Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... cluster at similar locations within the cortical surface, however this organization does not appear ...
... cluster at similar locations within the cortical surface, however this organization does not appear ...
Central Topography of Cranial Motor Nuclei Controlled by
... Neuronal nuclei are prominent, evolutionarily conserved features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circui ...
... Neuronal nuclei are prominent, evolutionarily conserved features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circui ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... Distilled water at 23 °C was one member of the temperature series (T23), and with its viscosity of 1 cP was also one member (V1) of the viscosity series. For an additional comparison, the neuronal responses were tested to 20% blackcurrant juice (BJ; Ribena SmithKline Beecham), because with its compl ...
... Distilled water at 23 °C was one member of the temperature series (T23), and with its viscosity of 1 cP was also one member (V1) of the viscosity series. For an additional comparison, the neuronal responses were tested to 20% blackcurrant juice (BJ; Ribena SmithKline Beecham), because with its compl ...
Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage
... from, for example, the cortex (Magill et al. 2000). STN neurons, however, have intrinsic membrane properties that can produce more complex firing patterns. In a subset of STN neurons, the generation of a plateau potential, a long-lasting depolarizing potential, have been reported in several studies ...
... from, for example, the cortex (Magill et al. 2000). STN neurons, however, have intrinsic membrane properties that can produce more complex firing patterns. In a subset of STN neurons, the generation of a plateau potential, a long-lasting depolarizing potential, have been reported in several studies ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey wo ...
... that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey wo ...
Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex
... these distances are short but as development proceeds the distances that neurons must migrate becomes progressively longer, and in the case of the primate brain can reach distances up to 7 mm [1]. Studies of granule cell migration in the developing cerebellum have provided insights into some of the ...
... these distances are short but as development proceeds the distances that neurons must migrate becomes progressively longer, and in the case of the primate brain can reach distances up to 7 mm [1]. Studies of granule cell migration in the developing cerebellum have provided insights into some of the ...
embryonic development of the leech nervous system
... late stage 8 onward, we found that many stage 9(0/4) cell bodies in the dorsal halves of coalesced ganglia have not yet extended any processes. Some sets of neurons without processes are dye coupled. This was most regularly observed for the dorsal cells of the anterior ganglion ...
... late stage 8 onward, we found that many stage 9(0/4) cell bodies in the dorsal halves of coalesced ganglia have not yet extended any processes. Some sets of neurons without processes are dye coupled. This was most regularly observed for the dorsal cells of the anterior ganglion ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... any differential effects on innocuous (somatosensory and proprioceptive) versus nociceptive transmission relayed via spino-olivocerebellar pathways. Complementary functional anatomical studies also tested effects of the vlPAG on nociceptor-evoked responses of cerebellar output circuits as assessed b ...
... any differential effects on innocuous (somatosensory and proprioceptive) versus nociceptive transmission relayed via spino-olivocerebellar pathways. Complementary functional anatomical studies also tested effects of the vlPAG on nociceptor-evoked responses of cerebellar output circuits as assessed b ...
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
... the location of these pieces of sensory apparatus, in contrast to deep needling, neural signals originating from superficial needling may be transported through different sensory receptors to the central nervous system. The reason why such a relatively small number of motor neurons were labelled wit ...
... the location of these pieces of sensory apparatus, in contrast to deep needling, neural signals originating from superficial needling may be transported through different sensory receptors to the central nervous system. The reason why such a relatively small number of motor neurons were labelled wit ...
Efferent connections of the parabigeminal nucleus to the amygdala
... retrogradely transported to the cells of origin of the afferent pathways of the central Am nucleus in numerous regions (Usunoff et al., 2006), among those also the Pbg. The Pbg–Am connection is bilateral (Figs. 1c, d). On the ipsilateral side, the Pbg–Am neurons are concentrated in the central porti ...
... retrogradely transported to the cells of origin of the afferent pathways of the central Am nucleus in numerous regions (Usunoff et al., 2006), among those also the Pbg. The Pbg–Am connection is bilateral (Figs. 1c, d). On the ipsilateral side, the Pbg–Am neurons are concentrated in the central porti ...
Activity in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Reflects Multiple Steps of
... a maze to reach a goal. Figures 1A and 1C show the sequence and timing of events for each trial in our behavioral task. As the monkeys placed their wrists in neutral positions, a start display appeared, followed by a goal display. When the start display changed its color after delay periods, the mon ...
... a maze to reach a goal. Figures 1A and 1C show the sequence and timing of events for each trial in our behavioral task. As the monkeys placed their wrists in neutral positions, a start display appeared, followed by a goal display. When the start display changed its color after delay periods, the mon ...
Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... the growth conesof brain neuronsmust encounter a myriad of conditions as they navigate through the developing brain. One strategy to investigate pathfinding in the vertebrate brain is to analyze the brains of relatively simple vertebrates. This approach was taken in the early 20th century by investi ...
... the growth conesof brain neuronsmust encounter a myriad of conditions as they navigate through the developing brain. One strategy to investigate pathfinding in the vertebrate brain is to analyze the brains of relatively simple vertebrates. This approach was taken in the early 20th century by investi ...
PDF - Folia Biologica
... oxide synthase. Axons of GABAergic neurons target distinct domains of pyramidal neurons. Double-bouquet, Martinotti and neurogliaform cells (CB-IR, CR-IR) target distal dendrites of pyramidal neurons and probably regulate the vertical integration of synaptic input along the dendritic tree of pyramid ...
... oxide synthase. Axons of GABAergic neurons target distinct domains of pyramidal neurons. Double-bouquet, Martinotti and neurogliaform cells (CB-IR, CR-IR) target distal dendrites of pyramidal neurons and probably regulate the vertical integration of synaptic input along the dendritic tree of pyramid ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... large deviations in [Ca*+], and high potassium or cyanide induced increasesin [Ca*+], do not produce toxicity (Michaels and Rothman, 1990; Dubinsky and Rothman, 1991). Intracellular acidification hasbeen postulated to contribute to ischemicneuronal death (Tombaugh and Sapolsky, 1990; Nedergaardet al ...
... large deviations in [Ca*+], and high potassium or cyanide induced increasesin [Ca*+], do not produce toxicity (Michaels and Rothman, 1990; Dubinsky and Rothman, 1991). Intracellular acidification hasbeen postulated to contribute to ischemicneuronal death (Tombaugh and Sapolsky, 1990; Nedergaardet al ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... It has long been known that presynaptic activity that precedes postsynaptic firing or depolarization can induce LTP, whereas reversing this temporal order causes LTD11-13. Recent experimental results have expanded our knowledge of the effects of spike timing on LTP and LTD induction14-21. Although t ...
... It has long been known that presynaptic activity that precedes postsynaptic firing or depolarization can induce LTP, whereas reversing this temporal order causes LTD11-13. Recent experimental results have expanded our knowledge of the effects of spike timing on LTP and LTD induction14-21. Although t ...
Controlling the Elements: An Optogenetic Approach to
... the LA to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CE), directly and indirectly (possibly through the basal nucleus of the amygdala (62,63) (but see also Herry et al. [64]), the prelimbic cortex (for review, see Sotres-Bayon and Quirk [65]) and through the amygdala intercalated cells (see Pare et al. [6 ...
... the LA to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CE), directly and indirectly (possibly through the basal nucleus of the amygdala (62,63) (but see also Herry et al. [64]), the prelimbic cortex (for review, see Sotres-Bayon and Quirk [65]) and through the amygdala intercalated cells (see Pare et al. [6 ...
The Impact of Prior Experience With Cross-Modal
... Multisensory integration (MI) is the process by which information from multiple sensory modalities converge on single neurons. This process allows an organism to make better use of the large amount of sensory information it receives. When a rat orients toward a crossmodal light and sound stimulus, n ...
... Multisensory integration (MI) is the process by which information from multiple sensory modalities converge on single neurons. This process allows an organism to make better use of the large amount of sensory information it receives. When a rat orients toward a crossmodal light and sound stimulus, n ...
Noise in Neurons and Other Constraints
... fluctuations and provides an effective all-or- none response signal which is therefore thought to be noise free. How can we know what constitutes noise when recording signals from the brain? For instance, neuronal membrane potential shows small variations even at rest, even if synaptic inputs are ph ...
... fluctuations and provides an effective all-or- none response signal which is therefore thought to be noise free. How can we know what constitutes noise when recording signals from the brain? For instance, neuronal membrane potential shows small variations even at rest, even if synaptic inputs are ph ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... awake rats, we describe an infrequent type of cell response in which stimulation of single hairs consistently blocks the ongoing discharge of neurons without prior excitation (I-only inhibition). Reconstruction of the recording sites indicates that I-only inhibition occurs most frequently when the r ...
... awake rats, we describe an infrequent type of cell response in which stimulation of single hairs consistently blocks the ongoing discharge of neurons without prior excitation (I-only inhibition). Reconstruction of the recording sites indicates that I-only inhibition occurs most frequently when the r ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.