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What is Linguistic Redundancy?
What is Linguistic Redundancy?

... Although in this instance the tag “didn’t you,” its associated intonation pattern and the subjectpredicate inversion in the tag itself make the sentence interrogative. However, occasionally, you may hear: “You went to the theater, did ye.” In this case the tag is slightly less informative. Not only ...
Cornetto user documentation
Cornetto user documentation

... The Cornetto lexical resource for Dutch covers the most generic and central part of the language. Cornetto combines the structures of the Princeton Wordnet, some of the features from the FrameNet for English and the information on morphological, syntactic, semantic and combinatorial features of lexe ...
Making Dictionaries
Making Dictionaries

... original tables. It became obvious that one print table flexible enough to handle many options would be better than repeatedly customizing individual tables for individual users. Since many users of SHOEBOX were using their lexical database for both interlinearizing and building a dictionary, it als ...
Document
Document

... In dealing with the objectives of stylistics, certain pronouncements of adjacent disciplines such as theory of information, literature, psychology, logic and to some extent statistics must be touched upon. This is indispensable; for nowadays no science is entirely isolated from other domains of huma ...
Robust French syntax analysis : reconciling statistical methods and
Robust French syntax analysis : reconciling statistical methods and

... on him (twice!) in Amsterdam. His guidance throughout my studies, and especially after I started writing my dissertation, has been priceless. He gave me the freedom to explore to my heart’s content, all the while gently nudging me in the right direction. In hindsight I find that his advice has always ...
Inheritance and Complementation: A Case Study of Easy Adjectives
Inheritance and Complementation: A Case Study of Easy Adjectives

... and Wasow 1985 and Flickinger 1987). In structured lexicons, word classes may stand in a relationship of inheritance to one another, in which case the properties of the bequeathing class accrue automatically to the inheriting class. Once we allow that a single class may be heir to more than one bequ ...
Choosing a Spanish Part-of-Speech tagger for a lexically
Choosing a Spanish Part-of-Speech tagger for a lexically

... taggers is not a straightforward task. Differences in their tagsets, output formats and tokenisation processes have to be addressed. Prior to the PoS tagging process, the text has to be tokenised. As pointed out by Dridan and Oepen (2012), tokenisation is often regarded as a solved problem in NLP. H ...
Word - State of New Jersey
Word - State of New Jersey

... words and phrases as they are used in informational text within the grades 7-8 complexity level using some complex sentences with a variety of grammatical structures and content-based vocabulary. Online support of dictionaries, thesaurus, and sites such as: Wordle, Word Sift Idiom dictionaries ...
Document
Document

... The expressive form that a song takes is related to what the singer has learned: its form may be learned directly from an older family member, it may be heard in a ceremonial dance, it may come to an individual who is training or fasting, or it may come by visiting a particular place. In all of the ...
the nature and classification of idioms
the nature and classification of idioms

... to tell someone where to get off, to bring the house down, to take it out on someone. The learner will have great difficulty here unless he has heard the idioms before. Even when they are used in context, it is not easy to detect the meaning exactly. To get off usually appears together with bus or b ...
The Bitaxonomy algorithm - LIA - Laboratory of Advanced Research
The Bitaxonomy algorithm - LIA - Laboratory of Advanced Research

... • Resolving such ambiguities by means of computational models and algorithms • For instance: – part-of-speech tagging resolves the ambiguity between duck as verb and noun – word sense disambiguation decides whether make means create or cook – probabilistic parsing decides whether her and duck are pa ...
v. nominalization as a cohesive device in
v. nominalization as a cohesive device in

... sophisticated means of transferring information. In order to make it comprehendible (both spoken and written form) the producer should use clear and coherent text. Hence, to understand what makes the text consistent it is expedient to discuss the concept of the text itself. The concept of a text has ...
Putting Pieces Together: Combining FrameNet, VerbNet
Putting Pieces Together: Combining FrameNet, VerbNet

... and shortcomings. In this work, we aim to combine their strengths, and eliminate their shortcomings, by creating a unified knowledge-base that links them all together, allowing them to benefit from one another. FrameNet provides a good generalization across predicates using frames and semantic roles. ...
Spoken Language Translator: Phase Two Report (Draft)
Spoken Language Translator: Phase Two Report (Draft)

... Spoken Language Translator (SLT) is a project whose long-term goal is the construction of practically useful systems capable of translating human speech from one language into another. The current SLT prototype, described in detail in this report, is capable of speech-to-speech translation between E ...
Document
Document

... a multipurpose enclosed motor vehicle having a boxlike shape, rear or side doors, and side panels often with windows ...
Collocation
Collocation

