Biological Cybernetics
... of large receptive fields in the periphery of the visual field leads to a lateral increase in resolution compared with the situation of curve 1, where all receptive fields are assumed to have the same size. These findings suggest that the large receptive field neurons that are found in urodeles as w ...
... of large receptive fields in the periphery of the visual field leads to a lateral increase in resolution compared with the situation of curve 1, where all receptive fields are assumed to have the same size. These findings suggest that the large receptive field neurons that are found in urodeles as w ...
RH Ettinger - Test Bank 1
... d. All of the above are correct Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 16. During an action potential, the membrane voltage changes from ________ to about ________ millivolts on the inside relative to the outside. a. –70; 0 b. 0; +50 c. –70; +30 d. –70; +55 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 17. Local anesthetics ...
... d. All of the above are correct Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 16. During an action potential, the membrane voltage changes from ________ to about ________ millivolts on the inside relative to the outside. a. –70; 0 b. 0; +50 c. –70; +30 d. –70; +55 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 17. Local anesthetics ...
Are mesopontine cholinergic neurons either necessary or sufficient
... in the thalamus should block EEG desynchrony. In fact, it has long been known that systemic administration of the antimuscarinic compound atropine blocks EEG desynchrony during most waking behaviors,33 but the locus of the effect has never been determined. Although technically challenging, in theory ...
... in the thalamus should block EEG desynchrony. In fact, it has long been known that systemic administration of the antimuscarinic compound atropine blocks EEG desynchrony during most waking behaviors,33 but the locus of the effect has never been determined. Although technically challenging, in theory ...
How Does the Brain Develop?
... be encoded entirely and precisely in genes. For this reason, the fate of billions of brain cells is left partly open, especially when it comes to the massive undertaking of forming appropriate connections between cells. If the structure and fate of each brain cell are not specified in advance, what ...
... be encoded entirely and precisely in genes. For this reason, the fate of billions of brain cells is left partly open, especially when it comes to the massive undertaking of forming appropriate connections between cells. If the structure and fate of each brain cell are not specified in advance, what ...
Size and number of binucleate and mononucleate superior
... (Szweda et al. 2003). In the nervous system, the changes most frequently related are neuron loss, atrophy and hypertrophy (Cabello et al. 2002). Nevertheless, these claims are discussed because there are related differences between various components of the nervous system among animal species (Finch ...
... (Szweda et al. 2003). In the nervous system, the changes most frequently related are neuron loss, atrophy and hypertrophy (Cabello et al. 2002). Nevertheless, these claims are discussed because there are related differences between various components of the nervous system among animal species (Finch ...
Autonomic Nervous System I and II
... An axon may synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ganglion it first reaches or Sympathetic chains or An axon may continue, without synapsing, through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or An axon may pass through the sy ...
... An axon may synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ganglion it first reaches or Sympathetic chains or An axon may continue, without synapsing, through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or An axon may pass through the sy ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... Some motor neurons in layer 6 of rabbit motor cortex will produce just one spike during some movements (Beloozerova, Sirota and Swadlow, 2003). And stimulation of a single neuron in the rat is sufficient to deflect a whisker (Brecht et al., 2004). With respect to sparse coding, the most widely studi ...
... Some motor neurons in layer 6 of rabbit motor cortex will produce just one spike during some movements (Beloozerova, Sirota and Swadlow, 2003). And stimulation of a single neuron in the rat is sufficient to deflect a whisker (Brecht et al., 2004). With respect to sparse coding, the most widely studi ...
Multiplicative Gain Changes Are Induced by Excitation or Inhibition
... where g 0 is the mean conductance, is a noise time constant, 2 is the variance of the conductance, and (t) is a Gaussian random variable with 0 mean and a SD of 1. Parameters were chosen by beginning with the parameters used by Palmer and Miller (2002) and adjusting these to produce membrane po ...
... where g 0 is the mean conductance, is a noise time constant, 2 is the variance of the conductance, and (t) is a Gaussian random variable with 0 mean and a SD of 1. Parameters were chosen by beginning with the parameters used by Palmer and Miller (2002) and adjusting these to produce membrane po ...
Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... by asterisks. R, recording; S, stimulation; DRG, dorsal root ganglia. ...
... by asterisks. R, recording; S, stimulation; DRG, dorsal root ganglia. ...
Are cortical spikes conveyed to contralateral
... discharges in four patients (2 SGEs and 2 FLEs). Anterior callosotomy was performed in all patients. Of the 26 patients, four had a second operation for posterior callosotomy, i.e., staged total callosotomy, at 5 to 66 months after the first operation, because of insufficient seizure control. Postop ...
... discharges in four patients (2 SGEs and 2 FLEs). Anterior callosotomy was performed in all patients. Of the 26 patients, four had a second operation for posterior callosotomy, i.e., staged total callosotomy, at 5 to 66 months after the first operation, because of insufficient seizure control. Postop ...
Big Myth or Major Miss? - Perceptual Science Laboratory
... action understanding. On page 153, in a discussion of Gibson’s idea of affordances, Hickok writes, “But we should not confuse the fact that action is an important part of perception with the idea ...
... action understanding. On page 153, in a discussion of Gibson’s idea of affordances, Hickok writes, “But we should not confuse the fact that action is an important part of perception with the idea ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... permit the organism to function in a circadian manner in preparation to respond to environmental challenges that are critical to survival. These include oscillations in neuroendocrine and autonomic activity controlling the regulation of body temperature, metabolism, locomotor activity, and cardiovas ...
... permit the organism to function in a circadian manner in preparation to respond to environmental challenges that are critical to survival. These include oscillations in neuroendocrine and autonomic activity controlling the regulation of body temperature, metabolism, locomotor activity, and cardiovas ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... excised and placed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, followed by precipitation of cobalt with aqueous 5% ammonium sulfide solution (4 minutes). Subsequently, specimens were fixed in Carnoy’s solution (45 minutes) and block intensified (Bacon and Altman, 1977; Rybak and Menzel, 1993). After ...
... excised and placed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, followed by precipitation of cobalt with aqueous 5% ammonium sulfide solution (4 minutes). Subsequently, specimens were fixed in Carnoy’s solution (45 minutes) and block intensified (Bacon and Altman, 1977; Rybak and Menzel, 1993). After ...
“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory
... segregation? In the experiments of integrating visual and vestibular cues to infer heading direction, it was found that in the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) and the ventral intraparietal area (VIP) which primarily receive visual and vestibular cues respectively, there exist two types o ...
... segregation? In the experiments of integrating visual and vestibular cues to infer heading direction, it was found that in the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) and the ventral intraparietal area (VIP) which primarily receive visual and vestibular cues respectively, there exist two types o ...
Mapping of second order olfactory neurons and ventral
... Detection of chemical stimuli from the external environment is performed by all living organisms. Of all senses, the chemical sense is the evolutionary oldest. Also, the neural system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular ...
... Detection of chemical stimuli from the external environment is performed by all living organisms. Of all senses, the chemical sense is the evolutionary oldest. Also, the neural system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular ...
Visual Motion-Detection Circuits in Flies: Small
... distilled water. The brains were dehydrated, embedded in soft Durcupan (Fluka, Mannheim, Germany), and serially sectioned at 30 mm. Reduced silver staining. Tissue was fixed either in Gregory’s (1980) synthetically aged Bouin’s solution or in acetic acid–alcohol formalin. After fixation, the heads w ...
... distilled water. The brains were dehydrated, embedded in soft Durcupan (Fluka, Mannheim, Germany), and serially sectioned at 30 mm. Reduced silver staining. Tissue was fixed either in Gregory’s (1980) synthetically aged Bouin’s solution or in acetic acid–alcohol formalin. After fixation, the heads w ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... All data were obtained with a “loose patch” technique, which permitted well isolated and stable extracellular recordings (Fig. 1). This is an important technical advance in the study of NL, because isolation of single neurons is very difficult to obtain, presumably because of the sparsely distribute ...
