The Octopus: A Model for a Comparative Analysis of the Evolution of
... The first known record of the behavioral capabilities of octopuses and their close relatives dates back to Aristotle, who defined octopuses as “stupid” animals, since their strong exploratory drive made it easy for people to catch them by simply waving their hands underwater (Aristotle, 1910). Moder ...
... The first known record of the behavioral capabilities of octopuses and their close relatives dates back to Aristotle, who defined octopuses as “stupid” animals, since their strong exploratory drive made it easy for people to catch them by simply waving their hands underwater (Aristotle, 1910). Moder ...
A Simple Biophysically Plausible Model for Long Time
... (Egorov et al., 2002; Tahvildari et al., 2008; Yoshida and Hasselmo, 2009; Zhang et al., 2011; Navaroli et al., 2011). Moreover, activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which leads to CAN current activation, has been shown as necessary for induction of persistent firing in some cases (Egor ...
... (Egorov et al., 2002; Tahvildari et al., 2008; Yoshida and Hasselmo, 2009; Zhang et al., 2011; Navaroli et al., 2011). Moreover, activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which leads to CAN current activation, has been shown as necessary for induction of persistent firing in some cases (Egor ...
PDF
... and they looked like ghost cells when stained with PAS (Figure 1B). In face A, focal infarction evolved and developed among the disseminated selective neuronal necrosis from 12 hours to 4 days, and foamy macrophages increased in number in the liquefaction necrosis from 4 to 7 days. By 2 to 8 weeks a ...
... and they looked like ghost cells when stained with PAS (Figure 1B). In face A, focal infarction evolved and developed among the disseminated selective neuronal necrosis from 12 hours to 4 days, and foamy macrophages increased in number in the liquefaction necrosis from 4 to 7 days. By 2 to 8 weeks a ...
Spike-Timing Theory of Working Memory
... research, its mechanism is not clearly understood. We exploit a well-known feature of the brain — its ability to use precisely timed spiking events in its operation — to show how working memory functionality can emerge in the brain’s vast memory repertoire. Our neural simulations explain many featur ...
... research, its mechanism is not clearly understood. We exploit a well-known feature of the brain — its ability to use precisely timed spiking events in its operation — to show how working memory functionality can emerge in the brain’s vast memory repertoire. Our neural simulations explain many featur ...
Introduction to Psychology
... sodium ions (Na⫹) to rush into the axon (Carlson, 2010). The channels first open near the soma. Then gate after gate opens down the length of the axon as the action potential zips along ( Figure 2.4). Each action potential is an all-or-nothing event (a nerve impulse occurs completely or not at all). ...
... sodium ions (Na⫹) to rush into the axon (Carlson, 2010). The channels first open near the soma. Then gate after gate opens down the length of the axon as the action potential zips along ( Figure 2.4). Each action potential is an all-or-nothing event (a nerve impulse occurs completely or not at all). ...
PART IV INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION IN HUMANS
... the frontal lobe is especially necessary to higher mental functions. A visual association area occurs in the occipital lobe, and an auditory association area occurs in the temporal lobe. In the white matter of the cerebrum where myelinated axons are arranged in tracts, masses of gray matter called b ...
... the frontal lobe is especially necessary to higher mental functions. A visual association area occurs in the occipital lobe, and an auditory association area occurs in the temporal lobe. In the white matter of the cerebrum where myelinated axons are arranged in tracts, masses of gray matter called b ...
Human Biology I - Control and Development
... Neurons use electrical signals in the form of changes in voltage, or electric potential, across the cell membrane. The electric potential across the membrane is called the membrane potential. The inside of a neuron is normally negatively charged and the outside is normally positively charged. The re ...
... Neurons use electrical signals in the form of changes in voltage, or electric potential, across the cell membrane. The electric potential across the membrane is called the membrane potential. The inside of a neuron is normally negatively charged and the outside is normally positively charged. The re ...
13 Nervous System
... by sensory nerve fibers to interneurons in the spinal cord. Interneurons signal motor neurons which conduct nerve impulses to a skeletal muscle that contracts, giving the response to the stimulus. ...
... by sensory nerve fibers to interneurons in the spinal cord. Interneurons signal motor neurons which conduct nerve impulses to a skeletal muscle that contracts, giving the response to the stimulus. ...
PDF
... The ultrastructural details of synapses originating in human NSC-derived neurons in the spinal cord of SOD1 G93A rat were studied at magnifications 15,000ⴛ or higher from sites randomly located in the ventral horn, excluding areas of NSCs engraftment. EM micrographs were randomly taken by a researche ...
... The ultrastructural details of synapses originating in human NSC-derived neurons in the spinal cord of SOD1 G93A rat were studied at magnifications 15,000ⴛ or higher from sites randomly located in the ventral horn, excluding areas of NSCs engraftment. EM micrographs were randomly taken by a researche ...
Mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system
... the ventricular zone and the cell smoothly moves upward by somal translocation. The role of the leading process therefore changes several times as CPNs journey from the ventricle to the marginal zone. In the intermediate zone there are multiple unstable processes, with the cell following whichever p ...
... the ventricular zone and the cell smoothly moves upward by somal translocation. The role of the leading process therefore changes several times as CPNs journey from the ventricle to the marginal zone. In the intermediate zone there are multiple unstable processes, with the cell following whichever p ...
aud
... the low frequency components of the signal are directed to one end of the cochlea and the highfrequency components are directed to the other end. As will be seen later in this chapter, the precise role that is played by this frequency analysis is only partially understood. ...