... and some special forms of the verb to be). Still, these scarce forms are dynamically correlated with the other, grammatically non-agreed forms. C.f.: he went – he goes, I went – I go. But apart from the grammatical forms of agreement, the predicative person is directly reflected upon the verb-predi ...
Recognising Affect in Text using Pointwise
Recognising Affect in Text using Pointwise

... Research in the area of affect recognition in text is currently rooted in the exploitation of human-supplied knowledge of emotion. Since the nature of affect is inherently ambiguous (both in terms of the affect classes and the natural language words that represent them), some researchers have electe ...
Overview of the Different Complementation Patterns and
Overview of the Different Complementation Patterns and

... popular. This is beneficial especially for non-native speakers since they very often lack the intuition native speakers have when it comes to choosing the right complementation pattern to express a certain sense of a verb. Language undergoes constant change. It can grow in the number of its words as ...
Automatic grouping of morphologically related collocations
Automatic grouping of morphologically related collocations

... the point of view of identifying collocations in texts. In most of this work, the identification, the linguistic description, the translation and the lexicographic or terminographic presentation of single collocations is in focus. In this article, we make an attempt at going one step further. We do ...
Alpha-Phonics Video
Alpha-Phonics Video

... Y stands for yuh, and if you put yuh in front of am and ap, you get yam and yap. Z stands for zuh, and if you put zuh in front of ag, you get zag . Thus , by the end of Lesson 9, you've learned the short a vowel sound, and the sounds of consonant letters b, c, d, f, g, h, j, I, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, ...
Chaucer`s Impact on the English Language: A Detailed Study
Chaucer`s Impact on the English Language: A Detailed Study

... focuses on the fact that at a certain moment in history scholars simply selected Chaucer as the originator of English poetry, so that later scholars were greatly affected by this assumption rather than motivated to look at the language themselves. To show this statement he examined Chaucer’s vocabul ...
On Sinn and Bedeutung - University of Roehampton
On Sinn and Bedeutung - University of Roehampton

... Staff and students of the University of Roehampton are reminded that copyright subsists in this extract and the work from which it was taken. This Digital Copy has been made by permission of the rightsholder which allows you to: * access and download a copy; * print out a copy; Please note that this ...
Parsing English with a Link Grammar - Link home page
Parsing English with a Link Grammar - Link home page

... and irregular verbs (wanted, go, denied, etc.), different types of nouns (mass nouns, those that take to-phrases, etc.), past- or present-participles in noun phrases, commas, a variety of adjective types, prepositions, adverbs, relative clauses, possessives, and many other things. We have also writt ...
Towards a Rich Dependency Annotation of Spanish Corpora
Towards a Rich Dependency Annotation of Spanish Corpora

... dependency structures such as SSyntS: A. Manually, from the scratch, i.e., starting from a raw corpus. This option would guarantee a high quality annotation (provided that the annotators are adequately trained and high degree of mutual agreement between the annotators is ensured), but is extremely c ...
Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length
Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length

... first present a linear-time algorithm for finding the ordering of a single dependency tree with shortest total dependency length. Then, given that word order must also be determined by grammatical relations, we turn to the problem of specifying a grammar in terms of constraints over such relations. ...
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Word-sense disambiguation

In computational linguistics, word-sense disambiguation (WSD) is an open problem of natural language processing and ontology. WSD is identifying which sense of a word (i.e. meaning) is used in a sentence, when the word has multiple meanings. The solution to this problem impacts other computer-related writing, such as discourse, improving relevance of search engines, anaphora resolution, coherence, inference et cetera.The human brain is quite proficient at word-sense disambiguation. The fact that natural language is formed in a way that requires so much of it is a reflection of that neurologic reality. In other words, human language developed in a way that reflects (and also has helped to shape) the innate ability provided by the brain's neural networks. In computer science and the information technology that it enables, it has been a long-term challenge to develop the ability in computers to do natural language processing and machine learning.To date, a rich variety of techniques have been researched, from dictionary-based methods that use the knowledge encoded in lexical resources, to supervised machine learning methods in which a classifier is trained for each distinct word on a corpus of manually sense-annotated examples, to completely unsupervised methods that cluster occurrences of words, thereby inducing word senses. Among these, supervised learning approaches have been the most successful algorithms to date.Current accuracy is difficult to state without a host of caveats. In English, accuracy at the coarse-grained (homograph) level is routinely above 90%, with some methods on particular homographs achieving over 96%. On finer-grained sense distinctions, top accuracies from 59.1% to 69.0% have been reported in recent evaluation exercises (SemEval-2007, Senseval-2), where the baseline accuracy of the simplest possible algorithm of always choosing the most frequent sense was 51.4% and 57%, respectively.
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