncovers a previously undefined function of a major unfolded protein response (UPR ...
... DJ-1/PARK7, LRRK2/PARK8, ATP13A2/PARK9, and PaelR (7). Significance The selective loss of dopaminergic neurons is characteristic of Parkinson disease (PD). Protein folding stress is a salient feature of PD. This study uncovers a previously undefined function of a major unfolded protein response (UPR ...
Reduced Levels of Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Chick
... antibody; and Dr. Richard Vallee (Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology) for providing the MAP lB-2 and MAP 2 monoclonal antibodies. Grant support was provided by the National Institutes of Health (NS 2 1725) and the Pfeiffer Foundation. ...
... antibody; and Dr. Richard Vallee (Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology) for providing the MAP lB-2 and MAP 2 monoclonal antibodies. Grant support was provided by the National Institutes of Health (NS 2 1725) and the Pfeiffer Foundation. ...
Brain stem excitatory and inhibitory signaling pathways regulating
... neurons (AVPNs) and 2) regulation of AVPN responses to excitatory inputs by central GABAergic inhibitory pathways. In addition, the autocrine-paracrine modulation of AVPNs is briefly discussed. CNS influences on the tracheobronchopulmonary system are transmitted via AVPNs, whose discharge depends on ...
... neurons (AVPNs) and 2) regulation of AVPN responses to excitatory inputs by central GABAergic inhibitory pathways. In addition, the autocrine-paracrine modulation of AVPNs is briefly discussed. CNS influences on the tracheobronchopulmonary system are transmitted via AVPNs, whose discharge depends on ...
James Robertson
... How does prolonged waking influence Orx neurons? GABA Primary (and most abundant) inhibitory neurotransmitter Sleep-active GABA Neurons from around the hypothalamus innervate Orx neurons ...
... How does prolonged waking influence Orx neurons? GABA Primary (and most abundant) inhibitory neurotransmitter Sleep-active GABA Neurons from around the hypothalamus innervate Orx neurons ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.