... the low frequency components of the signal are directed to one end of the cochlea and the highfrequency components are directed to the other end. As will be seen later in this chapter, the precise role that is played by this frequency analysis is only partially understood. ...
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to
... Of the 74 NTS neurons that received both AP and ADN inputs, 23 were further tested with non-NMDA and NMDA receptor agonists and antagonists. Of the 23 neurons, 2 neurons were first tested with AP5 followed by NBQX and 1 neuron was first tested with NBQX followed by AP5 1 NBQX. All subsequent data ar ...
... Of the 74 NTS neurons that received both AP and ADN inputs, 23 were further tested with non-NMDA and NMDA receptor agonists and antagonists. Of the 23 neurons, 2 neurons were first tested with AP5 followed by NBQX and 1 neuron was first tested with NBQX followed by AP5 1 NBQX. All subsequent data ar ...
AANEM Glossary of Terms in Neuromuscular
... communicate effectively. This glossary is the cumulative effort of many individuals over the past several decades. With added knowledge gained through research and innovation, the need to update the extensive list will continue to occur periodically. The original glossary was produced in 1980 with u ...
... communicate effectively. This glossary is the cumulative effort of many individuals over the past several decades. With added knowledge gained through research and innovation, the need to update the extensive list will continue to occur periodically. The original glossary was produced in 1980 with u ...
Auditory physiology chapter
... the low frequency components of the signal are directed to one end of the cochlea and the highfrequency components are directed to the other end. As will be seen later in this chapter, the precise role that is played by this frequency analysis is only partially understood. ...
... the low frequency components of the signal are directed to one end of the cochlea and the highfrequency components are directed to the other end. As will be seen later in this chapter, the precise role that is played by this frequency analysis is only partially understood. ...
Neuronal Replacement and Reconstruction of Damaged Circuitries
... movements,either spontaneously or in response to light touches of the area aroundthe graft. This capacity of the grafted cord to elicit coordinatedwalkinglike movements was specific in the sense that it was seen with segmentstaken from the brachial portion of the cord, normallyinnervating the foreli ...
... movements,either spontaneously or in response to light touches of the area aroundthe graft. This capacity of the grafted cord to elicit coordinatedwalkinglike movements was specific in the sense that it was seen with segmentstaken from the brachial portion of the cord, normallyinnervating the foreli ...
serotonergic modulation of swimming speed in the pteropod mollusc
... In non-swimming preparations, induced bursting in Cr-SP neurons was able to initiate swimming provided that the spike burst included more than four or five action potentials (based on experimental firing rates of approximately 20 Hz; Fig. 5B). In swimming preparations, spike bursts in Cr-SP neurons ...
... In non-swimming preparations, induced bursting in Cr-SP neurons was able to initiate swimming provided that the spike burst included more than four or five action potentials (based on experimental firing rates of approximately 20 Hz; Fig. 5B). In swimming preparations, spike bursts in Cr-SP neurons ...
Preview Sample 2
... • The dendrites project out from the cell bodies are the primary receivers of signals from other neurons. • The axon is a tail-like extension of the neuron. It transmits signals to other neurons. • At the ends of the axons are the axon terminals. Signals move from the axon terminals to the dendrites ...
... • The dendrites project out from the cell bodies are the primary receivers of signals from other neurons. • The axon is a tail-like extension of the neuron. It transmits signals to other neurons. • At the ends of the axons are the axon terminals. Signals move from the axon terminals to the dendrites ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and 0.003% hydrogen peroxide for 6 –7 min. Then, after incubation in blo ...
... peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and 0.003% hydrogen peroxide for 6 –7 min. Then, after incubation in blo ...
PDF file - Izhikevich
... neurons, each making thousands of synaptic contacts with its neighbors. Given the complexity of the connectivity inherent in cortical anatomy, efforts to describe the pattern of electrical activity in exact detail within even a highly localized population of cortical neurons would be extremely diffi ...
... neurons, each making thousands of synaptic contacts with its neighbors. Given the complexity of the connectivity inherent in cortical anatomy, efforts to describe the pattern of electrical activity in exact detail within even a highly localized population of cortical neurons would be extremely diffi ...
Cognon Neural Model Software Verification and
... Little is known yet about how the brain can recognize arbitrary sensory patterns within milliseconds using neural spikes to communicate information between neurons. In a typical brain there are several layers of neurons, with each neuron axon connecting to ∼ 104 synapses of neurons in an adjacent la ...
... Little is known yet about how the brain can recognize arbitrary sensory patterns within milliseconds using neural spikes to communicate information between neurons. In a typical brain there are several layers of neurons, with each neuron axon connecting to ∼ 104 synapses of neurons in an adjacent la ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
... membrane potential of N j varies through time, under the action of the four incoming spikes (left). ...
... membrane potential of N j varies through time, under the action of the four incoming spikes (left). ...
Do Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons Display
... the strength or the correlation in the background activity. A new type of resonance-like behavior was obtained when the correlation was varied, in which case the responsiveness is sensitive to the statistics rather than the strength of the noise. We suggest that this type of resonance may be relevan ...
... the strength or the correlation in the background activity. A new type of resonance-like behavior was obtained when the correlation was varied, in which case the responsiveness is sensitive to the statistics rather than the strength of the noise. We suggest that this type of resonance may be relevan ...
35-2 The Nervous System
... The inside of the membrane temporarily becomes more positive than the outside, reversing the resting potential. ...
... The inside of the membrane temporarily becomes more positive than the outside, reversing the resting potential. ...