... All data were obtained with a “loose patch” technique, which permitted well isolated and stable extracellular recordings (Fig. 1). This is an important technical advance in the study of NL, because isolation of single neurons is very difficult to obtain, presumably because of the sparsely distribute ...
PDF file
... classification scheme does not fit well for higher accuracy needs, as a misclassification between disparity class −1 and class 0 is very different from that between a class −1 and class 4. The work presented here, investigates the more challenging problem of regression with subpixel precision, in co ...
... classification scheme does not fit well for higher accuracy needs, as a misclassification between disparity class −1 and class 0 is very different from that between a class −1 and class 4. The work presented here, investigates the more challenging problem of regression with subpixel precision, in co ...
Towards Detection of Brain Tumor in Electroencephalogram
... very significant in clinical practice. Numerous researchers have projected diverse techniques for the categorization of brain tumors on basis of different sources of information [15, 16, and 17]. Regardless of the techniques introduced thus far for the extraction of information, analysis and visuali ...
... very significant in clinical practice. Numerous researchers have projected diverse techniques for the categorization of brain tumors on basis of different sources of information [15, 16, and 17]. Regardless of the techniques introduced thus far for the extraction of information, analysis and visuali ...
Maruska & Tricas 2011
... torus semicircularis, we also quantified the density of GnRH-ir fibers in sagittal sections. Axon varicosities, or swellings, are thought to be release sites for GnRH peptide and therefore quantification of varicose axons should be a proxy indicator of the amount of peptide available for release (Oka a ...
... torus semicircularis, we also quantified the density of GnRH-ir fibers in sagittal sections. Axon varicosities, or swellings, are thought to be release sites for GnRH peptide and therefore quantification of varicose axons should be a proxy indicator of the amount of peptide available for release (Oka a ...
Cellular scaling rules for the brain of afrotherians
... brains has shown that non-neuronal scaling rules are similar across these mammalian orders that diverged about 95 million years ago, and therefore appear to be conserved in evolution, while neuronal scaling rules appear to be free to vary in evolution in a clade-specific manner. Here we analyze the ...
... brains has shown that non-neuronal scaling rules are similar across these mammalian orders that diverged about 95 million years ago, and therefore appear to be conserved in evolution, while neuronal scaling rules appear to be free to vary in evolution in a clade-specific manner. Here we analyze the ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... The concentration of the components in other mixtures was 2.8 ppm for cis-3-hexenol (C6C9), 13.8 ppm for isobutyl acetate (ester), and 0.08 ppm for linalool (tAl). The duration for each odor application was 3 s with at least 30 s interstimulus intervals to avoid habituation (Wilson, 1998, 2001). For ...
... The concentration of the components in other mixtures was 2.8 ppm for cis-3-hexenol (C6C9), 13.8 ppm for isobutyl acetate (ester), and 0.08 ppm for linalool (tAl). The duration for each odor application was 3 s with at least 30 s interstimulus intervals to avoid habituation (Wilson, 1998, 2001). For ...
Neurochemistry of identified motoneurons of the tensor tympani
... 1984). Although there are some differences in the number and location of MoTTM between species, a general feature of these neurons is that they are found in a region lateral and ventrolateral to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. This region corresponds to ‘‘cell group k”, described first by ...
... 1984). Although there are some differences in the number and location of MoTTM between species, a general feature of these neurons is that they are found in a region lateral and ventrolateral to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. This region corresponds to ‘‘cell group k”, described first by ...
The emergence of a shared action ontology: Building blocks for a
... designated as ‘‘mirror neurons’’ (Gallese, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Rizzolatti, 1996; Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Gallese, 1996a; see also Fogassi & Gallese, 2002; Gallese, 2000, 2001; Gallese, Fogassi, Fadiga, & Rizzolatti, 2002; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 2000; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 20 ...
... designated as ‘‘mirror neurons’’ (Gallese, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Rizzolatti, 1996; Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Gallese, 1996a; see also Fogassi & Gallese, 2002; Gallese, 2000, 2001; Gallese, Fogassi, Fadiga, & Rizzolatti, 2002; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 2000; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 20 ...